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نشرة الممارس الصحي نشرة معلومات المريض بالعربية نشرة معلومات المريض بالانجليزية صور الدواء بيانات الدواء
  SFDA PIL (Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) are under review by Saudi Food and Drug Authority)

Remeron is one of a group of medicines called antidepressants. Remeron is used to treat depressive illness in adults.

Remeron will take 1 to 2 weeks before it starts working. After 2 to 4 weeks you may start feeling better. You must talk to your doctor if you do not feel better or if you feel worse after 2 to 4 weeks. More information is in section 3 heading "When can you expect to start feeling better".


 

Do not take Remeron:

·        if you are allergic to mirtazapine or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6). If so, you must talk to your doctor as soon as you can before taking Remeron.

·        if you are taking or have recently taken (within the last two weeks) medicines called monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-Is).

 

Warnings and precautions

Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Remeron.

 

Tell your doctor before taking Remeron:

If you have ever developed a severe skin rash or skin peeling, blistering and/or mouth sores after taking Remeron.

 

Children and adolescents

Remeron should normally not be used for children and adolescents under 18 years because efficacy was not demonstrated. Also, you should know that patients under 18 have an increased risk of side- effects such as suicide attempt, suicidal thoughts and hostility (predominantly aggression, oppositional behaviour and anger) when they take this class of medicines. Despite this, your doctor

may prescribe Remeron for patients under 18 because he/she decides that this is in their best interests. If your doctor has prescribed Remeron for a patient under 18 and you want to discuss this, please go back to your doctor. You should inform your doctor if any of the symptoms listed above develop or worsen when patients under 18 are taking Remeron. Also, the long-term safety effects concerning growth, maturation and cognitive and behavioural development of Remeron in this age group have not yet been demonstrated. In addition, significant weight gain has been observed in this age category more often when treated with Remeron compared with adults.

 

Thoughts of suicide and worsening of your depression

If you are depressed you can sometimes have thoughts of harming or killing yourself. These may be increased when first starting antidepressants, since these medicines all take time to work, usually about two weeks but sometimes longer.

You may be more likely to think like this:

·        if you have previously had thoughts about killing or harming yourself.

·        if you are a young adult. Information from clinical trials has shown an increased risk of suicidal behaviour in adults aged less than 25 years with psychiatric conditions who were treated with

an antidepressant.

® If you have thoughts of harming or killing yourself at any time, contact your doctor or go to a hospital straightaway.

 

You may find it helpful to tell a relative or close friend that you are depressed, and ask them to read this leaflet. You might ask them to tell you if they think your depression is getting worse, or if they are worried about changes in your behaviour.

Also take special care with Remeron

·        if you have, or have ever had one of the following conditions.

® Tell your doctor about these conditions before taking Remeron, if not done previously

- seizures (epilepsy). If you develop seizures or your seizures become more frequent, stop taking Remeron and contact your doctor immediately;

- liver disease, including jaundice. If jaundice occurs, stop taking Remeron and contact your doctor immediately;

- kidney disease;

- heart disease, or low blood pressure;

- schizophrenia. If psychotic symptoms, such as paranoid thoughts become more frequent or severe, contact your doctor straightaway;

- manic depression (alternating periods of feeling elated/overactivity and depressed mood). If you start feeling elated or over-excited, stop taking Remeron and contact your doctor immediately;

- diabetes (you may need to adjust your dose of insulin or other antidiabetic medicines);

- eye disease, such as increased pressure in the eye (glaucoma);

- difficulty in passing water (urinating), which might be caused by an enlarged prostate.

- certain kinds of heart conditions that may change your heart rhythm, a recent heart attack, heart failure, or take certain medicines that may affect the heart’s rhythm.

·        if you develop signs of infection such as inexplicable high fever, sore throat and mouth ulcers.

® Stop taking Remeron and consult your doctor immediately for a blood test.

In rare cases these symptoms can be signs of disturbances in blood cell production in the bone marrow. While rare, these symptoms most commonly appear after 4-6 weeks of treatment.

·        if you are an elderly person. You could be more sensitive to the side-effects of antidepressants.

·        Serious skin reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) have been reported with the use of Remeron. Stop using and seek medical attention immediately if you notice any of the symptoms described in section 4 in relation to these serious skin reactions. If you have ever developed any severe skin reactions, treatment with Remeron should not be restarted.

 

Other medicines and Remeron

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines.

 

Do not take Remeron in combination with:

·        monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors). Also, do not take Remeron during the two weeks after you have stopped taking MAO inhibitors. If you stop taking Remeron, do not take MAO inhibitors during the next two weeks either.

Examples of MAO inhibitors are moclobemide, tranylcypromine (both are antidepressants) and selegiline (used for Parkinson’s disease).

 

Take care when taking Remeron in combination with:

·          antidepressants such as SSRIs, venlafaxine and L-tryptophan or triptans (used to treat migraine), tramadol (a pain-killer), linezolid (an antibiotic), lithium (used to treat some psychiatric conditions), methylene blue (used to treat high levels of methemoglobin in the blood) and St. Johns Wort – Hypericum perforatum preparations (a herbal remedy for depression). In very rare cases Remeron alone or the combination of Remeron with these medicines, can lead to a so-called serotonin syndrome. Some of the symptoms of this syndrome are: inexplicable fever, sweating, increased heart rate, diarrhoea, (uncontrollable) muscle contractions, shivering, overactive reflexes, restlessness, mood changes and unconsciousness. If you get a combination of these symptoms, talk to your doctor immediately.

·        the antidepressant nefazodone. It can increase the amount of Remeron in your blood. Inform your doctor if you are using this medicine. It might be needed to lower the dose of Remeron, or when use of nefazodone is stopped, to increase the dose of Remeron again.

·        medicines for anxiety or insomnia such as benzodiazepines;

medicines for schizophrenia such as olanzapine; medicines for allergies such as cetirizine; medicines for severe pain such as morphine.

In combination with these medicines Remeron can increase the drowsiness caused by these

medicines.

·        medicines for infections; medicines for bacterial infections (such as erythromycin, medicines for fungal infections (such as ketoconazole) and medicines for HIV/AIDS (such as HIV- protease inhibitors) and drugs for stomach ulcers (such as cimetidine).

In combination with Remeron these medicines can increase the amount of Remeron in your

blood. Inform your doctor if you are using these medicines. It might be needed to lower the dose of Remeron, or when these medicines are stopped, to increase the dose of Remeron again.

·        medicines for epilepsy such as carbamazepine and phenytoin;

medicines for tuberculosis such as rifampicin.

In combination with Remeron these medicines can reduce the amount of Remeron in your blood. Inform your doctor if you are using these medicines. It might be needed to increase the dose of Remeron, or when these medicines are stopped to lower the dose of Remeron again.

·        medicines to prevent blood clotting such as warfarin.

Remeron can increase the effects of warfarin on the blood. Inform your doctor if you are using this medicine. In case of combination it is advised that a doctor monitors your blood carefully.

-           ·              medicines that may affect the heart’s rhythm such as certain antibiotics and some anti- psychotics.

 

Remeron with food and alcohol

You may get drowsy if you drink alcohol while you are taking Remeron. You are advised not to drink any alcohol.

You can take Remeron with or without food.

 

Pregnancy and breast-feeding

If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking this medicine.

Limited experience with Remeron administration to pregnant women does not indicate an increased risk. However, caution should be exercised when used during pregnancy.

If you use Remeron until, or shortly before birth, your baby should be supervised for possible adverse effects.

When taken during pregnancy, similar drugs (SSRIs) may increase the risk of a serious condition in babies, called persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), making the baby breathe faster and appear bluish. These symptoms usually begin during the first 24 hours after the baby is born. If this happens to your baby you should contact your midwife and/or doctor immediately.

 

Driving and using machines

Remeron can affect your concentration or alertness. Make sure these abilities are not affected before you drive or operate machinery. If your doctor has prescribed Remeron for a patient under 18 years make sure the concentration and alertness is not affected before participation in traffic (e.g. on bicycle).

 

Remeron tablets contain lactose.

Remeron tablets contain lactose. If you have been told by your doctor that you have an intolerance for some sugars, contact your doctor before taking this medicinal product.


 

Always take this medicine exactly as your doctor or pharmacist has told you. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.

 

How much to take

The recommended starting dose is 15 or 30 mg every day. Your doctor may advise you to after a few days to the amount that is best for you (between 15 and 45 mg per day). The dose is usually the same for all ages. However, if you are an elderly person or if you have renal or liver disease, your doctor may adapt the dose.

 

When to take Remeron

® Take Remeron at the same time each day. It is best to take Remeron as a single dose before you go to bed. However your doctor may suggest you to split your dose of Remeron – once in the morning and once at night-time before you go to bed. The higher dose should be taken before you go to bed. Take your tablets orally. Swallow your prescribed dose of Remeron without chewing, with some water or juice.

 

When can you expect to start feeling better

Usually Remeron will start working after 1 to 2 weeks and after 2 to 4 weeks you may start to feel better.

It is important that, during the first few weeks of the treatment, you talk with your doctor about the effects of Remeron:

® 2 to 4 weeks after you have started taking Remeron, talk to your doctor about how this medicine has affected you.

If you still don’t feel better, your doctor may prescribe a higher dose. In that case, talk to your doctor again after another 2 to 4 weeks.

Usually you will need to take Remeron until your symptoms of depression have disappeared for 4 to

6 months.

 

If you take more Remeron than you should

® If you or someone else has taken too much Remeron, call a doctor straightaway.

The most likely signs of an overdose of Remeron (without other medicines or alcohol) are

drowsiness, disorientation and increased heart rate. The symptoms of a possible overdose may

include changes to your heart rhythm (fast, irregular heartbeat) and/or fainting which could be symptoms of a life-threatening condition known as Torsade de Pointes.

