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نشرة الممارس الصحي نشرة معلومات المريض بالعربية نشرة معلومات المريض بالانجليزية صور الدواء بيانات الدواء
  SFDA PIL (Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) are under review by Saudi Food and Drug Authority)

1. What Depralex is and what it is used for  

Depralex belongs to a group of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These medicines act on the serotonin-system in the brain by increasing the serotonin level.

Disturbances in the serotonin-system are considered an important factor in the development of depression and related diseases. Depralex contains escitalopram and is used to treat depression (major depressive episodes) and anxiety disorders (such as panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, generalised anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder).

 


2. Before you take Depralex

Do not take Depralex

- If you are allergic (hypersensitive) to escitalopram or any of the other ingredients of Depralex.

If you take other medicines that belongs to a group called MAO inhibitors, including selegiline (used in the treatment of Parkinson´s disease), moclobemide (used in the treatment

of depression) and linezolid (an antibiotic). 

Warnings and precautions

Take special care with Depralex

Please tell your doctor if you have any other condition or illness, as your doctor may need to take this into consideration. In particular, tell your doctor: 

- If you have epilepsy. Treatment with Depralex should be stopped if seizures occur for the first time, or if there is an increase in the seizure frequency.

- If you suffer from impaired liver or kidney function. Your doctor may need to adjust your dosage.

- If you have diabetes. Treatment with Depralex may alter glycaemic control.

- Insulin and/or oral hypoglycaemic dosage may need to be adjusted.

- If you have a decreased level of sodium in the blood.

- If you have a tendency to easily develop bleedings or bruises.

- If you are receiving electroconvulsive treatment.

- If you have coronary heart disease. 

- SSRIs/SNRIs may increase the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.

Please note

Some patients with manic-depressive illness may enter into a manic phase. This is characterized by unusual and rapidly changing ideas, inappropriate happiness and excessive physical activity. If you experience this, contact your doctor.

Symptoms such as restlessness or difficulty to sit or stand still can also occur during the first weeks of the treatment. Tell your doctor immediately if you experience these symptoms.

Thoughts of suicide and worsening of your depression or anxiety disorder 

If you are depressed and/or have anxiety disorders you can sometimes have thoughts of harming or killing yourselves. These may be increased when first starting antidepressants, since these medicines all take time to work, usually about two weeks but sometimes longer. You may be more likely to think like this: 

- If you have previously had thoughts about killing or harming yourself.

- If you are a young adult. Information from clinical trials has shown an increased risk of suicidal behaviour in adults aged less than 25 years with psychiatric conditions who were treated with an antidepressant. 

If you have thoughts of harming or killing yourself at any time, contact your doctor or go to a hospital straight away.

You may find it helpful to tell a relative or close friend that you are depressed or have an anxiety disorder, and ask them to read this leaflet. You might ask them to tell you if they think your depression or anxiety is getting worse, or if they are worried about changes in your behaviour.

Use in children and adolescents under 18 years of age

Depralex should normally not be used for children and adolescents under 18 years. Also, you should know that patients under 18 have an increased risk of side effects such as suicide attempts, suicidal thoughts and hostility (predominately aggression, oppositional behaviour and anger) when they take this class of medicines. Despite this, your doctor may prescribe Depralex for patients under 18 because he/she decides that this is in their best interest. If your doctor has prescribed Depralex for a patient under 18 and you want to discuss this, please go back to your doctor. You should inform your doctor if any symptoms listed above develop or worsen when patients under 18 are taking Depralex. Also, the long term safety effects concerning growth, maturation and cognitive and behavioural development of Depralex in this age group have not yet been demonstrated. 

Taking other medicines

Please tell your doctor if you are taking or have recently taken any other medicines, including medicines obtained without prescription.

Tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines: 

- Non-Selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), containing phenelzine, iproniazid, isocarboxazid, nialamide, and tranylcypromine as active ingredients. If you have taken any of these medicines you will need to wait 14 days before you start taking Depralex. After stopping Depralex you must allow 7 days before taking any of these medicines.

- Reversible, selective MAO-A inhibitors, containing moclobemide (used to treat depression).

- Irreversible MAO-B inhibitors, containing selegiline (used to treat Parkinson’s disease). These increase the risk of side effects.

- The antibiotic linezolid.

- Lithium (used in the treatment of manic-depressive disorder) and tryptophan. Imipramine and desipramine (both used to treat depression).

