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نشرة الممارس الصحي نشرة معلومات المريض بالعربية نشرة معلومات المريض بالانجليزية صور الدواء بيانات الدواء
  SFDA PIL (Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) are under review by Saudi Food and Drug Authority)


Megamox is an antibiotic and works by killing bacteria that cause infections. It contains two different medicines called amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Amoxicillin belongs to a group of medicines called “penicillin” that can sometimes be stopped from working (made inactive). The other active component (clavulanic acid) stops this from happening.
Megamox is used in babies and children to treat the following infections:

  • middle ear and sinus infections
  • respiratory tract infections
  • urinary tract infections
  • skin and soft tissue infections including dental infections
  • bone and joint infections.


Do not give your child Megamox:

  • If they are allergic to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, penicillin or any of the other ingredients of Megamox (listed in section 6)
  • If they have ever had a severe allergic reaction to any other antibiotic. This can include a skin rash or swelling of the face or throat.
  • If they have ever had liver problems or jaundice (yellowing of the skin) when taking an antibiotic.

Do not give Megamox to your child if any of the above apply to your child. If you are not sure, talk to their doctor or pharmacist before giving Megamox.
 

Warning and precautions
Check with their doctor, pharmacist or nurse before giving your child Megamox if they:

  • Have glandular fever
  • Are being treated for liver or kidney problems
  • Are not passing water regularly.

If you are not sure if any of the above apply to your child, talk to their doctor or pharmacist before giving Megamox.
In some cases, your doctor may investigate the type of bacteria that is causing your child’s infection. Depending on the results, your child may be given a different strength of Megamox or a different medicine.
Conditions you need to look out for
Megamox can make some existing conditions worse, or cause serious side effects. These include allergic reactions, convulsions (fits) and inflammation of the large intestine. You must look out for certain symptoms while your child is taking Megamox, to reduce the risk of any problems. See ‘Conditions you need to look out for’ in Section 4.
 

Blood or urine tests
If your child is having blood tests (such as red blood cell status tests or liver function tests) or urine tests (for glucose), let the doctor or nurse know that they are taking Megamox. This is because Megamox can affect the results of these types of tests.
Other medicines and Megamox
Tell your doctor or pharmacist if your child is taking, has recently taken or might take any other medicines.

  • If your child is taking allopurinol (used for gout) with Megamox, it may be more likely that you’ll have an allergic skin reaction.
  • If your child is taking probenecid (used for gout), his doctor may decide to adjust his dose of Megamox.
  • If medicines to help stop blood clots (such as warfarin) are taken with Megamox then extra blood tests may be needed.
  • Megamox can affect how methotrexate (a medicine used to treat cancer or rheumatic disease) works.
  • Megamox may affect how mycophenolate mofetil (a medicine used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs) works.

Pregnancy and breast feeding
If your child who is about to take this medicine is pregnant or breast-feeding, thinks they may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask their doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking this medicine.
Driving and using machines
Megamox can have side effects and the symptoms may make you unfit to drive. Do not drive or operate machinery unless you are feeling well.
Megamox contains aspartame and maltodextrin:

  • Megamox contains aspartame (E951) which is a source of phenylalanine. This may be harmful for children born with a condition called ’phenylketonuria’.
  • Megamox contains maltodextrin (glucose). If you have been told by your doctor that your child has an intolerance to some sugars, contact your doctor before taking this medicinal product.

 


Always give this medicine exactly as your doctor or pharmacist has told you. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.
Adults and children weighing 40 kg or over
This suspension is not usually recommended for adults and children weighing 40 kg and over. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice.
Children weighing less than 40 kg
All doses are worked out depending on the child’s bodyweight in kilograms.

  • Your doctor will advise you how much Megamox you should give to your baby or child.
  • You may be provided with a measuring cup. You should use this to give the correct dose to your baby or child.
  • Recommended dose – 20 mg/5mg to 60mg/15 mg for each kilogram of body weight a day, given in three divided doses.

Patients with kidney and liver problems

  • If your child has kidney problems the dose might be lowered. A different strength or a different medicine may be chosen by your doctor.
  •  If your child has liver problems they may have more frequent blood tests to see how their liver is working.

How to give Megamox

  • Always shake the bottle well before each dose.
  • Give with a meal
  • Space the doses evenly during the day, at least 4 hours apart. Do not take 2 doses in 1 hour.
  • Do not give your child Megamox for more than 2 weeks. If your child still feels unwell they should go back to see the doctor.

If you give more Megamox than you should
If you give your child too much Megamox, signs might include an upset stomach (feeling sick, being sick or diarrhoea) or convulsions. Talk to their doctor as soon as possible. Take the medicine bottle to show the doctor.
If you forget to give Megamox
If you forget to give your child a dose, give it as soon as you remember. You should not give your child the next dose too soon, but wait about 4 hours before giving the next dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose.
If your child stops taking Megamox
Keep giving your child Megamox until the treatment is finished, even if they feel better. Your child needs every dose to help fight the infection. If some bacteria survive they can cause the infection to come back.
If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor, pharmacist or nurse.


Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. The side effects below may happen with this medicine.
Conditions you need to look out for Allergic reactions:

  • Skin rash.
  •  Inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis) which may be visible as red or purple raised spots on the skin, but can affect other parts of the body.
  • Fever, joint pain, swollen glands in the neck, armpit or groin.
  • Swelling, sometimes of the face or throat (angioedema), causing difficulty in breathing.
  • Collapse.

Contact a doctor immediately if your child gets any of these symptoms. Stop taking Megamox.

  • Inflammation of large intestine

Inflammation of the large intestine, causing watery diarrhoea usually with blood and mucus, stomach pain and/or fever.
Contact your doctor as soon as possible for advice if your child gets these symptoms.
Very common side effects
These may affect more than 1 in 10 people:

  • diarrhoea (in adults).

Common side effects
These may affect up to 1 in 10 people:

  • thrush (candida - a yeast infection of the vagina, mouth or skin folds)
  • feeling sick (nausea), especially when taking high doses. If affected take Megamox with a meal
  • vomiting
  • diarrhoea (in children).

Uncommon side effects
These may affect up to 1 in 100 people:

  • skin rash, itching
  • raised itchy rash (hives)
  • indigestion
  • dizziness
  • Headache.

Uncommon side effects that may show up in blood tests:

  • Increase in some substances (enzymes) produced by the liver.

Rare side effects
These may affect up to 1 in 1000 people:

  •  Skin rash, which may blister, and looks like small targets (central dark spots surrounded by a paler area, with a dark ring around the edge – erythema multiforme).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       If you notice any of these symptoms contact a doctor urgently.

Rare side effects that may show up in blood tests:

  • low number of cells involved in blood clotting
  • Low number of white blood cells.