 

If you forget to take Remeron

If you are supposed to take your dose once a day

·        Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose. Take your next dose at the normal time.

 

If you are supposed to take your dose twice a day

·        if you have forgotten to take your morning dose, simply take it together with your evening dose.

·        if you have forgotten to take your evening dose, do not take it with the next morning dose; just skip it and continue with your normal morning and evening doses.

·        if you have forgotten to take both doses, do not attempt to make up for the missed doses. Skip both doses and continue the next day with your normal morning and evening doses.

 

 

If you stop taking Remeron

® Only stop taking Remeron in consultation with your doctor.

If you stop too early, your depression might come back. Once you are feeling better, talk to your doctor. Your doctor will decide when treatment can be stopped.

Do not suddenly stop taking Remeron, even when your depression has lifted. If you suddenly stop taking Remeron you may feel sick, dizzy, agitated or anxious, and have headaches. These symptoms can be avoided by stopping gradually. Your doctor will tell you how to decrease the dose gradually.

 

If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.


 

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

 

If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking mirtazapine and tell your doctor immediately.

 

Uncommon (may affect up to 1 in 100 people):

·        feeling elated or emotionally ‘high’ (mania)

 

Rare (may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people):

·        yellow colouring of eyes or skin; this may suggest disturbance in liver function (jaundice)

 

Not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data):

·        signs of infection such as sudden unexplainable high fever, sore throat and mouth ulcers (agranulocytosis). In rare cases mirtazapine can cause disturbances in the production of blood cells (bone marrow depression). Some people become less resistant to infection because mirtazapine can cause a temporary shortage of white blood cells (granulocytopenia). In rare cases mirtazapine can also cause a shortage of red and white blood cells, as well as blood platelets (aplastic anemia), a shortage of blood platelets (thrombocytopenia) or an increase in the number of white blood cells (eosinophilia).

·        epileptic attack (convulsions)

·        a combination of symptoms such as inexplicable fever, sweating, increased heart rate, diarrhoea, (uncontrollable) muscle contractions, shivering, overactive reflexes, restlessness, mood changes, unconsciousness and increased salivation. In very rare cases these can be signs of serotonin syndrome.

·         thoughts of harming or killing yourself

•            severe skin reactions:

•       reddish patches on the trunk which are target-like macules or circular, often with central blisters, skin peeling, ulcers of mouth, throat, nose, genitals and eyes. These serious skin rashes can be preceded by fever and flu-like symptoms (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis)

•       widespread rash, high body temperature and enlarged lymph nodes (DRESS syndrome or drug hypersensitivity syndrome)

 

Other possible side effects with mirtazapine are:

 

Very common (may affect more than 1 in 10 people):

·        increase in appetite and weight gain

·        drowsiness or sleepiness

·        headache

·        dry mouth

 

Common (may affect up to 1 in 10 people):

·        lethargy

·        dizziness

·        shakiness or tremor

·        nausea

·        diarrhoea

·        vomiting

·        constipation

·        rash or skin eruptions (exanthema)

·        pain in your joints (arthralgia) or muscles (myalgia)

·        back pain

·        feeling dizzy or faint when you stand up suddenly (orthostatic hypotension)

·        swelling (typically in ankles or feet) caused by fluid retention (oedema)

·        tiredness

·        vivid dreams

·        confusion

·        feeling anxious

·        sleeping problems

·        memory problems, which in most cases resolved when treatment was stopped

 

Uncommon (may affect up to 1 in 100 people):

·        abnormal sensation in the skin e.g. burning, stinging, tickling or tingling (paraesthesia)

·        restless legs

·        fainting (syncope)

·        sensations of numbness in the mouth (oral hypoaesthesia)

·        low blood pressure

·        nightmares

·        feeling agitated

·        hallucinations

·        urge to move

 

Rare (may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people):

·        muscle twitching or contractions (myoclonus)

·        aggression

·        abdominal pain and nausea; this may suggest inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis)

 

Not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data):

·        abnormal sensations in the mouth (oral paraesthesia)

·        swelling in the mouth (mouth oedema)

·        swelling throughout the body (generalized oedema)

·        localized swelling

·        hyponatraemia

·        inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion

·        severe skin reactions (dermatitis bullous, erythema multiforme).

·        sleep walking (somnambulism)

·        speech disorder

·        increased creatine kinase blood levels

·        difficulty in passing urine (urinary retention)

·        muscle pain, stiffness and/or weakness , darkening or discolouration of the urine (rhabdomyolysis)

•         low sodium level in the blood (hyponatraemia)

•        increased prolactin hormone levels in blood (hyperprolactinemia, including symptoms of enlarged breasts and/or milky nipple discharge)

•        prolonged painful erection of the penis

•            prolonged painful erection of the penis

 

 

Additional side effects in children and adolescents

In children under 18 years the following adverse events were observed commonly in clinical trials:

significant weight gain, hives and increased blood triglycerides.

 

 

Reporting of side effects

If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet.

You can also report side effects directly via The National Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety Centre (NPC), SFDA. By reporting side affects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.


Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children.

 

Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the carton and the blister. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month.

Store below 30° C

Store in the original package in order to protect from light and moisture

 

Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste.

Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help to protect the environment.


The active substance is mirtazapine.

Remeron 30 mg film-coated tablets contain 30 mg mirtazapine per film-coated tablet.

·        The other ingredients are:

Tablet core: maize starch, hyprolose, magnesium stearate, silica, colloidal anhydrous, lactose monohydrate

Tablet coating: hypromellose, Macrogol 8000, titanium dioxide (E171)

The tablet coating of Remeron 30 mg film-coated tablets also contain yellow iron oxide (E172)

and red iron oxide (E 172).


Remeron are film-coated tablets. Remeron 30 mg film-coated tablets are oval, biconvex, red-brown, scored and coded with ‘ MSD’ on one side and with ‘TZ5’ on the other side on both sides of the score. The tablet can be divided into equal halves. Remeron 30 mg film-coated tablets are packed in blisters or bottles. For Remeron 30 mg film-coated tablets in blisters the following pack sizes are available: 10, 20, 30, 50, 60, 90, 100, 200 and 500 tablets; 14, 28, 56 and 70 tablets; for Remeron 30 mg film-coated tablets in bottles a pack size of 250 tablets is available (not all pack sizes may be marketed).

Marketing Authorization Holder:

N.V. Organon, Kloosterstraat 6, 5349 AB Oss

P.O Box 20, The Netherlands

 

Manufacturer:

Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd.

Shotton Lane, Cramlington,

Northumberland

NE23 3JU

United Kingdom

 

Packed by:

Pharma Pharmaceutical Industries,

Second Industrial Area,

P.O. Box 11351 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia


This leaflet was last revised in March 2021. To report any side effect(s): • Saudi Arabia: The National Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety Centre (NPC) o Fax: +966-11-205-7662 o Call NPC at +966-11-20382222, Exts: 2317-2356-2353-2354-2334-2340. o Toll free phone: 8002490000 o E-mail: npc.drug@sfda.gov.sa o Website: www.sfda.gov.sa/npc • Other GCC States: Please contact the relevant competent authority. This is a Medicament  Medicament is a product which affects your health and its consumption contrary to instructions is dangerous for you.  Follow strictly the doctor’s prescription, the method of use and the instructions of the pharmacist who sold the medicament.  The doctor and the pharmacist are the experts in medicines, their benefits and risks.  Do not by yourself interrupt the period of treatment prescribed for you.  Do not repeat the same prescription without consulting your doctor.  Keep all medicaments out of reach of children. Council of Arab Health Ministers Union of Arab Pharmacists This patient information leaflet is approved by the Saudi Food & Drug Authority.
  نشرة الدواء تحت مراجعة الهيئة العامة للغذاء والدواء (اقرأ هذه النشرة بعناية قبل البدء في استخدام هذا المنتج لأنه يحتوي على معلومات مهمة لك)

ينتمي ريميرون إلى مجموعة الأدوية المدعوّة مضادات الاكتئاب.

يُستعمل ريميرون لعلاج مرض الاكتئاب لدى البالغين.

يستغرق ريميرون من أسبوع إلى أسبوعَين قبل أن يبدأ مفعوله. بإمكانك أن تشعر بتحسّن بدءًا من 2 إلى 4 أسابيع. ينبغي أن تستشير طبيبك في حال لم تشعر بأي تحسّن أو في حال ساءت حالتك بعد 2 إلى 4 أسابيع. يوجد معلومات إضافية في البند 3 بعنوان "متى يُتوقّع أن تبدأ بالتحسّن؟"

لا تتناول ريميرون:

·   إذا كانت لديك حساسية من الميرتازابين أو أي مكوّن آخر من مكوّنات هذا الدواء (المذكورة في البند 6). في تلك الحالة، ينبغي أن تتحدّث مع طبيبك بأسرع وقت ممكن قبل البدء بتناول ريميرون.

·   إذا كنتَ تتناول حاليًا أو إذا تناولتَ مؤخّرًا (خلال الأسبوعين الماضيين) أدوية تُعرف بمثبّطات أوكسيداز أحادي الأمين (MAO-Is).

 

المخاطر و الاحتياطات

استشر طبيبك أو الصيدلي قبل تناول ريميرون.

 

أخبر طبيبك قبل تناول ريميرون

إذا تعرضت من قبل  لطفح جلدي حاد أو تقشير الجلد، تقرحات و / أو تقرحات الفم بعد تناول ريميرون.