- Sumatriptan and similar medicines (used to treat migraine) and tramadol

- (used against severe pain). These increase the risk of side effects.

- Cimetidine and omeprazole (used to treat stomach ulcers), fluvoxamine (antidepressant) and ticlopidine (used to reduce the risk of stroke). These may cause increased blood levels of Depralex.

- St. John's Wort (hypericum perforatum) - a herbal remedy used for depression.

- Acetylsalicylic acid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (medicines used for pain relief or to thin the blood, so called anti-coagulant). These may increase

bleeding-tendency.

- Warfarin, dipyridamole, and phenprocoumon (medicines used to thin the blood, so called anti-coagulant). Your doctor will probably check the coagulation time of your blood when starting and discontinuing Depralex in order to verify that your dose of anti-coagulant is still adequate.

- Mefloquin (used to treat Malaria), bupropion (used to treat depression) and tramadol (used to treat severe pain) due to a possible risk of a lowered threshold for seizures.

- Neuroleptics (medicines to treat schizophrenia, psychosis) due to a possible risk of a lowered threshold for seizures, and antidepressants.

- Flecainide, propafenone, and metoprolol (used in cardio-vascular diseases) clomipramine, and nortriptyline (antidepressants) and risperidone, thioridazine, and haloperidol (antipsychotics). The dosage of Depralex may need to be adjusted. 

Taking Depralex with food and drink

Depralex can be taken with or without food.

As with many medicines, combining Depralex with alcohol is not advisable, although Depralex is not expected to interact with alcohol.

Fertility, pregnancy and breast-feeding 

Inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Do not take Depralex if you are pregnant or breast-feeding, unless you and your doctor have discussed the risks and benefits involved. If you take Depralex during the last 3 months of your pregnancy you should be aware that the following effects may be seen in your newborn baby: trouble with breathing, bluish skin, fits, body temperature changes, feeding difficulties, vomiting, low blood sugar, stiff or floppy muscles, vivid reflexes, tremor, jitteriness, irritability, lethargy, constant crying, sleepiness and sleeping difficulties. If your newborn baby has any of these symptoms, please contact your doctor immediately. Make sure your midwife and/or doctor know you are on Depralex. When taken during pregnancy, particularly in the last 3 months of pregnancy, medicines like Depralex may increase the risk of a serious condition in babies, called persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), making the baby breathe faster and appear bluish. These symptoms usually begin during the first 24 hours after the baby is born. If this happens to your baby you should contact your midwife and/or doctor immediately. If used during pregnancy Depralex should never be stopped abruptly.

Observational data indicate an increased risk (less than 2-fold) of postpartum hemorrhage following SSRI/SNRI exposure within the month prior to birth.

Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking any medicine.

Driving and using machines

You are advised not to drive a car or operate machinery until you know how Depralex affects you. 


3. How to take Depralex

Always take Depralex exactly as your doctor has told you. You should check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.  

Adults

Depression: The normally recommended dose of Depralex is 10 mg taken as one daily dose. The dose may be increased by your doctor to a maximum of 20 mg per day.

Panic disorder: The starting dose of Depralex is 5 mg as one daily dose for the first week before increasing the dose to 10 mg per day. The dose may be further increased by your doctor to a maximum of 20 mg per day. 

Social anxiety disorder: The normally recommended dose of Depralex is 10 mg taken as one daily dose. Your doctor can either decrease your dose to 5 mg per day or increase the dose to a maximum of 20 mg per day, depending on how you respond to the medicine.

Generalised anxiety disorder: The normally recommended dose of Depralex is 10 mg taken as one daily dose.

The dose may be increased by your doctor to a maximum of 20 mg per day. 

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: The normally recommended dose of Depralex is 10 mg taken as one daily dose. The dose may be increased by your doctor to a maximum of 20 mg per day. 

Elderly patients (above 65 years of age)

The normally recommended starting dose of Depralex is 5 mg taken as one daily dose. 

Children and adolescents (below 18 years of age)

Depralex should not normally be given to children and adolescents. You can take Depralex with or without food. Swallow the tablet with some water, do not chew them.  If necessary, you can divide the tabletsby firstly placing the tablet on a flat surface with the score facing upwards. The tablets may then be broken by pressing down on each end of the tablet, using both forefingers.