Frequency not known
Frequency cannot be estimated from available data.

  • Allergic reactions (see above)
  • Inflammation of the large intestine (see above)
  • Inflammation of the protective membrane surrounding the brain (aseptic meningitis)
  • Serious skin reactions:

- A widespread rash with blisters and peeling skin, particularly around the mouth, nose, eyes and genitals (Stevens- Johnson syndrome), and a more severe form, causing extensive peeling of the skin (more than 30% of the body surface-toxic epidermal necrolysis)
- Widespread red skin rash with small pus-containing blisters (bullous exfoliative dermatitis).
- A red, scaly rash with bumps under the skin and blisters (exanthemous pustulosis).
Contact a doctor immediately if your child gets any of these symptoms.

  • inflammation of the liver (hepatitis)
  • Jaundice, caused by increases in the blood of bilirubin (a substance produced in the liver) which may make your child’s skin and whites of the eyes appear yellow
  • inflammation of tubes in the kidney
  • blood takes longer to clot
  • hyperactivity
  •  convulsions (in people taking high doses of Megamox or who have kidney problems)
  • black tongue which looks hairy
  • Stained teeth (in children), usually removed by brushing.

Side effects that may show up in blood or urine tests:

  • severe reduction in the number of white blood cells
  • low number of red blood cells (haemolytic anaemia)
  • Crystals in urine.

If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet.

 


Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children.
Dry powder
Store in the original package in order to protect from moisture.
Store below 30°C.
Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the carton. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month. The expiry date which is stated on the bottle label is for the pharmacist’s use.
Liquid suspension
Store in a refrigerator (2°C - 8°C). Do not freeze.
Once made up, the suspension should be used within 7 days.
Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask our pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help to protect the environment.


What Megamox 156 mg per 5ml suspension contains
The active substances are 125 mg amoxicillin and 31.25 mg clavulanic acid (present as potassium clavulanate) in every 5 ml of suspension.
What Megamox 228 mg per 5ml suspension contains
The active substances are 200 mg amoxicillin and 28.5 mg clavulanic acid (present as potassium clavulanate) in every 5 ml of suspension.
What Megamox 312 mg per 5ml suspension contains
The active substances are 250 mg amoxicillin and 62.5 mg clavulanic acid (present as potassium clavulanate) in every 5 ml of suspension
What Megamox 457 mg per 5ml suspension contains
The active substances are 400 mg amoxicillin and 57 mg clavulanic acid (present as potassium clavulanate) in every 5 ml of suspension.

The other ingredients for suspensions are:
Xanthan Gum (Keltro); Succinic Acid micronized; Colloidal anhydrous silica; Aspartame; Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (Methocel E5); Golden Syrup Flavor; Orange Flavor; Silicon Dioxide (Syloid AL-1-FP).
See also Important information about some of the ingredients in Megamox in section 2.


Megamox 156 mg per 5 ml and 312 mg per 5ml Suspensions are: 100 ml Amber glass bottle containing white to off-white powder. The bottle is supplied in a carton. Megamox 228 mg per 5 ml and 457 mg per 5ml Suspensions are: 70 ml Amber glass bottle containing white to off-white powder. The bottle is supplied in a carton

Jazeera Pharmaceutical Industries

Al-Kharj Road

P.O. BOX 106229

Riyadh 11666, Saudi Arabia

Tel: + (966-1) 4980170

Fax: + (966-1) 4980187

e-mail: medical@jpi.com.sa

 


This leaflet was last revised in January 2018 version number 2.3.
  نشرة الدواء تحت مراجعة الهيئة العامة للغذاء والدواء (اقرأ هذه النشرة بعناية قبل البدء في استخدام هذا المنتج لأنه يحتوي على معلومات مهمة لك)

دواء ميجاموكس هو مضاد حيوي يعمل على قتل البكتيريا التي تسبب العدوى. ويحتوي هذا الدواء على نوعين مختلفين من الأدوية هما أموكسيسيلين وحمض الكلافولانيك. وينتمي دواء أموكسيسيلين إلى مجموعة من الأدوية تُسمى "البنسللين" التي يمكن أن يتوقف مفعولها في بعض الأحيان (تصبح غير نشطة). لذا فإن المكون الفعال الآخر (حمض الكلافولانيك) يمنع حدوث هذا.

يُستخدم دواء ميجاموكس للرضع والأطفال لعلاج الأنواع التالية من العدوى:

  • عدوى الأذن الوسطى والجيوب الأنفية.
  • عدوى الجهاز التنفسي
  • التهابات المسالك البولية
  • عدوى الجلد والأنسجة الرخوة بما ذلك عدوى الأسنان
  • عدوى العظام والمفاصل.

لا تستخدم ميجاموكس لطفلك:

  • إذا كان يعاني من حساسية تجاه مادة الأموكسيسيلين أو حمض الكلافولانيك أو البنسللين أو لأي من المكونات الأخرى في ميجاموكس (مدرجة في القسم 6).
  • إذا سبق له أن عانى من رد فعل تحسسي حاد تجاه أي مضاد حيوي آخر. ويمكن أن يشمل هذا الطفح الجلدي أو تورم الوجه أو الحلق
  • إذا سبق أن عانى من مشكلات في الكبد أو من اليرقان (اصفرار الجلد (عند تناول مضاد حيوي.

لا تعط طفلك دواء ميجاموكس إذا كانت أي من الحالات المذكورة أعلاه تنطبق عليه. إذا لم تكن متأكدا، فاستشر طبيبك أو الصيدلي قبل إعطاء دواء ميجاموكس.

الاحتياطات والتحذيرات

راجع الطبيب الصيدلي، أو الممرض قبل إعطاء طفلك دواء ميجاموكس إذا كان ينطبق عليه أي مما يلي:

  • تعاني من حُمى غدية.
  • تُعالَج من مشكلات في الكبد أو الكلى.
  • لا تتبول بانتظام.

إذا لم تكن متأكدا من أن أيا مما ذُكِرً أعلاه ينطبق على حالة طفلك، فاستشر طبيبك أو الصيدلي قبل إعطائه دواء ميجاموكس.

في بًعض اًلحالات، قًد يًتحرى طًبيبك عًن نًوع اًلبكتيريا اًلتي تًسبب اًلعدوىً لطفلك. وًوفقا لًلنتائج، قًد يًعطي طًفلك دًواء مًيجاموكس بًتركيز مًختلف أًوً يعطيه دًوا ء مًختلفا.