الأطفال والمراهقون

بشكل عام، لا يستخدم ريميرون لدى الأطفال والمراهقين دون 18 سنة من العمر لأن فعاليّته غير مثبّتة معهم. كما يجب أن تعلم أن المرضى دون 18 سنة أكثر عرضة لآثار جانبية مثل محاولة الانتحار والأفكار الانتحارية والعدائية (ولا سيما العدوانية والسلوك المعارض والغضب) عند تناولهم هذه الفئة من الأدوية. ومع ذلك، من المحتمل أن يقوم طبيبك بوصف ريميرون لمريض دون 18 سنة إذا ارتأى أنّ مصلحته تقضي بذلك. إذا وصف طبيبك ريميرون لمريض دون 18 سنة وشعرتَ بالرغبة في مناقشة هذا الموضوع، يُرجى منك الرجوع إلى طبيبك. يجب أن تخبر طبيبك إن بدأت أو ساءت أيّ من الأعراض المبيّنة أعلاه عند تناول ريميرون من قبل مريض دون 18 سنة. كما لم تُثبّت بعد تأثيرات ريميرون على المدى البعيد على سلامة النمو والنضج والنماء المعرفي والسلوكي لدى هذه الفئة العمرية. إضافة لذلك لوحظ أنّ هذه الفئة العمرية أكثر عرضة لزيادة ملحوظة في الوزن لدى العلاج بريميرون، بالمقارنة مع البالغين.

 

أفكار انتحارية وتفاقم الاكتئاب لديك

إذا كنتَ تعاني من الاكتئاب، من المحتمل أن تفكّر أحيانًا في أن تؤذي أو تقتل نفسك. ومن المحتمل أن تزداد تلك الأفكار عند البدء بتناول مضادّات الاكتئاب، لأنّ جميع هذه الأدوية تستغرق بعض الوقت قبل أن يبدأ مفعولها، فهي تحتاج عادة إلى قرابة أسبوعَين أو أكثر أحيانًا.

يزداد الاحتمال بأن تراودك أفكار مماثلة للآتي:

·       إذا فكّرتَ سابقا بأن تنتحر أو تؤذي نفسك.

·       إذا كنتَ في ربيع العمر. فقد أظهرت التجارب السريرية ارتفاعًا في خطر التعرّض للسلوك الانتحاري لدى فئة الشباب دون 25 سنة ممّن يعانون من اضطرابات نفسية ويُعالجون بمضادّات الاكتئاب.

¬   إذا خطر ببالك في أيّ وقت من الأوقات أن تؤذي أو تقتل نفسك، اتّصل بطبيبك أو توجّه إلى المستشفى على الفور.

 

من المستحسن أن تخبر أحد أقاربك أو أصدقائك المقربّين بأنك تعاني من الاكتئاب وتطلب منهم قراءة هذه النشرة. بوسعك أن تسألهم إن كان الاكتئاب لديك يزداد سوءًا بنظرهم أو إن كانوا قلقين من التبدّلات الحاصلة في سلوكك.

 

بالاضافة إلى ذلك، توخّ الحذر عند تناول ريميرون

·      إذا كنتَ تعاني أو عانيتَ في أيّ وقت مضى من إحدى الحالات التالية:

¬   أخبر طبيبك عن تلك الحالات قبل البدء بتناول ريميرون، إن لم يكن على علم بها.

-       النوبات (الصرع). إذا بدأتَ تتعرّض لنوبات أو إذا زادت وتيرة النوبات لديك، توقّف عن تناول ريميرون واتّصل بطبيبك على الفور؛

-       مرض في الكبد، بما في ذلك اليرقان. إذا أُصبت باليرقان، توقّف عن تناول ريميرون واتّصل بطبيبك على الفور؛

-       مرض في الكلى؛

-       مرض في القلب أو هبوط ضغط الدم؛

-       الفصام. إذا زادت وتيرة أو حدّة الأعراض الذهانية لديك، كالشعور بالارتياب ، اتّصل بطبيبك على الفور؛

-       الهوس الاكتئابي (تناوب الشعور بالابتهاج/فرط النشاط والاكتئاب). إذا بدأتَ تشعر بالابتهاج أو بالحماس الزائد، توقّف عن تناول ريميرون واتّصل بطبيبك على الفور؛

-       داء السكّري (لعلّك ستحتاج إلى ضبط جرعة الانسولين أو غيرها من أدوية السكّري التي تتناولها)؛

-       مرض في العينين، مثل ارتفاع ضغط العين (المياه الزرقاء)؛

-       صعوبة في التبوّل، الناجمة ربّما عن تضخّم البروستات؛

-       بعض أمراض القلب التي تؤدي إلى تبدّل ضربات القلب، نوبة قلبية حديثة، قصور القلب، أو تناول بعض الأدوية التي تؤثّر على ضربات القلب.

·       إذا برزت لديك علامات العدوى مثل الحمّى غير المبررة أو التهاب الحلق أو تقرّحات الفم.

¬   توقّف عن تناول ريميرون واستشر طبيبك على الفور لإجراء فحص دم.

في حالات نادرة قد تشير هذه الأعراض إلى خلل في تكوّن خلايا الدم في النخاع العظمي. وهي أعراض نادرة تظهر عادة بعد 4-6 أسابيع من العلاج.

·       إذا كنتَ متقدّمًا في السن. من المحتمل أن تكونَ أكثر عرضةً للإصابة بالآثار الجانبية لمضادّات الاكتئاب.

·       تم الإبلاغ عن التالي بعد تناول ريميرون، ردود الفعل الجلدية الخطيرة بما في ذلك متلازمة ستيفنز جونسون (SJS), تقشر الانسجة المتموتة البشروية التسممي  (TEN) ورد فعل الأدوية مع كثرة اليوزينيات . توقف عن استخدام  ريميرون وإطلب الرعاية الطبية فورا إذا لاحظت أي من الأعراض المذكورة في القسم 4 فيما يتعلق بهذه التفاعلات الجلدية الخطيرة. إذا تعرضت لأي من أي ردود فعل الجلد الشديدة، لا ينبغي إعادة استخدام ريميرون.

 

تناول ريميرون بالتزامن مع أدوية أخرى

أخبر طبيبك أو الصيدلي إن كنتَ تتناول أو تناولتَ مؤخرًا أو ستتناول أية أدوية أخرى.

 

لا تأخذ ريميرون بالتزامن مع:

·       مثبطات أكسيداز أحادي الأمين (مثبطات MOA). بالإضافة لذلك، لا تتناول ريميرون على مدى أسبوعين بعد التوّقف عن تناول مثبّطات MOA. وإذا توقّفت عن تناول ريميرون، لا تتناول مثبّطات MOA خلال الأسبوعين اللاحقين أيضًا.

تشمل مثبّطات  MOA الموكلوبيميد، الترانيلسيبرومين (كلاهما مضادّات للاكتئاب) والسيليجلين (يُستعمل لعلاج  الشلل الرعاشي).

 

توخّ الحذر عند تناول ريميرون بالتزامن مع:

·      مضادّات الاكتئاب مثل مثبّطات استرجاع السيروتونين الانتقائية (SSRIs)، الفينلافاكسين و التريبتوفان أو أدوية التريبتان (المستعملة لعلاج الصداع)، الترامادول (مسكّن الالم)، اللينزوليد (مضادّ حيوي)، الليثيوم (يُستعمل لعلاج بعض الاضطرابات النفسية)، زرقة الميثيلين (يُستعمل لتخفيض مستويات الميتهيموغلوبين في الدم) ونبتة سانت جون – العرن المثقوب (مستحضر أعشاب لعلاج الاكتئاب). في حالات نادرة جدًا يمكن لريميرون عند استعماله منفردًا أو بالتزامن مع تلك الأدوية أن يؤدّي إلى ما يُسمّى متلازمة السيروتونين، والتي تشمل أعراضها: حمّى غير مبررة، تعرّق، تسارع ضربات القلب، إسهال، تشنجات عضلية (لا يمكن السيطرة عليها) ، ارتعاش، ردود الأفعال المفرطة ، تململ، تغيّر في المزاج وفقدان الوعي. إذا أصبتَ بمزيج من تلك الأعراض أخبر طبيبك على الفور.

·      مضاد الاكتئاب نيفازودون. بإمكانه أن يزيد كمّية الريميرون في الدم لديك. أخبر طبيبك إن كنت تتناول هذا الدواء. ربّما ستحتاج إلى تخفيض جرعة الريميرون، أو زيادة جرعة الريميرون مجدّدًا بعد التوقّف عن استعمال النيفازودون.

·      الأدوية المستعملة لعلاج القلق أو الأرق مثل البنزوديازيبين؛

الأدوية المستعملة لعلاج الفصام مثل الأولانزابين؛

الأدوية المستعملة لعلاج الحساسية مثل السيتيريزين؛

الأدوية المستعملة للآلام الحادّة مثل المورفين.

فاستعمال ريميرون بالتزامن مع هذه الأدوية يزيد من حدّة النعاس الذي تسبّبه تلك الأدوية.

·       الأدوية المستعملة لعلاج العدوى؛ الأدوية المستعملة لعلاج الالتهابات البكتيرية (مثل الأريثروميسين)، أدوية الالتهابات الفطرية (مثل الكيتوكونازول)، أدوية فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية/الأيدز (مثل مثبّطات الأنزيم البروتيني المستعملة في علاج HIV) وأدوية تقرّحات المعدة (مثل السيميتيدين).

عند استعمال هذه الأدوية بالتزامن مع ريميرون، يمكن أن يرتفع مستوى ريميرون في الدم لديك. أخبر طبيبك إن كنت تتناول تلك الأدوية. لعلّك ستحتاج إلى تحفيض جرعة ريميرون، أو زيادة جرعة ريميرون مجدّدًا بعد التوقّف عن تناول تلك الأدوية.

