Treatment of erectile dysfunction in adult males.

In order for tadalafil to be effective for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, sexual stimulation is required.

Tyra^® is not indicated for use by women.

Erectile dysfunction in adult Men

In general, the recommended dose is 10mg taken prior to anticipated sexual activity and with or without food. In those patients in whom tadalafil 10mg does not produce an adequate effect, 20mg might be tried. It may be taken at least 30 minutes prior to sexual activity.

The maximum dose frequency is once per day.

Tadalafil 10 mg and 20 mg is intended for use prior to anticipated sexual activity and it is not recommended for continuous daily use.

In patients who anticipate a frequent use of tadalafil (i.e., at least twice weekly) a once daily regimen with the lowest doses might be considered suitable, based on patient choice and the physician's judgment.

In these patients, the recommended dose is 5mg taken once a day at approximately the same time of day. The dose may be decreased to 2.5mg tadalafil once a day based on individual tolerability.

The appropriateness of continued use of the daily regimen should be reassessed periodically.

Special Populations

Elderly Men

Dose adjustments are not required in elderly patients.

Men with Renal Impairment

Dose adjustments are not required in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. For patients with severe renal impairment, 10mg is the maximum recommended dose. Once-a-day dosing of 2.5 or 5 mg tadalafil is not recommended in patients with severe renal impairment.

Men with Hepatic Impairment

For the treatment of erectile dysfunction using on-demand tadalafil the recommended dose of tadalafil is 10mg taken prior to anticipated sexual activity and with or without food. There is limited clinical data on the safety of tadalafil in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C); if prescribed, a careful individual benefit/risk evaluation should be undertaken by the prescribing physician. There are no available data about the administration of doses higher than 10mg of tadalafil to patients with hepatic impairment.

Once-a-day dosing of tadalafil has not been evaluated in patients with hepatic impairment; therefore if prescribed, a careful individual benefit/risk evaluation should be undertaken by the prescribing physician.

Men with Diabetes

Dose adjustments are not required in diabetic patients.

Paediatric population

There is no relevant use of tadalafil in the paediatric population with regard to the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Method of administration

Tyra^® is available as 20 mg film-coated tablets for oral use.

 

Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1. Tadalafil was shown to augment the hypotensive effects of nitrates. This is thought to result from the combined effects of nitrates and tadalafil on the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway. Therefore, administration of Tyra® to patients who are using any form of organic nitrate is contraindicated. Tyra®, must not be used in men with cardiac disease for whom sexual activity is inadvisable. Physicians should consider the potential cardiac risk of sexual activity in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. The following groups of patients with cardiovascular disease were not included in clinical trials and the use of tadalafil is therefore contraindicated: • Patients with myocardial infarction within the last 90 days. • Patients with unstable angina or angina occurring during sexual intercourse. • Patients with New York Heart Association class 2 or greater heart failure in the last 6 months. • Patients with uncontrolled arrhythmias, hypotension (<90/50mmHg), or uncontrolled hypertension. • Patients with a stroke within the last 6 months. Tadalafil is contraindicated in patients who have loss of vision in one eye because of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION), regardless of whether this episode was in connection or not with previous PDE5 inhibitor exposure (see section 4.4). The co-administration of PDE5 inhibitors, including tadalafil, with guanylate cyclase stimulators, such as riociguat, is contraindicated as it may potentially lead to symptomatic hypotension (see section 4.5).

Before treatment with Tyra^®

A medical history and physical examination should be undertaken to diagnose erectile dysfunction and determine potential underlying causes, before pharmacological treatment is considered.

Prior to initiating any treatment for erectile dysfunction, physicians should consider the cardiovascular status of their patients, since there is a degree of cardiac risk associated with sexual activity. Tadalafil has vasodilator properties, resulting in mild and transient decreases in blood pressure (see section 5.1), and as such potentiates the hypotensive effect of nitrates (see section 4.3).