الحالات التي ينبغي الانتباه إليها

يمكن لدواء ميجاموكس أن يزيد بعض الحالات الموجودة سوءا أو يتسبب في حدوث آثار جانبية خطيرة. وتشمل ردود أفعال تحسسية، واختلاجات (تشنجات)، والتهاب الأمعاء الغليظة. يجب عليك الانتباه إلى أعراض معينة

أثناء تناول طفلك لدواء ميجاموكس، للحد من خطورة أي مشكلات. انظر "الحالات التي ينبغي الانتباه إليها" في القسم 4

اختبارات الدم أو البول

إذا كان طفلك تُجرى له اختبارات دم (مثل اختبارات وضع خلايا الدم الحمراء أو اختبارات وظائف الكبد) أو اختبارات البول (لقياس مستوى الجلوكوز في البول)، فأخبر الطبيب أو الممرضة بأنه يتناول دواء ميجاموكس. وذلك لأن ميجاموكس يمكن أن يؤثر على نتائج هذه الاختبارات.

الأدوية الأخرى وميجاموكس

أخبر طبيبك أو الصيدلي إذا كان طفلك يأخذ، أو أخذ مؤخرا، أو قد يأخذ أية أدوية أخرى.

  • إذا كان طفلك يتناول دواء ألوبيورينول (يُستخدم لعلاج النقرس) مع دواء ميجاموكس، فمن المحتمل إصابته برد فعل تحسسي في الجلد.
  • إذا كان طفلك يتناول بروبينيسيد (يستخدم لعلاج النقرس)، فقد يقرر طبيبه تعديل جرعة دواء ميجاموكس الخاصة به
  • إذا كنت تأخذ أدوية تساعد على إيقاف جلطات الدم (مثل دواء وارفارين) مع دواء ميجاموكس، فقد يلزم إجراء اختبارات دم إضافية.
  • يمكن أن يؤثر ميجاموكس على مفعول ميثوتريكسات (دواء يُستخدم لعلاج السرطان أو الأمراض الروماتيزمية).
  • قد يؤثر دواء ميجاموكس على مفعول دواء ميكوفينولات موفيتيل (دواء يُستخدم لمنع رفض الجسم للأعضاء المزروعة).

الحمل والرضاعة

إذا كانت ابنتك التي على وشك تناول هذا الدواء حاملاً أو مرضعا أو تعتقد أنها قد تكون حاملاً أو تخطط للحمل، فيرجى استشارة طبيبها أو الصيدلي قبل تناول هذا الدواء.

تأثير ميجاموكس على القيادة واستخدام الآلات

قد يكون لدواء ميجاموكس آثار جانبية، وقد تجعلك الأعراض غير مؤهل للقيادة. تجنب القيادة أو تشغيل الآلات إلا إذا أحسست أنك بخير.

يحتوي ميجاموكس على أسبارتام ومالتودكسترين:

  • يحتوي ميجاموكس على أسبارتام (E9511) الذي يعد مصدرا لفينيل ألانين. والذي قد يكون ضارا للأطفال المولودين بحالة تسمى "بيلة الفينيل كيتون".
  • يحتوي ميجاموكس على مالتودكسترين (الجلوكوز). إذا أخبرك طبيبك بأن طفلك لا يتحمل بعض أنواع السكر، فاتصل بطبيبك قبل تناول هذا المنتج الدوائي.

 

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قم دًائما بًإعطاء هًذا اًلدواء كًما وًصفه لًك طًبيبك أًو اًلصيدلي تًماما. تًأكد مًنً طبيبك أًو اًلصيدلي إًذا كًانت لًديك أًية اًستفسارات.

البالغون والأطفال بوزن 40 كجم أو أكثر

هذا اًلمعلق لًا يًوصف عًادة لًلبالغين وًالأطفال اًلذين يًبلغ وًزنهمً 40 كًجم أًوً أكثر. اًستشر طًبيبك أًو اًلصيدلي طًلب ا لًلنصيحةً 

الأطفال الذين يقل وزنهم عن 40 كغم

تتحدد جًميع اًلجرعات بًناء عًلى وًزن جًسم اًلطفل بًالكيلوغرام.

  • سيصف لًك اًلطبيب جًرعة مًيجاموكس اًلتي يًنبغي أًن تًعطيهاً لرضيعك أًو طًفلك.
  • قد يًتم تًزويدك بًكأس قًياس. وًفي هًذه اًلحالة يًجب أًن تًستخدمهاً لإعطاء اًلجرعة اًلصحيحة لًرضيعك أًو طًفلك.
  • الجرعة الموصي بًها - 20 مًلغم/ 5 مًلغم إًلىً 60 مًلغم/ 15 مًلغمً لكل كًيلوجرام مًن وًزن اًلجسم يوميا، تعطى عًلى ثًلاث جًرعاتً مقسمة.

المرضى الذين يعانون من مشاكل في الكلى والكبد

  • إذا كان طفلك يعاني من مشكلات في الكلى، فقد تُخف ض الجرعة. فقد يختار له طبيبك تركيزا مختلفا من الدواء أو يختار له دواءً مختلفا.
  • إذا كان طفلك يعاني من مشكلات في الكبد، فقد تُجرى له اختبارات الدم بمعدل أكثر للتأكد من أن الكبد يعمل.

 طريقة استخدام ميجاموكس

  • قم برج الزجاجة جيدا قبل كل جرعة.
  • يُعطى مع الوجبات
  • وزع الجرعات بشكل متساوً أثناء اليوم بفاصل 4 ساعات على الأقل بين كل منها. لا تتناول جرعتَين في ساعة واحدة.
  • لا تقم بإعطاء طفلك دواء ميجاموكس لأكثر من أسبوعين. إذا كان طفلك لا يزال يشعر بالتوعك، فيجب أن يعاود زيارة الطبيب مرة أخرى. 

إذا أعطيت جرعة زائدة من ميجاموكس

إذا أعطيت طفلك دواء ميجاموكس بجرعة أكبر مما ينبغي، فقد تشمل العلامات اضطراب المعدة (الشعور بالغثيان أو حدوث الغثيان أو الإسهال) أو الاختلاجات. تحدث إلى طبيبه بأسرع ما يمكن، وخذ الدواء معك لعرضه على الطبيب.

إذا نسيت إعطاء دواء ميجاموكس

في حالة نسيانك إعطاء الجرعة لطفلك، فقم بإعطائها له فور تذكرها. يجب ألا تعطه الجرعة التالية في وقت قريب جدا، ولكن انتظر قرابة 4 ساعات قبل إعطاء الجرعة التالية. لا تتناول جرعة مضاعفة لتعويض الجرعة المنسية.

إذا توقف طفلك عن تناول ميجاموكس

استمر في إعطاء طفلك دواء ميجاموكس لحين انتهاء العلاج، حتى إذا شعر بتحسن. فطفلك في حاجة إلى كل جرعة لتساعد على محاربة العدوى. فإذا تمكنت بعض البكتيريا من البقاء حية، فيمكنها أن تتسبب في ظهور العدوى مرة أخرى.