·      أدوية الصرع مثل الكاربامازيمين و الفينيتوين؛

         أدوية السل مثل الريفامبيسين.

عند استعمال هذه الأدوية بالتزامن مع ريميرون، يمكن أن ينخفض مستوى ريميرون في الدم لديك. أخبر طبيبك إن كنت تتناول تلك الأدوية. لعلك ستحتاج إلى زيادة جرعة ريميرون، أو تخفيض جرعة ريميرون مجدّدًا بعد التوقف عن تناول تلك الأدوية.

·      أدوية الوقاية من تخثّر الدم مثل الوارفارين.

         بإمكان ريميرون أن يزيد تأثير الوارفارين على الدم. أخبر طبيبك إن كنت تستعمل هذا الدواء. في حال استعمال هذين الدواءين معًا يستحسن أن يقوم الطبيب بمراقبة دمك عن كثب.

·      الأدوية التي تؤثّر على ضربات القلب مثل بعض أنواع المضادّات الحيوية ومضادّات الذهان.

 

ريميرون مع الأكل والكحول

من الممكن أن تشعر بالنعاس إن تناولتَ الكحول أثناء علاجك بريميرون.

يستحسن الامتناع عن تناول أيّة مشروبات كحولية.

يمكنك تناول ريميرون مع الأكل أو بدونه.

 

الحمل والرضاعة

إذا كنتِ حاملاً أو مرضعًا، أو إذا كنتِ تعتقدين أنّك حامل أو تنوين الحمل، استشيري طبيبك أو الصيدلي قبل تناول هذا الدواء.

لم تظهر مخاطر إضافية لدى الاستعمال المحدود لريميرون مع النساء الحوامل. ومع ذلك يُوصى بتوخّي الحيطة والحذر عند استعماله أثناء الحمل.

إذا استعملتِ ريميرون حتّى موعد الولادة أو حتى اقتراب موعد الولادة، ينبغي مراقبة الآثار الجانبية التي يحتمل أن تظهر لدى طفلك.

إن استعمال أدوية مشابهة لريميرون (مثبطات السيروتونين) أثناء الحمل من شأنه زيادة خطر الإصابة بحالة مرضية خطيرة لدى الرضّع تُعرف بارتفاع ضغط الدم الرئوي المستمر عند حديثي الولادة (PPHN) وهي حالة تؤدّي إلى تسارع وتيرة التنفّس وازرقاق الرضيع. تبدأ تلك الأعراض عادة خلال الأربع وعشرين ساعة التالية للولادة. إذا ظهرت تلك الأعراض على طفلك، عليك الاتّصال بالقابلة و/أو الطبيب على الفور.

 

قيادة السيارات والآليات

يمكن لريميرون أن يخفّف من قدرتك على التركيز أو اليقظة. تأكّد من عدم تأثّر تلك القدرات لديك قبل قيادة السيارات أو الآليات. إذا وصف طبيبك ريميرون لمريض دون 18 سنة تأكّد من سلامة التركيز واليقظة لديه قبل التنقّل في الطريق (على دراجة هوائية مثلاً).

 

أقراص ريميرون تحتوي على اللاكتوز.

تحتوي أقراص ريميرون على اللاكتوز. إذا نبّهك طبيبك من عدم قدرتك على تحمّل بعض أنواع السكّر، اتّصل به قبل البدء بتناول هذا العقار.

https://localhost:44358/Dashboard

يجب تناول هذا الدواء تمامًا حسب إرشادات الطبيب أو الصيدلاني. استشر طبيبك أو الصيدلاني إن راودتك أيّة شكوك.

 

الكمية التي يجب تناولها

يُوصى البدء بتناول جرعة من 15 أو 30 ملغم كل يوم. وبعد بضعة أيام من المحتمل أن يصف لك طبيبك الجرعة الأنسب لك (بين 15 و 45 ملغم في اليوم). بوجه عام لا تتبدّل جرعة الدواء حسب العمر، ولكنّ الطبيب قد  يعدل الجرعة إن كنت مسنًا أو تعاني من مرض في الكلى أو الكبد.

 

متى يجب تناول ريميرون

¬   يجب تناول ريميرون في نفس الوقت كل يوم. من الأفضل تناول ريميرون مرة واحدة في اليوم قبل النوم. ولكن من المحتمل أن يطلب منك الطبيب تقسيم الجرعة على مرتين، مرة في الصباح ومرة في المساء قبل النوم. يجب تناول الجرعة الأكبر قبل النوم. تناول أقراص الريميرون عن طريق الفم، وابتلع الجرعة التي وصفها لك الطبيب كاملة مع كوب ماء أو عصير.

 

متى يُتوقع أن تبدأ بالتحسّن

بوجه عام، يبدأ مفعول ريميرون بعد مرور أسبوع أو أسبوعَين على بدء العلاج، وستبدأ بالتحسّن بعد 2 إلى 4 أسابيع.

من المهمّ أن تتحدّث مع طبيبك عن آثار ريميرون خلال الأسابيع الأولى من العلاج:

¬   بعد مرور 2 إلى 4 أسابيع على بداية العلاج بريميرون، تحدّث مع طبيبك عن تأثير الدواء عليك.

إن لم تشعر بأي تحسّن، من المحتمل أن يصف لك الطبيب جرعة أكبر. في تلك الحالة راجع الطبيب مجددًا بعد مرور 2 إلى 4 أسابيع.

بالعادة ستستمر في تناول ريميرون حتى تزول أعراض الاكتئاب لديك، طيلة 4 إلى 6 أشهر.

 

إذا تناولت جرعة زائدة من ريميرون

¬   إذا قمتَ أنت أو أي مريض آخر بتناول جرعة زائدة من ريميرون، ينبغي الاتّصال بالطبيب على الفور.

من أبرز أعراض الجرعة الزائدة من ريميرون (من دون أدوية أخرى أو كحول) النعاس والارتباك وتسارع ضربات القلب. يمكن لأعراض الجرعة الزائدة أن تشمل التبدّل في ضربات القلب (تسارع أو عدم انتظام ضربات القلب) و/أو الإغماء، وهي أعراض تشير إلى حالة مرضية مميتة تُعرف بلوي النقاط (Torsade de Pointes).

 

إذا نسيت تناول جرعة من ريميرون

إذا كنت تتناول جرعتك مرة في اليوم

·      لا تتناول جرعة مضاعفة للتعويض عن الجرعة الفائتة. تناول الجرعة التالية في موعدها.

 

إذا كنت تتناول جرعتك مرتين في اليوم

·      إذا نسيت الجرعة الصباحية، خذها مع الجرعة المسائية.

·      إذا نسيت الجرعة المسائية، لا تأخذها مع الجرعة الصباحية لليوم التالي؛ بل فوّت تلك الجرعة وقم بمواصلة الجرعة الصباحية والمسائية المعتادة.

·      إذا نسيت الجرعة الصباحية والجرعة المسائية، لا تحاول التعويض عن الجرعتين. فانس أمرهما وقم بمواصلة الجرعة الصباحية والمسائية المعتادة في اليوم التالي.

 

إذا توقّفتَ عن تناول ريميرون

¬   لا تتوقّف عن تناول ريميرون إلا بالتنسيق مع طبيبك.

إذا أوقفت العلاج باكرًا، من المحتمل أن يعاودك الاكتئاب. تحدّث مع طبيبك عندما يتحسّن الاكتئاب لديك. فهو من يقرر متى يمكن وقف العلاج.

لا تتوقّف فجأة عن تناول ريميرون حتى لو زال الاكتئاب. إذا أوقفت العلاج فجأة، من المحتمل أن تشعر بوعكة أو دوخة أو انفعال أو قلق أوصداع. يمكن تفادي تلك الأعراض بوقف العلاج تدريجيًا، وطبيبك هو من سيرشدك على كيفية تقليل الجرعة تدريجيًا.

 

إذا كانت لديك أيّة أسئلة إضافية حول استعمال هذا الدواء، استشر طبيبك أو الصيدلاني.

على غرار سائر الأدوية، يمكن لهذا الدواء أن يتسبّب بأعراض جانبية، لكنها لا تصيب الجميع.

 

إذا ظهرت لديك أي من الأعراض الجانبية الخطيرة المبينة أدناه، توقّف عن تناول ميرتازابين وراجع طبيبك على الفور.

 

الأعراض الجانبية غير الشائعة  (تصيب لغاية 1  من 100 شخص):

·   الشعور بالابتهاج أو "النشوة" (الهوس)

 

الأعراض الجانبية النادرة (تصيب لغاية 1  من 1000 شخص)

·   اصفرار العينين أو البشرة؛ وهي أعراض تشير إلى خلل في وظيفة الكبد (يرقان)

الأعراض الجانبية غير المعروفة (لا يمكن تقدير وتيرتها بالاستناد إلى البيانات المتاحة):

·   علامات الإصابة بعدوى مثل الحمّى المفاجئة وغير المبررة والتهاب الحلق وتقرّحات الفم (ندرة المحبّيات). وفي حالات نادرة يمكن للميرتازابين أن يؤدّي إلى خلل في تكوّن خلايا الدم (انخفاض نخاع العظم). وتتراجع لدى البعض القدرة على مقاومة العدوى لأنّ الميرتازابين يتسبّب بنقص مؤقّت في كريات الدم البيضاء (قلّة المحبّبات). وفي حالات نادرة يمكن للميرتازابين أيضًا أن يتسبّب بنقص في كريات الدم البيضاء والحمراء كما في الصفائح الدموية (فقر الدم اللاتنسّجي)، ونقص في صفائح الدم (قلّة الصفيحات) أو ارتفاع في عدد كريات الدم البيضاء (كثرة اليوزينيات).