The evaluation of erectile dysfunction should include a determination of potential underlying causes and the identification of appropriate treatment following an appropriate medical assessment. It is not known if tadalafil is effective in patients who have undergone pelvic surgery or radical non-nerve-sparing prostatectomy.

Cardiovascular

Serious cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, unstable angina pectoris, ventricular arrhythmia, stroke, transient ischaemic attacks, chest pain, palpitations and tachycardia, have been reported. Most of the patients in whom these events have been reported had pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors. However, it is not possible to definitively determine whether these events are related directly to these risk factors, to tadalafil, to sexual activity, or to a combination of these or other factors.

Tadalafil (2.5mg and 5mg) - In patients receiving concomitant antihypertensive medicinal products, tadalafil may induce a blood pressure decrease. When initiating daily treatment with tadalafil, appropriate clinical considerations should be given to a possible dose adjustment of the antihypertensive therapy.

In patients who are taking alpha₁ blockers, concomitant administration of tadalafil may lead to symptomatic hypotension in some patients (see section 4.5). The combination of tadalafil and doxazosin is not recommended.

Vision

Visual defects and cases of NAION have been reported in connection with the intake of tadalafil and other PDE5 inhibitors. The patient should be advised that in case of sudden visual defect, he should stop taking tadalafil and consult a physician immediately (see section 4.3).

Renal and hepatic impairment

Due to increased tadalafil exposure (AUC), limited clinical experience and the lack of ability to influence clearance by dialysis, once-a-day dosing of tadalafil is not recommended in patients with severe renal impairment.

There is limited clinical data on the safety of single-dose administration of tadalafil in patients with severe hepatic insufficiency (Child-Pugh class C). Once-a-day administration has not been evaluated in patients with hepatic insufficiency. If Tyra^® is prescribed, a careful individual benefit/risk evaluation should be undertaken by the prescribing physician.

Priapism and anatomical deformation of the penis

Patients who experience erections lasting 4 hours or more should be instructed to seek immediate medical assistance. If priapism is not treated immediately, penile tissue damage and permanent loss of potency may result.

Tadalafil, should be used with caution in patients with anatomical deformation of the penis (such as angulation, cavernosal fibrosis, or Peyronie's disease) or in patients who have conditions which may predispose them to priapism (such as sickle cell anaemia, multiple myeloma, or leukaemia).

Use with CYP3A4 inhibitors

Caution should be exercised when prescribing tadalafil to patients using potent CYP3A4 inhibitors (ritonavir, saquinavir, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and erythromycin), as increased tadalafil exposure (AUC) has been observed if the medicinal products are combined (see section 4.5).

Tyra^® and other treatments for erectile dysfunction

The safety and efficacy of combinations of tadalafil and other PDE5 inhibitors or other treatments for erectile dysfunction have not been studied. The patients should be informed not to take tadalafil in such combinations.

Lactose

Tyra^® contains lactose.

Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.

 

Interaction studies were conducted with 10mg and/or 20mg tadalafil, as indicated below. With regard to those interaction studies where only the 10mg tadalafil dose was used, clinically relevant interactions at higher doses cannot be completely ruled out.

Effects of Other Substances on Tadalafil

Cytochrome P450 inhibitors

Tadalafil is principally metabolised by CYP3A4. A selective inhibitor of CYP3A4, ketoconazole (200mg daily), increased tadalafil (10mg) exposure (AUC) 2-fold and C_max by 15%, relative to the AUC and C_max values for tadalafil alone. Ketoconazole (400mg daily) increased tadalafil (20mg) exposure (AUC) 4-fold and C_max by 22%. Ritonavir, a protease inhibitor (200mg twice daily), which is an inhibitor of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6, increased tadalafil (20mg) exposure (AUC) 2-fold with no change in C_max. Although specific interactions have not been studied, other protease inhibitors, such as saquinavir, and other CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, itraconazole, and grapefruit juice, should be co-administered with caution, as they would be expected to increase plasma concentrations of tadalafil (see section 4.4). Consequently, the incidence of the adverse reactions listed in section 4.8 might be increased.