إذا كان لديك أية أسئلة إضافية حول استخدام هذا الدواء، يرجى استشارة الطبيب أو الصيدلي

مثل جميع الأدوية، قد يسبب هذا الدواء آثاراً جانبية، إلا أنه ليس بالضرورة أن تحدث لجميع مستخدمي هذا الدواء. قد تحدث الآثار الجانبية التالية عند إعطاء هذا الدواء.

الحالات التي ينبغي الانتباه إليها

ردود الفعل التحسسية:

  • طفح جلدي.
  • التهاب الأوعية الدموية (التهاب وعائي) الذي قد يظهر على هيئة بقع حمراء أو أرجوانية ناتئة على الجلد، إلا أنه يمكن أن يصيب أجزاء أخرى من الجسم.
  • الحمى، وألم المفاصل، وتورم الغدد في الرقبة أو الإبط أو الأُربيَّة.
  • حدوث تورم، أحيان ا في الوجه أو الفم (الوذمة الوعائية)، مما يسبب صعوبة في التنفس.
  • الانهيار.

اتصل بالطبيب على الفور إذا ظهرت على طفلك أي من هذه الأعراض. وتوقف عن أخذ دواء ميجاموكس 

التهاب الأمعاء الغليظة

التهاب الأمعاء الغليظة، مما يسبب إسهالاً مائيا ويكون عادة مصحوبا بوجود دم ومخاط، وألم في المعدة و/أو الحمى.

اتصل بطبيبك في أقرب وقت ممكن للحصول على النصيحة إذا ظهرت على طفلك هذه الأعراض. 

آثار جانبية شائعة جدًا

قد تؤثر على أكثر من 1 من كل 10 أشخاص

  • الإسهال (في البالغين).

آثار جانبية شائعة

قد تؤثر على ما يصل إلى 1 في كل 10 أشخاص

  • القلاع (المُبيضَة عدوى فطرية تصيب المهبل أو الفم أو طيات الجلد).
  • الشعور بالمرض (الغثيان) خاصة عند تناول جرعات كبيرة. في حال الإصابة، تناول ميجاموكس مع وجبة
  • القيء
  • الإسهال (في الأطفال).

آثار جانبية غير شائعة

قد تؤثر على ما يصل إلى 1 في كل 100 شخص:

  • طفح جلدي أو حكة
  • طفح جلدي مثير للحكة ناتئ عن سطح الجلد (الشرى )
  • عسر الهضم
  • الدوخة
  • صداع

آثار جانبية غير شائعة قد تظهر في اختبارات الدم:

  • زيادة في إفراز بعض المواد التي ينتجها الكبد (الإنزيمات).

 آثار جانبية نادرة

قد تؤثر على ما يصل إلى 1 من كل 1000 شخص:

  • طفح جلدي قد يكوِّن بثورا، ويبدو على هيئة أهداف صغيرة (بقع داكنة مركزية تحيط بها منطقة أكثر شحوب ا ذات حلقة داكنة حول الحافة حمامي عديدة الأشكال).

إذا لاحظت ظهور أي من هذه الأعراض، فاتصل بالطبيب بشكل عاجل.

آثار جانبية نادرة قد تظهر في اختبارات الدم:

انخفاض عدد الخلايا المشاركة في عملية تجلط الدم.

  • انخفاض عدد خلايا الدم البيضاء.

آثار جانبية غير معروفة التكرار
لا يمكن تقدير عدد مرات تكرارها من البيانات المتوفرة.

  • ردود فعل تحسسية (انظر أعلاه)
  • التهاب الأمعاء الغليظة (انظر أعلاه)
  • التهاب الغشاء الواقي المحيط بالمخ (التهاب السحايا العقيم)
  • ردود فعل خطيرة في الجلد:

-  انتشار طفح جلدي مع وجود بثور وتقشر في الجلد، خاصة حول الفم، والأنف، والعينين، والأعضاء التناسلية (متلازمة ستيفنز جونسون)، وحدوث شكل أكثر حدة من ردود الفعل هذه بما يسبب تقشر الجلد بشكل واسع (أكثر من 30 % من سطح الجسم تقشر -الأنسجة المتموتة البشروية التسممي).

-  انتشار طفح جلدي مع وجود بثور صغيرة تحتوي على قيح (التهاب الجلد التقشري الفقاعي).

-  طفح جلدي أحمر اللون مائل للتقشر، مع وجود تحاديب أسفل الجلد وبثور (بثور صديدية طفحية)

اتصل بالطبيب على الفور إذا ظهرت على طفلك أي من هذه الأعراض.

  • تضخم الكبد (التهاب الكبد )
  • اليرقان الذي يسببه زيادة مستوى مادة بيليروبين في الدم (مادة تُنتج داخل الكبد) التي قد تسبب اصفرار جلد طفلك وبياض عينيه.
  • التهاب القنوات في الكلى
  • استغراق الدم فترة طويلة كي يتجلط
  • فرط النشاط
  • الاختلاجات (للأشخاص الذين يأخذون جرعات عالية من ميجاموكس أو الذين يعانون من مشكلات في الكلى )
  • اسمرار اللسان بشكل يبدو كما لو كان مشعرا
  • تبقع الأسنان (لدى الأطفال)، وعادة ما يزول باستخدام فرشاة الأسنان.

آثار جانبية قد تظهر في اختبارات الدم أو البول:

  • انخفاض حاد في عدد خلايا الدم البيضاء
  • انخفاض عدد خلايا الدم الحمراء (فقر الدم الانحلالي) وجود بلورات في البول.

إذا ظهرت عليك أي آثار جانبية، فاستشر الطبيب أو الصيدلي. بما فيها الآثار التي لم يتم ذكرها في هذه النشرة.

احفظ هذا الدواء بعيداً عن مرأى ومتناول الأطفال.

المسحوق الجاف

احفظه داخل عبوته الأصلية لحمايته من الرطوبة.

يُحفظ عند درجة حرارة أقل من 30 درجة مئوية.

لا تستخدم هذا الدواء بعد تاريخ انتهاء الصلاحية المذكور على العبوة الخارجية. يشير تاريخ الانتهاء إلى اليوم الأخير من ذلك الشهر. تاريخ انتهاء الصلاحية المذكور على ملصق العبوة الخارجية هو لاستخدام الصيدلي.

المعلق السائل

احفظه في الثلاجة (2° مئوية - 8 ° مئوية). لا تحفظه مجمداً.

ما أن يتم تركيبه، ينبغي استخدام المعلق في غضون 7 أيام.

لا تتخلص من الأدوية عن طريق مياه الصرف الصحي أو النفايات المنزلية. اسأل الصيدلي عن كيفية التخلص من الأدوية التي لم تعد بحاجة إليها. اتبع هذه الإجراءات للحفاظ على سلامة البيئة.