·   نوبات صرع (اختلاجات)

·   مجموعة أعراض مثل الحمّى غير المبرّرة، التعرّق، تسارع ضربات القلب، الإسهال، تقلّصات (لا يمكن السيطرة عليها) في العضل، الارتعاش، فرط ردود الفعل، التململ، تغيّر المزاج، عدم الوعي وزيادة إفراز اللعاب. وفي حالات نادرة جدًا تشير تلك الأعراض إلى الإصابة بمتلازمة السيروتونين.

·   التفكير في أن تؤذي أو تقتل نفسك

·   طفح جلدي شديد:

o  بقع حمراء على الجذع بشكل لطخات أو دوائر  ، وغالبا مع بثور مركزية، تقشير الجلد، قرحة الفم والحلق والأنف والأعضاء التناسلية والعينين. يمكن أن يسبق هذه الطفح الجلدي الخطير الحمى وأعراض تشبه أعراض الإنفلونزا (متلازمة ستيفنز جونسون ، تقشر الانسجة المتموتة البشروية التسممي).

o  طفح جلدي واسع النطاق، وارتفاع درجة حرارة الجسم والغدد الليمفاوية المتورمة (متلازمة فرط الحساسية للادوية او متلازمة تفاعل الأدوية مع كثرة اليوزينيات و الأعراض الشاملة)

 

تشمل الأعراض الجانبية الممكنة للميرتازابين:

الأعراض الجانبية الشائعة جدًا (تصيب أكثر من 1 من كل10 أشخاص)

·      ارتفاع الشهية وزيادة الوزن

·      نعاس  

·      صداع

·      جفاف الفم

 

الأعراض الجانبية الشائعة (تصيب لغاية 1 من كل10 أشخاص)

·   خمول

·   دوخة

·   ارتجاف أو ارتعاش

·   غثيان

·   إسهال

·   تقيؤ

·   إمساك

·   طفح جلدي

·   ألم في المفاصل أو العضلات

·   ألم في الظهر

·   الشعور بالدوخة أو الإغماء عند الوقوف المفاجئ (هبوط ضغط الدم الانتصابي)

·   تورّم (خاصة على مستوى الكاحلين أو القدمين) بسبب احتباس السوائل (وذمة)

·   تعب

·   أحلام اليقظة

·   ارتباك

·   الشعور بالقلق

·   صعوبة في النوم

·   مشاكل الذاكرة، والتي في معظم الحالات تم علاجها عند توقف العلاج

 

الأعراض الجانبية غير الشائعة (تصيب لغاية 1 من كل100 شخص)

·   شعور غير اعتيادي على مستوى البشرة، مثل الحرقة، الوخز، الدغدغة، التنميل (مذل)

·   تململ الساقين

·   إغماء (غشي)

·   الشعور بالخدر في الفم (نقص الحس في الفم)

·   هبوط ضغط الدم

·   كوابيس

·   الشعور بالانفعال و الهلوسة

·   رغبة قوية في الحركة

 

الأعراض الجانبية النادرة (تصيب لغاية 1 على 1000 شخص):

·       ارتعاش أو تقلص العضل (رمع عضلي)

·       عدوانية

·       ألم في البطن وغثيان، ما يشير إلى احتمال التهاب البنكرياس

 

الأعراض الجانبية غير المعروفة (لا يمكن تقدير وتيرتها بالاستناد إلى البيانات المتاحة)

·   أحاسيس غير طبيعية في الفم (مذل حول الفم)

·   تورم الفم (وذمة في الفم)

·   تورم كامل الجسم (وذمة شاملة)

·   تورم موضعي

·   نقص صوديوم الدم

·   خلل في إفراز الهرمون المضاد لإدرار البول

·   تفاعلات جلدية حادة (التهاب الجلد الفقاعي، الحمامي عديدة الأشكال)

·   المشي خلال النوم (السير النومي)

·   اضطراب النطق

·   ارتفاع مستويات كيناز الكرياتينين في الدم

·   صعوبة في التبوّل (احتباس البول)

·   ألم في العضلات، تصلب و/أو ضعف (انحلال الربيدات)، اسوداد أو تغير لون البول (انحلال الربيدات)

·   إنخفاض مستوى الصوديوم بالدم (نقص صوديوم بالدم)

·   زيادة مستوى هرمون البرولاكتين في الدم (فرط برولاكتينالدما، بما في ذلك أعراض تضخم الثديين و / أو إفرازات الحليب من الحلمة)

·   الانتصاب المؤلم الطويل للقضيب

 

أعراض جانبية أخرى تصيب الأطفال والمراهقين

أفادت التجارب السريرية عن حدوث الآثار الجانبية الشائعة التالية لدى الأطفال دون 18 سنة: زيادة ملحوظة في الوزن، شرى وارتفاع الدهون الثلاثية في الدم.

 

الابلاغ عن الأعراض الجانبيّة المحتملة:

اتّصل بالطبيب أو الصيدلي أو الممرض في حال تعرّضك لأي أعراض جانبيّة محتملة بالإضافة إلى تلك غير المذكورة في هذه النشرة. يمكنك الإبلاغ عن الأعراض الجانبيّة مباشرة من خلال " المركز الوطني للتيقظ والسلامة الدوائية، التابع للهيئة العامة للغذاء والدواء"

 يُمكنك تأمين المزيد من المعلومات حول سلامة هذا الدواء من خلال الابلاغ عن الأعراض الجانبيّة.

يحفظ هذا الدواء بعيدًا عن متناول أيدي ومرأى الأطفال.

لا تستعمل هذا الدواء بعد تاريخ انتهاء الصلاحية المدون على العلبة والرقاقة. يشير تاريخ انتهاء الصلاحية إلى آخر يوم من الشهر.

يُحفظ عند درجة حرارة أقل من ٣۰ درجة مئوية.

يُحفظ في العبوة الأصلية لحمايته من الضوء و الرطوبة

لا تتخلص من الأدوية في المراحيض أو النفايات المنزلية.

اسأل الصيدلي عن كيفية التخلص من الأدوية التي لا تستعملها، فهذه الإجراءات تساعد في حماية البيئة.

·       المادة الفعالة هي الميرتازابين.

يحتوي كل قرص من ريميرون 30 ملغم أقراص المغلفة على 30 ملغم من الميرتازابين.

·       تشمل المكونات الأخرى:

محتويات القرص: نشاء الذرة، الهيبرولوز، ستيرات المغنيسيوم، السيليكا اللامائية الغروية، مونوهيدرات اللاكتوز.

غشاء القرص: الهيبروميلوز، ماكروغول 8000، ثاني أكسيد التيتانيوم (E171)

بالإضافة إلى ذلك يحتوي غشاء أقراص ريميرون 30 ملغم المغلفة على أكسيد حديد أصفر (E172) وأكسيد حديد أحمر (E 172).

ريميرون عبارة عن أقراص مغلفة.

 أقراص ريميرون 30 ملغم المغلفة بيضاوية الشكل، ثنائية التحدب، بنية اللون مائلة إلى الأحمر، مشطورة ومدوّن عليها عبارة MSD من جهة وعبارة TZ5 من الجهة الأخرى على شطري القرص.

يمكن شطر القرص إلى قسمين متساويين.

أقراص ريميرون المغلفة 30 ملغم محفوظة في أشرطةأو قوارير.

إن أقراص ريميرون 30 ملغم المحفوظة في أشرطة متوافرة في الأحجام التالية: 10، 20، 30، 50، 60، 90، 100، 200 و 500 قرص؛  14، 28، 56 و 70 قرص؛ أما أقراص ريميرون 30 ملغم المحفوظة في قوارير فتتوافر في قارورة سعتها 250 قرص (لا يتم تسويق كافة الأحجام).

المالكة لحقوق التسويق:

٥۳٤۹ اي بي ، إن.في.أورجانون، كلوسترسترات ٦ اوس،

صندوق بريد ۲۰ ، هولندا

 

 

الشركة الصانعة:

ميرك شارب ودوم المحدودة ، شوتون لين،

كراملينجتون ،نورثمبرلاند  ،

إن إي 23 3جي يو،

المملكة المتحدة

 

التغليف بواسطة:

فارما للصناعات الدوائية

المنطقة الصناعية الثانية،

ص ب: ١١٣٥١ الرياض، المملكة العربية السعودية

تمت مراجعة هذه النشرة في مارس 2021. للإبلاغ عن الأعراض الجانبية: • المملكة العربية السعودية: المركز الوطني للتيقظ والسلامة الدوائية فاكس: +966-11-205-7662 للاتصال بالادارة التنفيذية للتيقظ و ادارة الازمات . هاتف: +966-11-20382222 تحويلة: 2317-2356-2353-2354-2334-2340 الهاتف المجاني: 8002490000 البريد الالكتروني: npc.drug@sfda.gov.sa الموقع الالكتروني: www.sfda.gov.sa/npc • دول الخليج الأخرى الرجاء الاتصال بالمؤسسات و الهيئات الوطنية في كل دولة. (إن هذا الدواء) - الدواء مستحضر يؤثر على صحتك واستهلاكه خِلافًا للتعليمات يعرضك للخطر - اتبع بدقة وصفة الطبيب وطريقة الاستعمال المنصوص عليها وتعليمات الصيدلاني الذي صرفها لك - إن الطبيب والصيدلاني هما الخبيران بالدواء وبنفعه وضرره - لا تقطع مدة العلاج المحددة لك من تلقاء نفسك - لا تكرر صرف الدواء بدون استشارة الطبيب - لا تترك الأدوية في متناول أيدي الأطفال مجلس وزراء الصحه العرب و اتحاد الصيادلة العرب تمت الموافقة على نشرة المعلومات هذه للمريض من قبل الهيئة العامة للغذاء والدواء السعودية
 Read this leaflet carefully before you start using this product as it contains important information for you

BLACK BOX WARNING SUICIDALITY AND ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS Antidepressants increased the risk compared to placebo of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. Anyone considering the use of mirtazapine tablets or any other antidepressant in a child, adolescent or young adult must balance this risk with the clinical need. Short-term studies did not show an increase in the risk of suicidality with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults beyond age 24; there was a reduction in risk with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults aged 65 and older. Depression and certain other psychiatric disorders are themselves associated with increases in the risk of suicide. Patients of all ages who are started on antidepressant therapy should be monitored appropriately and observed closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior. Families and caregivers should be advised of the need for close observation and communication with the prescriber. Mirtazapine tablets, is not approved for use in pediatric patients. 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Remeron 30 mg film-coated tablets

Each Remeron 30 mg film-coated tablet contains 30 mg of mirtazapine. Excipient(s) with known effect: Each Remeron 30 mg film-coated tablet contains 217 mg lactose (as monohydrate). For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

Film-coated tablet. 30 mg film-coated tablet: Oval, biconvex, red-brown, scored and marked with ‘MSD’ on one side-and a code on the other side (TZ5) on both sides of the score. The tablet can be divided into equal halves.