Transporters

The role of transporters (for example, p-glycoprotein) in the disposition of tadalafil is not known. Therefore, there is the potential of drug interactions mediated by inhibition of transporters.

Cytochrome P450 inducers

A CYP3A4 inducer, rifampicin, reduced tadalafil AUC by 88%, relative to the AUC values for tadalafil alone (10mg). This reduced exposure can be anticipated to decrease the efficacy of tadalafil; the magnitude of decreased efficacy is unknown. Other inducers of CYP3A4, such as phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine, may also decrease plasma concentrations of tadalafil.

Effects of Tadalafil on Other Medicinal Products

Nitrates

Tadalafil (5mg, 10mg and 20mg) was shown to augment the hypotensive effects of nitrates. Therefore, administration of tadalafil to patients who are using any form of organic nitrate is contraindicated (see section 4.3). This interaction lasts for more than 24 hours and is no longer detectable when 48 hours had elapsed after the last tadalafil dose. Thus, in a patient prescribed any dose of tadalafil (2.5mg - 20mg), where nitrate administration is deemed medically necessary in a life-threatening situation, at least 48 hours should have elapsed after the last dose of tadalafil before nitrate administration is considered. In such circumstances, nitrates should only be administered under close medical supervision with appropriate haemodynamic monitoring.

Anti-hypertensives (including calcium channel blockers)

The co-administration of doxazosin (4 and 8mg daily) and tadalafil (5mg daily dose and 20mg as a single dose) increases the blood pressure-lowering effect of this alpha-blocker in a significant manner. This effect lasts at least twelve hours and may be symptomatic, including syncope. Therefore, this combination is not recommended (see section 4.4).

In interaction studies performed in a limited number of healthy volunteers, these effects were not reported with alfuzosin or tamsulosin. However, caution should be exercised when using tadalafil in patients treated with any alpha-blockers, and notably in the elderly. Treatments should be initiated at minimal dosage and progressively adjusted.

The potential for tadalafil to augment the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive medicinal products was tested. Major classes of antihypertensive medicinal products were studied, including calcium-channel blockers (amlodipine), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (enalapril), beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (metoprolol), thiazide diuretics (bendrofluazide), and angiotensin II receptor blockers (various types and doses, alone or in combination with thiazides, calcium-channel blockers, beta-blockers, and/or alpha-blockers). Tadalafil (10mg, has no clinically significant interaction with any of these classes except for studies with angiotensin II receptor blockers and amlodipine in which a 20mg dose was applied). Tadalafil (20mg) was studied in combination with up to 4 classes of antihypertensives. In subjects taking multiple antihypertensives, the ambulatory-blood-pressure changes appeared to relate to the degree of blood pressure control. In this regard, study subjects whose blood pressure was well controlled, the reduction was minimal and similar to that seen in healthy subjects. In study subjects whose blood pressure was not controlled, the reduction was greater, although this reduction was not associated with hypotensive symptoms in the majority of subjects. In patients receiving concomitant antihypertensive medicinal products, tadalafil 20mg may induce a blood pressure decrease, which (with the exception of alpha-blockers - see above) is, in general, minor and not likely to be clinically relevant. There is no expected difference in adverse events in patients taking tadalafil with or without antihypertensive medicinal products. However, appropriate clinical advice should be given to patients regarding a possible decrease in blood pressure when they are treated with antihypertensive medicinal products.

Riociguat

Preclinical studies showed an additive systemic blood pressure lowering effect when PDE5 inhibitors were combined with riociguat.  Riociguat has been shown to augment the hypotensive effects of PDE5 inhibitors.  There was no evidence of favourable clinical effect of the combination in the population studied.  Concomitant use of riociguat with PDE5 inhibitors, including tadalafil, is contraindicated (see section 4.3). 