ما هي محتويات ميجاموكس 156 ملغم لكل 5 مل معلق

المواد الفعالة هي 125 ملغم أموكسيسيلين و31.25 ملغم حمض الكلافولانيك (يوجد في صورة كلافيولانيت البوتاسيوم) في كل 5 مل من المعلق.

ما هي محتويات ميجاموكس 228 ملغم لكل 5 مل معلق

المواد الفعالة هي 200 ملغم أموكسيسيلين و28.5 ملغم حمض الكلافولانيك (يوجد في صورة كلافيولانيت البوتاسيوم) في كل 5 مل من المعلق.

ما هي محتويات ميجاموكس 312 ملغم لكل 5 مل معلق

المواد اًلفعالة هًيً 250 مًلغم أًموكسيسيلين و62.5 مًلغم حًمض اًلكلافولانيكً (يوجد فًي صًورة كًلافيولانيت اًلبوتاسيوم) فًي كًلً 5 مًل مًن اًلمعلق.

ما هي محتويات ميجاموكس 457 ملغم لكل 5 مل معلق

المواد اًلفعالة هًيً 400 مًلغم أًموكسيسيلين و57 مًلغم حًمض اًلكلافولانيكً (يوجد فًي صًورة كًلافيولانيت اًلبوتاسيوم )فًي كًلً 5 مًل مًن اًلمعلق.

المكونات الأخرى في المعلق هي:

صمغ الزانثان( كيلترو )؛ حمض سكسينيك ميكرونيزد؛ السيليكا اللامائية الغروانية؛ أسبارتام؛ هيدروكسي بروبيل ميثيل السيليولوز( ميزوثيل E5؛) نكهة الشراب الذهبي؛ نكهة البرتقال؛ ثاني أكسيد السليكون (سيلويد AL-1-FP)

نظر أيضا معلومات مهمة عن بعض المكونات في ميجاموكس في القسم 2 .

ميجاموكس 156 ملغم لكل 5 مل و312 ملغم لكل 5 مل معلق هي:

100 مًل عًبوة زًجاجية كًهرمانية تًحتوي عًلى مًسحوق أًبيض يًميل إًلىً العاجي. تًرد اًلعبوة فًي عًلبة كًرتون.         

ميجاموكس 228 ملغم لكل 5 مل و457 ملغم لكل 5 مل معلق هي:

70 مًل عًبوة زًجاجية كًهرمانية تًحتوي عًلى مًسحوق أًبيض يًميل إًلىً العاجي. تًرد اًلعبوة فًي عًلبة كًرتون

الجزيرة للصناعات الدوائية
طريق الخرج
صندوق بريد 106229

الرياض 11666 ، المملكة العربية السعودية
هاتف: 4980170(1-966)+
فاكس: 4980187(1-966)+

البريد الإلكتروني: medical@jpi.com.sa
 

تمت مراجعة هذه النشرة في يناير 2018 ، رقم النسخة 2.3 .
 Read this leaflet carefully before you start using this product as it contains important information for you

Megamox® 125/31 mg/5 mL Suspension

Each 5 mL contains 125 mg amoxicillin trihydrate and 31 mg clavulanic acid. For a full list of excipients (See Section 6.1. List of excipients).

White to off-white powder, after reconstitution white to off-white suspension with frutti flavor.

Megamox is indicated for the treatment of the following infections in adults and children (see sections 4.2, 4.4 and 5.1):

  • Acute bacterial sinusitis (adequately diagnosed)
  • Acute otitis media
  • Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (adequately diagnosed)
  • Community acquired pneumonia
  • Cystitis
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Skin and soft tissue infections in particular cellulitis, animal bites, severe dental abscess with spreading cellulitis.
  • Bone and joint infections, in particular osteomyelitis.

Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.


(See Section 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties-special patient population)
Doses are expressed throughout in terms of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid content except when doses are stated in terms of an individual component.
The dose of Megamox that is selected to treat an individual infection should take into account:

  • The expected pathogens and their likely susceptibility to antibacterial agents (see section 4.4)
  •  The severity and the site of the infection
  • The age, weight and renal function of the patient as shown below.

The use of alternative presentations of Megamox (e.g. those that provide higher doses of amoxicillin and/or different ratios of amoxicillin to clavulanic acid) should be considered as necessary (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).
For adults and children ≥ 40 kg, this formulation of Megamox provides a total daily dose of 1500 mg amoxicillin/375 mg clavulanic acid, when administered as recommended below. For children < 40 kg, this formulation of Megamox provides a maximum daily dose of 2400 mg amoxicillin/600 mg clavulanic acid, when administered as recommended below. If it is considered that a higher daily dose of amoxicillin is required, it is recommended that another preparation of Megamox is selected in order to avoid administration of unnecessarily high daily doses of clavulanic acid (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).
The duration of therapy should be determined by the response of the patient. Some infections (e.g. osteomyelitis) require longer periods of treatment. Treatment should not be extended beyond 14 days without review (see section 4.4 regarding prolonged therapy).

  • Adults and children ≥ 40 kg

One 500 mg/125 mg dose taken three times a day.

  • Children < 40 kg

20 mg/5 mg/kg/day to 60 mg/15 mg/kg/day given in three divided doses.
Children may be treated with Megamox tablets or suspensions.
Children aged 6 years and below should preferably be treated with Megamox suspension or paediatric sachets.
No clinical data are available on doses of Megamox 4:1 formulations higher than 40 mg/10 mg/kg per day in children under 2 years.

  • Elderly

No dose adjustment is considered necessary.

  •  Renal impairment

Dose adjustments are based on the maximum recommended level of amoxicillin.
No adjustment in dose is required in patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) greater than 30 ml/min.

- Adults and children ≥ 40 kg

CrCl: 10-30 ml/min

500 mg/125 mg twice daily

CrCl < 10 ml /min

500 mg/125 mg once daily

Haemodialysis

500 mg/125 mg every 24 hours, plus 500 mg/125 mg during dialysis, to be repeated at the end of dialysis (as serum concentrations of both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are decreased)


- Children < 40 kg

CrCl: 10-30 ml/min

15 mg/3.75 mg/kg twice daily (maximum 500 mg/125 mg twice daily).

CrCl < 10 ml /min

15 mg/3.75 mg/kg as a single daily dose (maximum 500 mg/125 mg).

 

Haemodialysis

15 mg/3.75 mg/kg per day once daily.

Prior to haemodialysis 15 mg/3.75 mg/kg. In order to restore circulating drug levels, 15 mg/3.75 mg per kg should be

administered after haemodialysis.

  • Hepatic impairment

Dose with caution and monitor hepatic function at regular intervals (see sections 4.3 and 4.4).