Remeron is indicated in adults for the treatment of episodes of major depression.


Posology

 

Adults

The effective daily dose is usually between 15 and 45 mg; the starting dose is 15 or 30 mg. Mirtazapine begins to exert its effect in general after 1-2 weeks of treatment. Treatment with an adequate dose should result in a positive response within 2-4 weeks. With an insufficient response,

 

the dose can be increased up to the maximum dose. If there is no response within a further 2-4 weeks, then treatment should be stopped.

 

Patients with depression should be treated for a sufficient period of at least 6 months to ensure that they are free from symptoms.

 

It is recommended to discontinue treatment with mirtazapine gradually to avoid withdrawal symptoms (see section 4.4).

 

ElderlyOlder people

 

The recommended dose is the same as that for adults. In elderly patients an increase in dosing should be done under close supervision to elicit a satisfactory and safe response.

 

Renal impairment

The clearance of mirtazapine may be decreased in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <40 ml/min). This should be taken into account when prescribing Remeron to this category of patients (see section 4.4).

 

Hepatic impairment

The clearance of mirtazapine may be decreased in patients with hepatic impairment. This should be taken into account when prescribing Remeron to this category of patients, particularly with severe hepatic impairment, as patients with severe hepatic impairment have not been investigated (see section 4.4).

 

Paediatric population

Remeron should not be used in children and adolescents under the age of 18 years as efficacy was not demonstrated in two short-term clinical trials (see section 5.1) and because of safety concerns (see sections 4.4, 4.8 and 5.1).

 

Method of administration

 

Mirtazapine has an elimination half-life of 20-40 hours and therefore Remeron is suitable for once daily administration. It should be taken preferably as a single night-time dose before going to bed. Remeron may also be given in two divided doses (once in the morning and once at night-time, the higher dose should be taken at night).

The tablets should be taken orally, with fluid, and swallowed without chewing.


Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1. Concomitant use of mirtazapine with monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (see section 4.5).

Paediatric population

Remeron should not be used in the treatment of children and adolescents under the age of 18 years. Suicide-related behaviours (suicide attempt and suicidal thoughts), and hostility (predominantly aggression, oppositional behaviour and anger) were more frequently observed in clinical trials among children and adolescents treated with antidepressants compared to those treated with placebo. If, based on clinical need, a decision to treat is nevertheless taken, the patient should be carefully monitored for the appearance of suicidal symptoms. In addition, long-term safety data in children and adolescents concerning growth, maturation and cognitive and behavioural development are lacking.

 

Suicide/suicidal thoughts or clinical worsening

Depression is associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts, self harm and suicide (suicide- related events). This risk persists until significant remission occurs. As improvement may not occur

 

during the first few weeks or more of treatment, patients should be closely monitored until such improvement occurs. It is general clinical experience that the risk of suicide may increase in the early stages of recovery.

Patients with a history of suicide-related events or those exhibiting a significant degree of suicidal ideation prior to commencement of treatment are known to be at greater risk of suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts, and should receive careful monitoring during treatment. A meta-analysis of placebo- controlled clinical trials of antidepressants in adult patients with psychiatric disorders showed an increased risk of suicidal behaviour with antidepressants compared to placebo in patients less than

25 years old.

Close supervision of patients and in particular those at high risk should accompany therapy with antidepressants especially in early treatment and following dose changes. Patients (and caregivers of patients) should be alerted about the need to monitor for any clinical worsening, suicidal behaviour or thoughts and unusual changes in behaviour and to seek medical advice immediately if these symptoms present.

With regard to the chance of suicide, in particular at the beginning of treatment, onlythe smallest amount of Remeron film-coated tablets should be given to the patient consistent with good patient management, in order to reduce the risk of overdose.

 

Bone marrow depression

Bone marrow depression, usually presenting as granulocytopenia or agranulocytosis, has been reported during treatment with Remeron. Reversible agranulocytosis has been reported as a rare occurrence in clinical studies with Remeron. In the post-marketing period with Remeron very rare cases of agranulocytosis have been reported, mostly reversible, but in some cases fatal. Fatal cases mostly concerned patients with an age above 65. The physician should be alert for symptoms like fever, sore throat, stomatitis or other signs of infection; when such symptoms occur, treatment should be stopped and blood counts taken.

 

Jaundice

Treatment should be discontinued if jaundice occurs.

 

Conditions which need supervision

Careful dosing as well as regular and close monitoring is necessary in patients with:

-             epilepsy and organic brain syndrome: Although clinical experience indicates that epileptic seizures are rare during mirtazapine treatment, as with other antidepressants, Remeron should be introduced cautiously in patients who have a history of seizures. Treatment should be discontinued in any patient who develops seizures, or where there is an increase in seizure frequency.

-             hepatic impairment: Following a single 15 mg oral dose of mirtazapine, the clearance of mirtazapine was approximately 35 % decreased in mild to moderate hepatically impaired patients, compared to subjects with normal hepatic function. The average plasma concentration of mirtazapine was about 55 %increased.

-             renal impairment: Following a single 15 mg oral dose of mirtazapine, in patients with moderate (creatinine clearance <40 ml/min) and severe (creatinine clearance £ 10 ml/min) renal impairment the clearance of mirtazapine was about 30 % and 50 % decreased respectively, compared to normal subjects. The average plasma concentration of mirtazapine was about 55 % and 115 % increased respectively. No significant differences were found in patients with mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance <80 ml/min) as compared to the control group.

-             cardiac diseases like conduction disturbances, angina pectoris and recent myocardial infarction, where normal precautions should be taken and concomitant medicines carefully administered.

-             low blood pressure.

-             diabetes mellitus: In patients with diabetes, antidepressants may alter glycaemic control. Insulin and/or oral hypoglycaemic dosage may need to be adjusted and close monitoring is recommended.

 

Like with other antidepressants, the following should be taken into account:

-             Worsening of psychotic symptoms can occur when antidepressants are administered to patients with schizophrenia or other psychotic disturbances; paranoid thoughts can be intensified

-             When the depressive phase of bipolar disorder is being treated, it can transform into the manic phase. Patients with a history of mania/hypomania should be closely monitored. Mirtazapine should be discontinued in any patient entering a manic phase.

-             Although Remeron is not addictive, post-marketing experience shows that abrupt termination of treatment after long term administration may sometimes result in withdrawal symptoms. The majority of withdrawal reactions are mild and self-limiting. Among the various reported withdrawal symptoms, dizziness, agitation, anxiety, headache and nausea are the most frequently reported. Even though they have been reported as withdrawal symptoms, it should be realized that these symptoms may be related to the underlying disease. As advised in

section 4.2, it is recommended to discontinue treatment with mirtazapine gradually.

-             Care should be taken in patients with micturition disturbances like prostate hypertrophy and in patients with acute narrow-angle glaucoma and increased intra-ocular pressure (although there is little chance of problems with Remeron because of its very weak anticholinergic activity).

-             Akathisia/psychomotor restlessness: The use of antidepressants have been associated with the development of akathisia, characterized by a subjectively unpleasant or distressing restlessness and need to move often accompanied by an inability to sit or stand still. This is most likely to occur within the first few weeks of treatment. In patients who develop these symptoms, increasing the dose may be detrimental.

-             Cases of QT prolongation, Torsades de Pointes, ventricular tachycardia, and sudden death, have been reported during the post-marketing use of mirtazapine. The majority of reports occurred in association with overdose or in patients with other risk factors for QT prolongation, including concomitant use of QTc prolonging medicines (see section 4.5 and section 4.9). Caution should be exercised when Remeron is prescribed in patients with known cardiovascular disease or family history of QT prolongation, and in concomitant use with other medicinal products thought to prolong the QTc interval.

 

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), bullous dermatitis and erythema multiforme, which can be life-threatening or fatal, have been reported in association with Remeron treatment.

If signs and symptoms suggestive of these reactions appear, Remeron should be withdrawn immediately.

If the patient has developed one of these reactions with the use of Remeron, treatment with Remeron must not be restarted in this patient at any time.

 

Hyponatraemia

Hyponatraemia, probably due to inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), has been reported very rarely with the use of mirtazapine. Caution should be exercised in patients at risk, such as elderly patients or patients concomitantly treated with medications known to cause hyponatraemia.