5- alpha reductase inhibitors

Caution should be exercised when tadalafil is co-administered with 5-ARIs.

CYP1A2 substrates (e.g. theophylline)

When tadalafil 10mg was administered with theophylline (a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor) there is no pharmacokinetic interaction. The only pharmacodynamic effect is a small (3.5 bpm) increase in heart rate. Although this effect is minor and was of no clinical significance in this study, it should be considered when co-administering these medicinal products.

Ethinylestradiol and terbutaline

Tadalafil has been demonstrated to produce an increase in the oral bioavailability of ethinylestradiol; a similar increase may be expected with oral administration of terbutaline, although the clinical consequence of this is uncertain.

Alcohol

Alcohol concentrations (mean maximum blood concentration 0.08%) were not affected by co-administration with tadalafil (10mg or 20mg). In addition, no changes in tadalafil concentrations were seen 3 hours after co-administration with alcohol. Alcohol was administered in a manner to maximise the rate of alcohol absorption (overnight fast with no food until 2 hours after alcohol). Tadalafil (20mg) did not augment the mean blood pressure decrease produced by alcohol (0.7g/kg or approximately 180ml of 40% alcohol [vodka] in an 80 kg male) but, in some subjects, postural dizziness and orthostatic hypotension were observed. When tadalafil was administered with lower doses of alcohol (0.6g/kg), hypotension was not observed and dizziness occurred with similar frequency to alcohol alone. The effect of alcohol on cognitive function was not augmented by tadalafil (10mg).

Cytochrome P450 metabolised medicinal products

Tadalafil is not expected to cause clinically significant inhibition or induction of the clearance of medicinal products metabolised by CYP450 isoforms. Studies have confirmed that tadalafil does not inhibit or induce CYP450 isoforms, including CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19.

CYP2C9 substrates (e.g. R-warfarin)

Tadalafil (10mg and 20mg) has no clinically significant effect on exposure (AUC) to S-warfarin or R-warfarin (CYP2C9 substrate), nor did tadalafil affect changes in prothrombin time induced by warfarin.

Aspirin

Tadalafil (10mg and 20mg) did not potentiate the increase in bleeding time caused by acetylsalicylic acid.

Antidiabetic medicinal products

Specific interaction studies with antidiabetic medicinal products were not conducted.

 

Tyra^® is not indicated for use by women.

Pregnancy

There are limited data from the use of tadalafil in pregnant women. Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to pregnancy, embryonal/foetal development, parturition or postnatal development (see section 5.3). As a precautionary measure, it is preferable to avoid the use of tadalafil during pregnancy.

Breastfeeding

Available pharmacodynamic/toxicological data in animals have shown excretion of tadalafil in milk. A risk to the suckling child cannot be excluded. Tyra^® should not be used during breast feeding.

Fertility

Effects were seen in dogs that might indicate impairment of fertility. Two subsequent clinical studies suggest that this effect is unlikely in humans, although a decrease in sperm concentration was seen in some men (see sections 5.1 and 5.3).

 

Tyra^® has negligible influence on the ability to drive or use machines. Patients should be aware of how they react to Tyra^® before driving or using machines.

 

Summary of the safety profile

The most common adverse reactions in patients taking tadalafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction are headache, dyspepsia, back pain and myalgia, in which the incidences increase with increasing dose of tadalafil. The adverse reactions reported are transient, and generally mild or moderate.

Tabulated summary of adverse reactions

Frequency convention: Very common (≥1/10), Common (≥1/100 to <1/10), Uncommon (≥1/1000 to <1/100), Rare (≥1/10,000 to<1/1000), Very Rare (<1/10,000) and Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).