  • Method of administration

Megamox is for oral use.
Administer at the start of a meal to minimise potential gastrointestinal intolerance and optimise absorption of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.
Therapy can be started parenterally according the SPC of the IV-formulation and continued with an oral preparation.
Shake to loosen powder, add water as directed, invert and shake.
Shake the bottle before each dose (see section 6.6).


- Hypersensitivity to the active substances, to any of the penicillins or to any of the excipients. - History of a severe immediate hypersensitivity reaction (e.g. anaphylaxis) to another beta-lactam agent (e.g. a cephalosporin, carbapenem or monobactam). - History of jaundice/hepatic impairment due to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (see section 4.8).

Before initiating therapy with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, careful enquiry should be made concerning previous hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins or other beta-lactam agents (see sections 4.3 and 4.8).
Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity (anaphylactoid) reactions have been reported in patients on penicillin therapy. These reactions are more likely to occur in individuals with a history of penicillin hypersensitivity and in atopic individuals. If an allergic reaction occurs, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid therapy must be discontinued and appropriate alternative therapy instituted.
In the case that an infection is proven to be due to an amoxicillin-susceptible organisms(s) then consideration should be given to switching from amoxicillin/clavulanic acid to amoxicillin in accordance with official guidance.
This presentation of Megamox is not suitable for use when there is a high risk that the presumptive pathogens have reduced susceptibility or resistance to beta-lactam agents that is not mediated by beta-lactamases susceptible to inhibition by clavulanic acid. This presentation should not be used to treat penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae.
Convulsions may occur in patients with impaired renal function or in those receiving high doses (see section 4.8).
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid should be avoided if infectious mononucleosis is suspected since the occurrence of a morbilliform rash has been associated with this condition following the use of amoxicillin.
Concomitant use of allopurinol during treatment with amoxicillin can increase the likelihood of allergic skin reactions.
Prolonged use may occasionally result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms.
The occurrence at the treatment initiation of a feverish generalised erythema associated with pustula may be a symptom of acute generalised exanthemous pustulosis (AGEP) (see Section 4.8). This reaction requires Megamox discontinuation and contra-indicates any subsequent administration of amoxicillin.
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid should be used with caution in patients with evidence of hepatic impairment (see section 4.2).
Hepatic events have been reported predominantly in males and elderly patients and may be associated with prolonged treatment. These events have been very rarely reported in children. In all populations, signs and symptoms usually occur during or shortly after treatment but in some cases may not become apparent until several weeks after treatment has ceased. These are usually reversible. Hepatic events may be severe and, in extremely rare circumstances, deaths have been reported. These have almost always occurred in patients with serious underlying disease or taking concomitant medications known to have the potential for hepatic effects (see section 4.8).
Antibiotic-associated colitis has been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents and may range in severity from mild to life threatening (see section 4.8). Therefore, it is important to consider this diagnosis in patients who present with diarrhoea during or subsequent to the administration of any antibiotics. Should antibiotic-associated colitis occur, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid should immediately be discontinued, a physician be consulted and an appropriate therapy initiated. Anti-peristaltic medicinal products are contra-indicated in this situation.
Periodic assessment of organ system functions, including renal, hepatic and haematopoietic function is advisable during prolonged therapy.
Prolongation of prothrombin time has been reported rarely in patients receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Appropriate monitoring should be undertaken when anticoagulants are prescribed concomitantly. Adjustments in the dose of oral anticoagulants may be necessary to maintain the desired level of anticoagulation (see section 4.5 and 4.8).
In patients with renal impairment, the dose should be adjusted according to the degree of impairment (see section 4.2).
In patients with reduced urine output, crystalluria has been observed very rarely, predominantly with parenteral therapy. During the administration of high doses of amoxicillin, it is advisable to maintain adequate fluid intake and urinary output in order to reduce the possibility of amoxicillin crystalluria. In patients with bladder catheters, a regular check of patency should be maintained (see section 4.9).
During treatment with amoxicillin, enzymatic glucose oxidase methods should be used whenever testing for the presence of glucose in urine because false positive results may occur with non-enzymatic methods.
The presence of Clavulanic acid in Megamox may cause a non-specific binding of IgG and albumin by red cell membranes leading to a false positive Coombs test.
There have been reports of positive test results using the Bio-Rad Laboratories Platelia Aspergillus EIA test in patients receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid who were subsequently found to be free of Aspergillus infection. Cross-reactions with non-Aspergillus polysaccharides and polyfuranoses with Bio-Rad Laboratories Platelia Aspergillus EIA test have been reported. Therefore, positive test results in patients receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid should be interpreted cautiously and confirmed by other diagnostic methods.
Megamox powder for oral suspension contains aspartame, a source of phenylalanine. This medicine should be used with caution in patients with phenylketonuria.


 

  • Oral anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants and penicillin antibiotics have been widely used in practice without reports of interaction. However, in the literature there are cases of increased international normalised ratio in patients maintained on acenocoumarol or warfarin and prescribed a course of amoxicillin. If co-administration is necessary, the prothrombin time or international normalised ratio should be carefully monitored with the addition or withdrawal of amoxicillin. Moreover, adjustments in the dose of oral anticoagulants may be necessary (see sections 4.4 and 4.8).

  • Methotrexate

Penicillins may reduce the excretion of methotrexate causing a potential increase in toxicity.

  • Probenecid

Concomitant use of probenecid is not recommended. Probenecid decreases the renal tubular secretion of amoxicillin. Concomitant use of probenecid may result in increased and prolonged blood levels of amoxicillin but not of clavulanic acid.
Mycophenolate mofetil:
In patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil, reduction in pre-dose concentration of the active metabolite mycophenolic acid (MPA) of approximately 50% has been reported following commencement of oral amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. The change in pre-dose level may not accurately represent changes in overall MPA exposure. Therefore, a change in the dose of mycophenolate mofetil should not normally be necessary in the absence of clinical evidence of graft dysfunction. However, close clinical monitoring should be performed during the combination and shortly after antibiotic treatment.
 


 

  •  Pregnancy

Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to pregnancy, embryonal/foetal development, parturition or postnatal development (see section 5.3). Limited data on the use of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid during pregnancy in humans do not indicate an increased risk of congenital malformations. In a single study in women with preterm, premature rupture of the foetal membrane it was reported that prophylactic treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid may be associated with an increased risk of necrotising enterocolitis in neonates. Use should be avoided during pregnancy, unless considered essential by the physician.

  • Lactation

Both substances are excreted into breast milk (nothing is known of the effects of clavulanic acid on the breast-fed infant). Consequently, diarrhoea and fungus infection of the mucous membranes are possible in the breast-fed infant, so that breast-feeding might have to be discontinued. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid should only be used during breast-feeding after benefit/risk assessment by the physician in charge.