 

Serotonin syndrome

Interaction with serotonergic active substances: serotonin syndrome may occur when selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used concomitantly with other serotonergic active substances (see section 4.5). Symptoms of serotonin syndrome may be hyperthermia, rigidity, myoclonus, autonomic instability with possible rapid fluctuations of vital signs, mental status changes that include confusion, irritability and extreme agitation progressing to delirium and coma. Caution should be advised and a closer clinical monitoring is required when these active substances are combined with mirtazapine. Treatment with mirtazapine should be discontinued if such events occur and supportive symptomatic treatment initiated. From post-marketing experience it appears that serotonin syndrome occurs very rarely in patients treated with Remeron alone (see section 4.8).

 

 

Elderly

Elderly are often more sensitive, especially with regard to the undesirable effects of antidepressants. During clinical research with Remeron, undesirable effects have not been reported more often in elderly patients than in other age groups.

 

Lactose

This medicinal product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, total lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.

 

1.1       Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

 

Pharmacodynamic interactions

·            Mirtazapine should not be administered concomitantly with MAO inhibitors or within two weeks after discontinuation of MAO inhibitor therapy. In the opposite way about two weeks should pass before patients treated with mirtazapine should be treated with MAO inhibitors (see section 4.3).

In addition, as with SSRIs, co-administration with other serotonergic active substances (L- tryptophan, triptans, tramadol, linezolid, methylene blue, SSRIs, venlafaxine, lithium and

St. John’s Wort – Hypericum perforatum – preparations) may lead to an incidence of serotonin associated effects (serotonin syndrome: see section 4.4). Caution should be advised and a closer clinical monitoring is required when these active substances are combined with mirtazapine.

·            Mirtazapine may increase the sedating properties of benzodiazepines and other sedatives (notably most antipsychotics, antihistamine H1 antagonists, opioids). Caution should be exercised when these medicinal products are prescribed together with mirtazapine.

·            Mirtazapine may increase the CNS depressant effect of alcohol. Patients should therefore be advised to avoid alcoholic beverages while taking mirtazapine.

·            Mirtazapine dosed at 30 mg once daily caused a small but statistically significant increase in  the international normalized ratio (INR) in subjects treated with warfarin. As at a higher dose of mirtazapine a more pronounced effect cannot be excluded, it is advisable to monitor the INR in case of concomitant treatment of warfarin with mirtazapine.

·            The risk of QT prolongation and/or ventricular arrhythmias (e.g. Torsades de Pointes) may be increased with concomitant use of medicines which prolong the QTc interval (e.g. some antipsychotics and antibiotics).

 

Pharmacokinetic interactions

·            Carbamazepine and phenytoin, CYP3A4 inducers, increased mirtazapine clearance about twofold, resulting in a decrease in average plasma mirtazapine concentration of 60 % and 45 %, respectively. When carbamazepine or any other inducer of hepatic metabolism (such as rifampicin) is added to mirtazapine therapy, the mirtazapine dose may have to be increased. If treatment with such medicinal product is discontinued, it may be necessary to reduce the mirtazapine dose.

·            Co-administration of the potent CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole increased the peak plasma levels and the AUC of mirtazapine by approximately 40 % and 50 % respectively.

·            When cimetidine (weak inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) is administered with mirtazapine, the mean plasma concentration of mirtazapine may increase more than 50 %. Caution should be exercised and the dose may have to be decreased when co-administering mirtazapine with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, azole antifungals, erythromycin, cimetidine or nefazodone.

·            Interaction studies did not indicate any relevant pharmacokinetic effects on concurrent treatment of mirtazapine with paroxetine, amitriptyline, risperidone or lithium.

 

Paediatric population

Interaction studies have only been performed in adults.

 


Pharmacodynamic interactions

·            Mirtazapine should not be administered concomitantly with MAO inhibitors or within two weeks after discontinuation of MAO inhibitor therapy. In the opposite way about two weeks should pass before patients treated with mirtazapine should be treated with MAO inhibitors (see section 4.3).

In addition, as with SSRIs, co-administration with other serotonergic active substances (L- tryptophan, triptans, tramadol, linezolid, methylene blue, SSRIs, venlafaxine, lithium and

St. John’s Wort – Hypericum perforatum – preparations) may lead to an incidence of serotonin associated effects (serotonin syndrome: see section 4.4). Caution should be advised and a closer clinical monitoring is required when these active substances are combined with mirtazapine.

·            Mirtazapine may increase the sedating properties of benzodiazepines and other sedatives (notably most antipsychotics, antihistamine H1 antagonists, opioids). Caution should be exercised when these medicinal products are prescribed together with mirtazapine.

·            Mirtazapine may increase the CNS depressant effect of alcohol. Patients should therefore be advised to avoid alcoholic beverages while taking mirtazapine.

·            Mirtazapine dosed at 30 mg once daily caused a small but statistically significant increase in  the international normalized ratio (INR) in subjects treated with warfarin. As at a higher dose of mirtazapine a more pronounced effect cannot be excluded, it is advisable to monitor the INR in case of concomitant treatment of warfarin with mirtazapine.

·            The risk of QT prolongation and/or ventricular arrhythmias (e.g. Torsades de Pointes) may be increased with concomitant use of medicines which prolong the QTc interval (e.g. some antipsychotics and antibiotics).

 

Pharmacokinetic interactions

·            Carbamazepine and phenytoin, CYP3A4 inducers, increased mirtazapine clearance about twofold, resulting in a decrease in average plasma mirtazapine concentration of 60 % and 45 %, respectively. When carbamazepine or any other inducer of hepatic metabolism (such as rifampicin) is added to mirtazapine therapy, the mirtazapine dose may have to be increased. If treatment with such medicinal product is discontinued, it may be necessary to reduce the mirtazapine dose.

·            Co-administration of the potent CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole increased the peak plasma levels and the AUC of mirtazapine by approximately 40 % and 50 % respectively.

·            When cimetidine (weak inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) is administered with mirtazapine, the mean plasma concentration of mirtazapine may increase more than 50 %. Caution should be exercised and the dose may have to be decreased when co-administering mirtazapine with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, azole antifungals, erythromycin, cimetidine or nefazodone.

·            Interaction studies did not indicate any relevant pharmacokinetic effects on concurrent treatment of mirtazapine with paroxetine, amitriptyline, risperidone or lithium.

 

Paediatric population

Interaction studies have only been performed in adults.


Pregnancy

Limited data of the use of mirtazapine in pregnant women do not indicate an increased risk for congenital malformations. Studies in animals have not shown any teratogenic effects of clinical relevance, however developmental toxicity has been observed (see section 5.3). Epidemiological data have suggested that the use of SSRIs in pregnancy, particularly in late pregnancy, may increase the risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn (PPHN). Although no studies have investigated the association of PPHN to mirtazapine treatment, this

 

potential risk cannot be ruled out taking into account the related mechanism of action (increase in serotonin concentrations).

Caution should be exercised when prescribing to pregnant women. If Remeron is used until, or shortly before birth, postnatal monitoring of the newborn is recommended to account for possible discontinuation effects.

 

Breast-feeding

Animal studies and limited human data have shown excretion of mirtazapine in breast milk only in very small amounts. A decision on whether to continue/discontinue breast-feeding or to continue/discontinue therapy with Remeron should be made taking into account the benefit of breast- feeding to the child and the benefit of Remeron therapy to the woman

 

Fertility

Non-clinical reproductive toxicity studies in animals did not show any effect on fertility.


Remeron has minor or moderate influence on the ability to drive and use machines. Remeron may impair concentration and alertness (particularly in the initial phase of treatment). Patients should avoid the performance of potentially dangerous tasks, which require alertness and good concentration, such as driving a motor vehicle or operating machinery, at any time when affected.


Depressed patients display a number of symptoms that are associated with the illness itself. It is therefore sometimes difficult to ascertain which symptoms are a result of the illness itself and which are a result of treatment with Remeron.

 

Summary of safety profile

The most commonly reported adverse reactions, occurring in more than 5 % of patients treated with Remeron in randomized placebo-controlled trials (see below) are somnolence, sedation, dry mouth, weight increased, increase in appetite, dizziness and fatigue.

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), bullous dermatitis and erythema multiforme have been reported in association with Remeron treatment (see section 4.4).

 

Tabulated list of adverse reactions

All randomized placebo-controlled trials in patients (including indications other than major depressive disorder), have been evaluated for adverse reactions of Remeron. The meta-analysis considered

20 trials, with a planned duration of treatment up to 12 weeks, with 1,501 patients (134 person years) receiving doses of mirtazapine up to 60 mg and 850 patients (79 person years) receiving placebo.

Extension phases of these trials have been excluded to maintain comparability to placebo treatment. Table 1 shows the categorized incidence of the adverse reactions, which occurred in the clinical trials statistically significantly more frequently during treatment with Remeron than with placebo, added with adverse reactions from spontaneous reporting. The frequencies of the adverse reactions from spontaneous reporting are based on the reporting rate of these events in the clinical trials. The frequency of adverse reactions from spontaneous reporting for which no cases in the randomized placebo-controlled patient trials were observed with mirtazapine has been classified as ‘not known’.