Very common	Common	Uncommon	Rare
Immune system disorders
		Hypersensitivity reactions	Angioedema2
Nervous system disorders
	Headache	Dizziness	Stroke1 (including haemorrhagic events), Syncope, Transient ischaemic attacks1, Migraine2, Seizures, Transient amnesia
Eye disorders
		Blurred vision, Sensations described as eye pain	Visual field defect, Swelling of eyelids, Conjunctival hyperaemia, Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION)2, Retinal vascular occlusion2
Ear and labyrinth disorders
		Tinnitus	Sudden hearing loss
Cardiac disorders1
		Tachycardia, Palpitations	Myocardial infarction, Unstable angina pectoris3, Ventricular arrhythmia3
Vascular disorders
	Flushing	Hypotension3, Hypertension
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
	Nasal congestion	Dyspnoea, Epistaxis
Gastrointestinal disorders
	Dyspepsia, Gastro-oesophageal reflux	Abdominal pain
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
		Rash, Hyperhydrosis (sweating)	Urticaria, Stevens-Johnson syndrome2, Exfoliative dermatitis2
Renal and urinary disorders
		Haematuria
Musculoskeletal, connective tissue and bone disorders
	Back pain, Myalgia, Pain in extremity
Reproductive system and breast disorders
		Penile haemorrhage, Haematospermia	Prolonged erections, Priapism2
General disorders and administration site conditions
		Chest pain1	Facial oedema2, Sudden cardiac death1,2

¹ Most of the patients had pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors (see section 4.4).

² reported post marketing for tadaladfil .

³ More commonly reported when tadalafil is given to patients who are already taking antihypertensive medicinal products.

Description of selected adverse reactions

A slightly higher incidence of ECG abnormalities, primarily sinus bradycardia, has been reported in patients treated with tadalafil once a day. Most of these ECG abnormalities are not associated with adverse reactions.

 

To report any side effects:

National Pharmacovigilance &amp; amp; Drug Safety Centre (NPC)

•                   Fax: +966-11-205-7662

•                   Call NPC at +966-11-2038222, Exts: 2317-2356-2353-2354-2334-2340.

•                   Toll free phone: 8002490000

•                   E-mail: npc.drug@sfda.gov.sa

•                   Website: www.sfda.gov.sa/npc

Single doses of up to 500mg have been given to healthy subjects, and multiple daily doses up to 100mg have been given to patients. Adverse events were similar to those seen at lower doses.

In cases of overdose, standard supportive measures should be adopted, as required. Haemodialysis contributes negligibly to tadalafil elimination.

 

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Urologicals, Drugs used in erectile dysfunction. ATC code: G04BE08.

Mechanism of action

Tadalafil is a selective, reversible inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). When sexual stimulation causes the local release of nitric oxide, inhibition of PDE5 by tadalafil produces increased levels of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum. This results in smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood into the penile tissues, thereby producing an erection. Tadalafil has no effect in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in the absence of sexual stimulation.

Pharmacodynamic effects

Studies in vitro have shown that tadalafil is a selective inhibitor of PDE5. PDE5 is an enzyme found in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle, vascular and visceral smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, platelets, kidney, lung, and cerebellum. The effect of tadalafil is more potent on PDE5 than on other phosphodiesterases. Tadalafil is >10,000-fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE1, PDE2, and PDE4, enzymes which are found in the heart, brain, blood vessels, liver, and other organs. Tadalafil is >10,000-fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE3, an enzyme found in the heart and blood vessels. This selectivity for PDE5 over PDE3 is important because PDE3 is an enzyme involved in cardiac contractility. Additionally, tadalafil is approximately 700-fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE6, an enzyme which is found in the retina and is responsible for phototransduction. Tadalafil is also >10,000-fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE7 through PDE10.

Clinical efficacy and safety

Tadalafil administered to healthy subjects produced no significant difference in supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mean maximal decrease of 1.6/0.8mmHg, respectively), in standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mean maximal decrease of 0.2/4.6mmHg, respectively), and no significant change in heart rate.