No studies on the effects on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed. However, undesirable effects may occur (e.g. allergic reactions, dizziness, convulsions), which may influence the ability to drive and use machines (see section 4.8).


The most commonly reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.
The ADRs derived from clinical studies and post-marketing surveillance with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, sorted by MedDRA System Organ Class are listed below.
The following terminologies have been used in order to classify the occurrence of undesirable effects.
Very common (≥1/10)
Common (≥1/100 to <1/10)
Uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100)
Rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000)
Very rare (<1/10,000)
Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)

                                                         Infections and infestations

Mucocutaneous candidosis

Common

Overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms

Not known

                                                 Blood and lymphatic system disorders

Reversible leucopenia (including neutropenia)

Rare

Reversible agranulocytosis ,Haemolytic anaemia ,Prolongation of bleeding time and prothrombin time1

Not known

                                                      Immune system disorders10

Angioneurotic oedema ,Anaphylaxis, Serum sickness-like syndrome , Hypersensitivity vasculitis

Not known

                                                       Nervous system disorders

Dizziness , Headache,

Uncommon

Reversible hyperactivity , Convulsions2

Not known

                                                       Gastrointestinal disorders

Diarrhoea , Nausea3 , Vomiting

 common

Indigestion

Uncommon

Antibiotic-associated colitis4,Black hairy tongue

Not known

                                                            Hepatobiliary disorders

Rises in AST and/or ALT5

Uncommon

Hepatitis6 ,Cholestatic jaundice6

Not known

                                               Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders 7

Skin rash ,Pruritus ,Urticaria

Uncommon

Erythema multiforme

Rare

Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Bullous exfoliative-dermatitis, Acute generalised exanthemous pustulosis (AGEP)9

Not known

                                                                Renal and urinary disorders

Interstitial nephritis

Not known

Crystalluria8

Not known

1 See section 4.4

2 See section 4.4.

3 Nausea is more often associated with higher oral doses. If gastrointestinal reactions are evident, they may be reduced by taking amoxicillin/clavulanic acid at the start of a meal.

4 Including pseudomembranous colitis and haemorrhagic colitis (see section 4.4)

5 A moderate rise in AST and/or ALT has been noted in patients treated with beta-lactam class antibiotics, but the significance of these findings is unknown.

6 These events have been noted with other penicillins and cephalosporins (see section 4.4).

7 If any hypersensitivity dermatitis reaction occurs, treatment should be discontinued (see section 4.4).

8 See section 4.9

9 See section 4.4

10 See section 4.3 and 4.4 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reporting of suspected adverse events
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorization of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the national reporting systems applied at their countries.

  •  Saudi Arabia:

− The National Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety Centre (NPC)
Fax: +966-11-205-7662
Call NPC at +966-11-2038222, Exts: 2317-2356-2353-2354-2334- 2340.
Toll free phone: 8002490000
E-mail: npc.drug@sfda.gov.sa
Website: www.sfda.gov.sa/npc

  • Other GCC States: Please contact the relevant competent authority

 

  • Symptoms and signs of overdose

Gastrointestinal symptoms and disturbance of the fluid and electrolyte balances may be evident. Amoxicillin crystalluria, in some cases leading to renal failure, has been observed (see section 4.4).
Convulsions may occur in patients with impaired renal function or in those receiving high doses.
Amoxicillin has been reported to precipitate in bladder catheters, predominantly after intravenous administration of large doses. A regular check of patency should be maintained (see section 4.4).

  • Treatment of intoxication

Gastrointestinal symptoms may be treated symptomatically, with attention to the water/electrolyte balance.
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid can be removed from the circulation by haemodialysis.


Pharmacotherapeutic group: Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors;

ATC code: J01CR02.

  • Mode of action

Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin (beta-lactam antibiotic) that inhibits one or more enzymes (often referred to as penicillin-binding proteins, PBPs) in the biosynthetic pathway of bacterial peptidoglycan, which is an integral structural component of the bacterial cell wall. Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis leads to weakening of the cell wall, which is usually followed by cell lysis and death.
Amoxicillin is susceptible to degradation by beta-lactamases produced by resistant bacteria and therefore the spectrum of activity of amoxicillin alone does not include organisms which produce these enzymes.
Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam structurally related to penicillins. It inactivates some beta-lactamase enzymes thereby preventing inactivation of amoxicillin. Clavulanic acid alone does not exert a clinically useful antibacterial effect.

  • PK/PD relationship

The time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T>MIC) is considered to be the major determinant of efficacy for amoxicillin.

  •  Mechanisms of resistance

The two main mechanisms of resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are:
- Inactivation by those bacterial beta-lactamases that are not themselves inhibited by clavulanic acid, including class B, C and D.
- Alteration of PBPs, which reduce the affinity of the antibacterial agent for the target.
Impermeability of bacteria or efflux pump mechanisms may cause or contribute to bacterial resistance, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria.

  • Breakpoints

MIC breakpoints for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are those of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST)

Organism

Susceptibility Breakpoints (μg/ml)

Susceptible

Intermediate

Resistant

Haemophilus influenzae1

≤ 1

-

> 1

Moraxella catarrhalis1

≤ 1

-

> 1

Staphylococcus aureus 2

≤ 2

-

> 2

Coagulase-negative staphylococci2

≤ 0.25

 

> 0.25

Enterococcus1

≤ 4

8

> 8

Streptococcus A, B, C, G5

≤ 0.25

-

> 0.25

Streptococcus pneumoniae3

≤ 0.5

1-2

> 2

Enterobacteriaceae1,4

-

-

> 8

Gram-negative Anaerobes1

≤ 4

8

> 8

Gram-positive Anaerobes1

≤ 4

8

> 8

Non-species related breakpoints1

≤ 2

4-8

> 8

1 The reported values are for Amoxicillin concentrations. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of Clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/l.

2 The reported values are Oxacillin concentrations.

3 Breakpoint values in the table are based on Ampicillin breakpoints.

4 The resistant breakpoint of R>8 mg/l ensures that all isolates with resistance mechanisms are reported resistant.

5 Breakpoint values in the table are based on Benzylpenicillin breakpoints

The prevalence of resistance may vary geographically and with time for selected species,and local information on resistance is desirable, particularly when treating severe infections. As necessary, expert advice should be sought when the local prevalence of resistance is such that the 
utility of the agent in at least some types of infections is questionable.

  • Commonly susceptible species


- Aerobic Gram-positive micro-organisms
Enterococcus faecalis
Gardnerella vaginalis
Staphylococcus aureus ( methicillin-susceptible)£

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (methicillin-susceptible)
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pneumoniae1
Streptococcus pyogenes and other beta-haemolytic streptococci
Streptococcus viridans group

- Aerobic Gram-negative micro-organisms
Capnocytophaga spp.
Eikenella corrodens
Haemophilus influenzae2
Moraxella catarrhalis
Pasteurella multocida

- Anaerobic micro-organisms
Bacteroides fragilis
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Prevotella spp.