 

 

 

Table 1. Adverse reactions of Remeron

System organ class

Very common (≥1/10)

Common (≥1/100 to

<1/10)

Uncommon (≥1/1,000 to

<1/100)

Rare (≥1/10,000 to

<1/1,000)

Frequency not known (cannot be estimated

from the available data)

Blood and the lymphatic system disorders

 

 

 

 

■    Bone marrow depression (granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, thrombocytopenia)

■    Eosinophilia

Endocrine disorders

 

 

 

 

■    Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

■    Hyperprolactinemia (and related symptoms galactorrhea and

gynecomastia)

Metabolism and nutrition disorders

■       Weight increased1

■    Increase in

appetite1

 

 

 

■    Hyponatraemia

Psychiatric disorders

 

■    Abnormal dreams

■    Confusion

■       Anxiety2, 5

■       Insomnia3, 5

■       Nightmares2

■    Mania

■       Agitation2

■    Hallucinations

■    Psychomotor restlessness (incl. akathisia,

hyperkinesia)

■    Aggression

■       Suicidal ideation6

■       Suicidal behaviour6

■    Somnambulism

Nervous system disorders

■       Somnolence1, 4

■       Sedation1, 4

■       Headache2

■       Lethargy1

■    Dizziness

■    Tremor

■    Amnesia7

■       Paraesthesia2

■    Restless legs

■    Syncope

■    Myoclonus

■    Convulsions (insults)

■    Serotonin syndrome

■    Oral paresthaesia

■    Dysarthria

Vascular disorders

 

■    Orthostatic hypotension

■       Hypotension2

 

 

Gastrointestinal disorders

■    Dry mouth

■       Nausea3

■       Diarrhea2

■       Vomiting2

■       Constipation1

■    Oral hypo- aesthesia

■    Pancreatitis

■    Mouth oedema

■    Increased salivation

Hepatobiliary disorders

 

 

 

■    Elevations in serum transaminase

activities

 

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

 

■       Exanthema2

 

 

■    Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

■    Dermatitis bullous

■    Erythema multiforme

■    Toxic epidermal necrolysis

■    Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms

(DRESS)

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders

 

■    Arthralgia

■    Myalgia

■       Back pain1

 

 

■     Rhabdomyolysis

 

System organ class

Very common (≥1/10)

Common (≥1/100 to

<1/10)

Uncommon (≥1/1,000 to

<1/100)

Rare (≥1/10,000 to

<1/1,000)

Frequency not known (cannot be estimated from the available

data)

Renal and urinary disorders

 

 

 

 

■    Urinary retention

Reproductive system and breast

disorders

 

 

 

 

■    Priapism

General disorders and

administration site conditions

 

■       Oedema peripheral1

■    Fatigue

 

 

■    Generalised oedema

■    Localised oedema

Investigations

 

 

 

 

■    Increased creatine

kinase

1 In clinical trials these events occurred statistically significantly more frequently during treatment with Remeron than with placebo.

2 In clinical trials these events occurred more frequently during treatment with placebo than with Remeron, however not statistically significantly more frequently.

3 In clinical trials these events occurred statistically significantly more frequently during treatment with placebo than with Remeron.

4N.B. dose reduction generally does not lead to less somnolence/sedation but can jeopardize antidepressant efficacy.

5 Upon treatment with antidepressants in general, anxiety and insomnia (which may be symptoms of depression) can develop or become aggravated. Under mirtazapine treatment, development or aggravation of anxiety and insomnia has been reported. 6 Cases of suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviours have been reported during mirtazapine therapy or early after treatment discontinuation (see section 4.4).

7 In most cases patients recovered after drug withdrawal.

 

 

In laboratory evaluations in clinical trials transient increases in transaminases and gamma- glutamyltransferase have been observed (however associated adverse events have not been reported statistically significantly more frequently with Remeron than with placebo).

 

Paediatric population

The following adverse events were observed commonly in clinical trials in children: weight gain, urticaria and hypertriglyceridaemia (see also section 5.1).

 

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorization of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via:

 

To report any side effect(s):

·     Saudi Arabia:

The National Pharmacovigilance Centre (NPC):

Fax: +966-11-205-7662

SFDA Call Center: 19999

E-mail: npc.drug@sfda.gov.sa

Website: https://ade.sfda.gov.sa

 

·     Other GCC States:

Please contact the relevant competent authority.

 

 


Present experience concerning overdose with Remeron alone indicates that symptoms are usually mild. Depression of the central nervous system with disorientation and prolonged sedation have been reported, together with tachycardia and mild hyper- or hypotension. However, there is a possibility of more serious outcomes (including fatalities) at dosages much higher than the therapeutic dose, especially with mixed overdoses. In these cases QT prolongation and Torsade de Pointes have also been reported.

Cases of overdose should receive appropriate symptomatic and supportive therapy for vital functions. ECG monitoring should be undertaken. Activated charcoal or gastric lavage should also be considered.

 

Paediatric population

The appropriate actions as described for adults should be taken in case of an overdose in paediatrics.

 


Pharmacotherapeutic group: other antidepressants, ATC code: N06AX11 Mechanism of action/pharmacodynamic effects

Mirtazapine is a centrally active presynaptic a2-antagonist, which increases central noradrenergic and

serotonergic neurotransmission. The enhancement of serotonergic neurotransmission is specifically mediated via 5-HT1 receptors, because 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors are blocked by mirtazapine. Both enantiomers of mirtazapine are presumed to contribute to the antidepressant activity, the S(+) enantiomer by blocking a2 and 5-HT2 receptors and the R(-) enantiomer by blocking 5-HT3 receptors.

 

Clinical efficacy and safety

The histamine H1-antagonistic activity of mirtazapine is associated with its sedative properties. It has practically no anticholinergic activity and, at therapeutic doses, has only limited effects (e.g. orthostatic hypotension) on the cardiovascular system.

 

The effect of Remeron (mirtazapine) on QTc interval was assessed in a randomized, placebo and

moxifloxacin controlled clinical trial involving 54 healthy volunteers using a regular dose of 45 mg

and a supra-therapeutic dose of 75 mg. Linear e-max modelling suggested that prolongation of QTc

intervals remained below the threshold for clinically meaningful prolongation (see section 4.4).

 

Paediatric population

Two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in children aged between 7 and 18 years with major depressive disorder (n=259) using a flexible dose for the first 4 weeks (15-45 mg mirtazapine) followed by a fixed dose (15, 30 or 45 mg mirtazapine) for another 4 weeks failed to demonstrate significant differences between mirtazapine and placebo on the primary and all secondary endpoints. Significant weight gain (≥7 %) was observed in 48.8 % of the Remeron treated subjects compared to

5.7 % in the placebo arm. Urticaria (11.8 % vs. 6.8 %) and hypertriglyceridaemia (2.9% vs. 0 %) were also commonly observed.


Absorption

After oral administration of Remeron, the active substance mirtazapine is rapidly and well absorbed (bioavailability » 50 %), reaching peak plasma levels after approx. two hours. Food intake has no influence on the pharmacokinetics of mirtazapine.

 

Distribution

Binding of mirtazapine to plasma proteins is approx. 85 %.

 

Biotransformation

Major pathways of biotransformation are demethylation and oxidation, followed by conjugation. In vitro data from human liver microsomes indicate that cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 are involved in the formation of the 8-hydroxy metabolite of mirtazapine, whereas CYP3A4 is considered to be responsible for the formation of the N-demethyl and N-oxide metabolites. The demethyl metabolite is pharmacologically active and appears to have the same pharmacokinetic profile as the parent compound.

 

Elimination

Mirtazapine is extensively metabolized and eliminated via the urine and faeces within a few days. The mean half-life of elimination is 20-40 hours; longer half-lives, up to 65 hours, have occasionally been recorded and shorter half-lives have been seen in young men. The half-life of elimination is sufficient to justify once-a-day dosing. Steady state is reached after 3-4 days, after which there is no further accumulation.

 

Linearity/non-linearity

Mirtazapine displays linear pharmacokinetics within the recommended dose range.

 

Special populations

The clearance of mirtazapine may be decreased as a result of renal or hepatic impairment.

 


 

Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential, toxicity to reproduction and development.

In reproductive toxicity studies in rats and rabbits no teratogenic effects were observed. At two-fold systemic exposure compared to maximum human therapeutic exposure, there was an increase in post- implantation loss, decrease in the pup birth weights, and reduction in pup survival during the first three days of lactation in rats.

Mirtazapine was not genotoxic in a series of tests for gene mutation and chromosomal and DNA damage. Thyroid gland tumours found in a rat carcinogenicity study and hepatocellular neoplasms found in a mouse carcinogenicity study are considered to be species-specific, non-genotoxic responses associated with long-term treatment with high doses of hepatic enzyme inducers.


Tablet core: maize starch hyprolose magnesium stearate

silica, colloidal anhydrous lactose monohydrate

 

Tablet coating: hypromellose Macrogol 8000

titanium dioxide (E171)

yellow iron oxide (E172) (30 mg film-coated tablets only) red iron oxide (E172) (30 mg film-coated tablets only)


 

Not applicable.


3 years

Store below 30°

Store in the original package in order to protect from light and moisture


 

Remeron 30 mg film-coated tablets are packed in blisters made of opaque polyvinyl chloride film and aluminium foil containing a heat-seal coating on the side in contact with the film- coated tablets. Blisters containing 7 and 10 film-coated tablets are available.

 

Remeron 30 mg film-coated tablets are also available in HDPE bottles with a tamper- evident LDPE cap.

Bottles contain 250 film-coated tablets.

The following pack sizes are available for the 30 mg film-coated tablets in blisters:

10 (1x10), 20 (2x10), 30 (3x10), 50 (5x10), 60 (6x10), 90 (9x10), 100 (10x10), 200 (20x10) and 500

(50x10) film-coated tablets; 14 (2x7), 28 (4x7), 56 (8x7), and 70 (10x7) film-coated tablets.

 

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.


No special requirements.


Marketing Authorization Holder: N.V. Organon, Kloosterstraat 6, 5349 AB Oss P.O Box 20, The Netherlands Manufacturer: Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd. Shotton Lane, Cramlington, Northumberland NE23 3JU United Kingdom Packed by: Pharma Pharmaceutical Industries, Second Industrial Area, P.O. Box 11351 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

15 March 2021
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