In a study to assess the effects of tadalafil on vision, no impairment of colour discrimination (blue/green) was detected using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test. This finding is consistent with the low affinity of tadalafil for PDE6 compared to PDE5. Across all clinical studies, reports of changes in colour vision were rare (<0.1%).

Three studies were conducted in men to assess the potential effect on spermatogenesis of tadalafil 10mg (one 6-month study) and 20mg (one 6-month and one 9-month study) administered daily. In two of these studies decreases were observed in sperm count and concentration related to tadalafil treatment of unlikely clinical relevance. These effects were not associated with changes in other parameters, such as motility, morphology, and FSH.

Erectile dysfunction

Three clinical studies were conducted in 1054 patients in an at-home setting to define the period of responsiveness to tadalafil. Tadalafil demonstrated statistically significant improvement in erectile function and the ability to have successful sexual intercourse up to 36 hours following dosing, as well as patients' ability to attain and maintain erections for successful intercourse compared to placebo as early as 16 minutes following dosing.

In a 12-week study performed in 186 patients (142 tadalafil, 44 placebo) with erectile dysfunction secondary to spinal cord injury, tadalafil significantly improved the erectile function leading to a mean per-subject proportion of successful attempts in patients treated with tadalafil 10 or 20 mg (flexible-dose, on demand) of 48% as compared to 17% with placebo.

Tadalafil at doses of 2 to 100mg has been evaluated in 16 clinical studies involving 3250 patients, including patients with erectile dysfunction of various severities (mild, moderate, severe), etiologies, ages (range 21-86 years), and ethnicities. Most patients reported erectile dysfunction of at least 1 year in duration. In the primary efficacy studies of general populations, 81% of patients reported that tadalafil improved their erections as compared to 35% with placebo. Also, patients with erectile dysfunction in all severity categories reported improved erections whilst taking tadalafil (86%, 83%, and 72% for mild, moderate, and severe, respectively, as compared to 45%, 42%, and 19% with placebo). In the primary efficacy studies, 75% of intercourse attempts were successful in tadalafil-treated patients as compared to 32% with placebo.

For once-a-day evaluation of tadalafil at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg 3 clinical studies were initially conducted involving 853 patients of various ages (range 21-82 years) and ethnicities, with erectile dysfunction of various severities (mild, moderate, severe) and etiologies. In the two primary efficacy studies of general populations, the mean per-subject proportion of successful intercourse attempts were 57 and 67% on tadalafil 5mg, 50% on tadalafil 2.5mg as compared to 31 and 37% with placebo. In the study in patients with erectile dysfunction secondary to diabetes, the mean per-subject proportion of successful attempts were 41 and 46% on tadalafil 5mg and 2.5mg, respectively, as compared to 28% with placebo. Most patients in these three studies were responders to previous on-demand treatment with PDE5 inhibitors. In a subsequent study, 217 patients who were treatment-naive to PDE5 inhibitors were randomised to tadalafil 5mg once a day vs. placebo. The mean per-subject proportion of successful sexual intercourse attempts was 68% for tadalafil patients compared to 52% for patients on placebo.

Paediatric population

The European Medicines Agency has waived the obligation to submit the results of studies in all subsets of the paediatric population in the treatment of the erectile dysfunction. See section 4.2 for information on paediatric use.

 

Absorption

Tadalafil is readily absorbed after oral administration and the mean maximum observed plasma concentration (C_max) is achieved at a median time of 2 hours after dosing. Absolute bioavailability of tadalafil following oral dosing has not been determined.

The rate and extent of absorption of tadalafil are not influenced by food, thus Tyra^® may be taken with or without food. The time of dosing (morning versus evening) had no clinically relevant effects on the rate and extent of absorption.

Distribution

The mean volume of distribution is approximately 63 litres, indicating that tadalafil is distributed into tissues. At therapeutic concentrations, 94% of tadalafil in plasma is bound to proteins. Protein binding is not affected by impaired renal function.