 

  • Species for which acquired resistance may be a problem

- Aerobic Gram-positive micro-organisms

Enterococcus faecium $

- Aerobic Gram-negative micro-organisms

Escherichia coli

 Klebsiella oxytoca

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Proteus mirabilis

Proteus vulgaris

  • Inherently resistant organisms

- Aerobic Gram-negative micro-organisms

Acinetobacter sp.
Citrobacter freundii
Enterobacter sp.
Legionella pneumophila
Morganella morganii
Providencia spp.
Pseudomonas sp.
Serratia sp.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

 -  Other micro-organisms
Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Chlamydophila psittaci

Coxiella burnetti

Mycoplasma pneumonia

$ Natural intermediate susceptibility in the absence of acquired mechanism of resistance.

 £All methicillin-resistant staphylococci are resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae that is fully susceptible to penicillin may be treated with this presentation of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Organisms that show any degree of reduced susceptibility to penicillin should not be treated with this presentation (see sections 4.2 and 4.4).

 2 Strains with decreased susceptibility have been reported in some countries in the EU with a frequency higher than 10%.


 

  • Absorption

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, are fully dissociated in aqueous solution at physiological pH. Both components are rapidly and well absorbed by the oral route of administration. Absorption of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is optimised when taken at the start of a meal. Following oral administration, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are approximately 70% bioavailable. The plasma profiles of both components are similar and the time to peak plasma concentration (T max) in each case is approximately one hour.
The pharmacokinetic results for a study, in which amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (500 mg/125 mg tablets three times daily) was administered in the fasting state to groups of healthy volunteers are presented below.

Mean (± SD) pharmacokinetic parameters

Active substance(s)

administered

Dose

C max

T max *

AUC (0-24h)

T 1/2

(mg)

(μg/ml)

(h)

(μg.h/ml)

(h)

Amoxicillin

AMX/CA

500 mg/125 mg

500

 7.19

± 2.26

1.5

(1.0-2.5)

53.5

± 8.87

1.15

± 0.20

Clavulanic acid

AMX/CA

 

500 mg/125 mg

125

2.40

 

± 0.83

1.5

 

(1.0-2.0)

15.72

 

± 3.86

0.98

 

± 0.12

AMX – amoxicillin, CA – clavulanic acid

* Median (range)


Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid serum concentrations achieved with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are similar to those produced by the oral administration of equivalent doses of amoxicillin or clavulanic acid alone.

  • Distribution

About 25% of total plasma clavulanic acid and 18% of total plasma amoxicillin is bound to protein. The apparent volume of distribution is around 0.3-0.4 l/kg for amoxicillin and around 0.2 l/kg for clavulanic acid.
Following intravenous administration, both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid have been found in gall bladder, abdominal tissue, skin, fat, muscle tissues, synovial and peritoneal fluids, bile and pus. Amoxicillin does not adequately distribute into the cerebrospinal fluid.
From animal studies there is no evidence for significant tissue retention of drug-derived material for either component. Amoxicillin, like most penicillins, can be detected in breast milk. Trace quantities of clavulanic acid can also be detected in breast milk (see section 4.6).
Both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid have been shown to cross the placental barrier (see section 4.6).

  •  Biotransformation

Amoxicillin is partly excreted in the urine as the inactive penicilloic acid in quantities equivalent to up to 10 to 25% of the initial dose. Clavulanic acid is extensively metabolized in man and eliminated in urine and faeces and as carbon dioxide in expired air.

  • Elimination

The major route of elimination for amoxicillin is via the kidney, whereas for clavulanic acid it is by both renal and non-renal mechanisms.
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid has a mean elimination half-life of approximately one hour and a mean total clearance of approximately 25 l/h in healthy subjects. Approximately 60 to 70% of the amoxicillin and approximately 40 to 65% of the clavulanic acid are excreted unchanged in urine during the first 6 h after administration of single amoxicillin/clavulanic 250 mg/125 mg or 500 mg/125 mg tablets. Various studies have found the urinary excretion to be 50-85% for amoxicillin and between 27-60% for clavulanic acid over a 24 hour period. In the case of clavulanic acid, the largest amount of drug is excreted during the first 2 hours after administration.
Concomitant use of probenecid delays amoxicillin excretion but does not delay renal excretion of clavulanic acid (see section 4.5).

  • Age

The elimination half-life of amoxicillin is similar for children aged around 3 months to 2 years and older children and adults. For very young children (including preterm newborns) in the first week of life the interval of administration should not exceed twice daily administration due to immaturity of the renal pathway of elimination. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

  • Gender

Following oral administration of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid to healthy males and female subjects, gender has no significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of either amoxicillin or clavulanic acid.

  • Renal impairment

The total serum clearance of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreases proportionately with decreasing renal function. The reduction in drug clearance is more pronounced for amoxicillin than for clavulanic acid, as a higher proportion of amoxicillin is excreted via the renal route. Doses in renal impairment must therefore prevent undue accumulation of amoxicillin while maintaining adequate levels of clavulanic acid (see section 4.2).

  • Hepatic impairment

Hepatically impaired patients should be dosed with caution and hepatic function monitored at regular intervals.


Nonclinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on studies of safety pharmacology, genotoxicity and toxicity to reproduction.
Repeat dose toxicity studies performed in dogs with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid demonstrate gastric irritancy and vomiting, and discoloured tongue.
Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with Megamox or its components.


- Xanthan Gum (Keltro)
- Succinic Acid micronized
- Colloidal anhydrous silica
- Aspartame
- Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (Methocel E5)
- Golden Syrup Flavor
- Orange Flavor
- Silicon Dioxide (Syloid AL-1-FP)
 


None


Dry powder: 2 years. Reconstituted suspensions: 7 days

Store below 25°C

Dry powder should be stored in a dry place. Reconstituted suspensions should be kept in a refrigerator (but not frozen) for up to 7 days.


Glass bottle Amber 125 ml,28mm induction plastic CRC Caps


Check cap seal is intact before using. Shake bottle to loosen powder. Add volume of water (as indicated below) invert and shake well. Alternatively fill the bottle with water to just below the mark on bottle label, invert and shake well, Then top up with water exactly to the mark, invert and again shake well.

Strength

Volume of water to be added at reconstitution (ml)

Final volume of reconstituted oral suspension (ml)

125 mg/31.25
mg/5 ml

Make up to mark

60

 

74

80

 

92

100

Shake the bottle well before each dose


Jazeera Pharmaceutical Industries (JPI) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 11666 Riyadh, P.O.Box 106229

18 May 2013
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