Less than 0.0005% of the administered dose appeared in the semen of healthy subjects.

Biotransformation

Tadalafil is predominantly metabolised by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 isoform. The major circulating metabolite is the methylcatechol glucuronide. This metabolite is at least 13,000-fold less potent than tadalafil for PDE5. Consequently, it is not expected to be clinically active at observed metabolite concentrations.

Elimination

The mean oral clearance for tadalafil is 2.5 l/h and the mean half-life is 17.5 hours in healthy subjects.

Tadalafil is excreted predominantly as inactive metabolites, mainly in the faeces (approximately 61% of the dose) and to a lesser extent in the urine (approximately 36% of the dose).

Linearity/Non-Linearity

Tadalafil pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects are linear with respect to time and dose. Over a dose range of 2.5mg to 20mg, exposure (AUC) increases proportionally with dose. Steady-state plasma concentrations are attained within 5 days of once daily dosing.

Pharmacokinetics determined with a population approach in patients with erectile dysfunction are similar to pharmacokinetics in subjects without erectile dysfunction.

Special Populations

Elderly

Healthy elderly subjects (65 years or over) had a lower oral clearance of tadalafil, resulting in 25% higher exposure (AUC) relative to healthy subjects aged 19 to 45 years. This effect of age is not clinically significant and does not warrant a dose adjustment.

Renal Insufficiency

After single dose tadalafil (5mg-20mg), tadalafil exposure (AUC) approximately doubled in subjects with mild (creatinine clearance 51 to 80ml/min) or moderate (creatinine clearance 31 to 50ml/min) renal impairment and in subjects with end-stage renal disease on dialysis. In haemodialysis patients, C_max was 41% higher than that observed in healthy subjects. Haemodialysis contributes negligibly to tadalafil elimination.

Hepatic Insufficiency

Tadalafil exposure (AUC) in subjects with mild and moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class A and B) is comparable to exposure in healthy subjects when a dose of 10mg is administered. There is limited clinical data on the safety of tadalafil in patients with severe hepatic insufficiency (Child-Pugh class C). If tadalafil is prescribed, a careful individual benefit/risk evaluation should be undertaken by the prescribing physician. There are no available data about the administration of doses higher than 10mg of tadalafil to patients with hepatic impairment. There are no available data about the administration of once-a-day dosing of tadalafil to patients with hepatic impairment. If tadalafil is prescribed once-a-day, a careful individual benefit/risk evaluation should be undertaken by the prescribing physician.

Patients with Diabetes

Tadalafil exposure (AUC) in patients with diabetes was approximately 19% lower than the AUC value for healthy subjects. This difference in exposure does not warrant a dose adjustment.

 

Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential, and toxicity to reproduction.

There was no evidence of teratogenicity, embryotoxicity, or foetotoxicity in rats or mice that received up to 1000mg/kg/day tadalafil. In a rat prenatal and postnatal development study, the no observed effect dose was 30mg/kg/day. In the pregnant rat the AUC for calculated free drug at this dose was approximately 18-times the human AUC at a 20mg dose.

There was no impairment of fertility in male and female rats. In dogs given tadalafil daily for 6 to 12 months at doses of 25mg/kg/day (resulting in at least a 3-fold greater exposure [range 3.7-18.6] than seen in humans given a single 20mg dose) and above, there was regression of the seminiferous tubular epithelium that resulted in a decrease in spermatogenesis in some dogs. See also section 5.1.

Lactose, croscarmellose sodium, sodium laurilsulphate, hypromellose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, iron oxide yellow (E172), triacetin, titanium dioxide.

Not applicable

24 Months

Store below 30°C in the original package.

Immediate packaging	Outer packaging
PVC/PVDC Aluminum Blister	Carton Leaflet

Tyra^® 20 film-coated tablets are available in packs of 4 tablets (4 blisters each containing one tablet).

 

Medicines should not be disposed of via wastewater or household waste.