Duration of treatment

It may take a couple of weeks before you start to feel better. Continue to take Depralex even if it takes some time before you feel any improvement in your condition. Do not change the dose of your medicine without talking to your doctor first. Continue to take Depralex for as long as your doctor recommends. If you stop your treatment too soon, your symptoms may return. It is recommended that treatment should be continued for at least 6 months after you feel well again.

If you take more Depralex than you should

If you take more than the prescribed dose of Depralex, contact your doctor or nearest hospital emergency department immediately. Do this even if there are no signs of discomfort. Some of the signs of an overdose could be dizziness, tremor, agitation, convulsion, coma, nausea, vomiting, change in heart rhythm, decreased blood pressure and change in body fluid/salt balance. Take the Depralex box/container with you when you go to the doctor or hospital.  

If you forget to take Depralex

Do not take a double dose to make up for forgotten doses. If you do forget to take a dose, and you remember before you go to bed, take it straight away. Carry on as usual the next day. If you only remember during the night, or the next day, leave out the missed dose and carry on as usual. 

If you stop taking Depralex

Do not stop taking Depralex until your doctor tells you to do so. When you have completed your course of treatment, it is generally advised that the dose of Depralex is gradually reduced over a number of weeks. When you stop taking Depralex, especially if it is abruptly, you may feel discontinuation symptoms. These are common when treatment with Depralex is stopped. The risk is higher, when Depralex has been used for a long time or in high doses or when the dose is reduced too quickly. Most people find that the symptoms are mild and go away on their own within two weeks. However, in some patients they may be severe in intensity or they may be prolonged (2-3 months or more). If you get severe discontinuation symptoms when you stop taking Depralex, please contact your doctor. He or she may ask you to start taking your tablets again and come off them more slowly. Discontinuation symptoms include: Feeling dizzy (unsteady or off-balance), feelings like pins and needles, burning sensations and (less commonly) electric shock sensations, including in the head, sleep disturbances (vivid dreams, nightmares, inability to sleep), feeling anxious, headaches, feeling sick (nausea), sweating (including night sweats), feeling restless or agitated, tremor (shakiness), feeling confused or disorientated, feeling emotional or irritable, diarrhea (loose stools), visual disturbances, fluttering or pounding heartbeat (palpitations).

If you have any further questions on the use of this product, ask your doctor or pharmacist. 

 


4. Possible side effects

Like all medicines, Depralex can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

The side effects usually disappear after a few weeks of treatment. Please be aware that many of the effects may also be symptoms of your illness and therefore will improve when you start to get better.

See your doctor if you get any of the following side effects during treatment:

Uncommon (affects 1 to 10 users in 1000):

- Unusual bleeds, including gastrointestinal bleeds.

Rare (affects 1 to 10 users in 10000): 

- If you experience swelling of skin, tongue, lips, or face, or have difficulties breathing or swallowing (allergic reaction), contact your doctor or go to a hospital straight away.

- If you have a high fever, agitation, confusion, trembling and abrupt contractions of muscles these may be signs of a rare condition called serotonin syndrome. If you feel like this contact your doctor.

If you experience the following side effects you should contact your doctor or go to the hospital straight away: 

- Difficulties urinating.

- Seizures (fits).

- Yellowing of the skin and the white in the eyes are signs of liver function impairment/hepatitis.

In addition to above the following side effects have been reported:

Very common (affects more than 1 user in 10):

- Feeling sick (nausea).

Common (affects 1 to 10 users in 100):

- Blocked or runny nose (sinusitis).

- Decreased or increased appetite. 

- Anxiety, restlessness, abnormal dreams, difficulties falling asleep, feeling sleepy, dizziness, yawning, tremors, prickling of the skin.

- Diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, dry mouth.

- Increased sweating.

- Pain in muscle and joints (arthralgia and myalgia). 

- Sexual disturbances (delayed ejaculation, problems with erection, decreased sexual drive and women may experience difficulties achieving orgasm).  

- Fatigue, fever.

- Increased weight.

Uncommon (affects 1 to 10 users in 1000): 

- Nettle rash (urticaria), rash, itching (pruritus).

- Grinding one’s teeth, agitation, nervousness, panic attack, confusion state.

- Disturbed sleep, taste disturbance, fainting (syncope).

- Enlarged pupils (mydriasis), visual disturbance, ringing in the ears (tinnitus).

- Loss of hair.

- Vaginal bleeding. Decreased weight.

- Fast heart beat.

- Swelling of the arms or legs.

- Nosebleeds. 

Rare (affects 1 to 10 users in 10000): - 

- Aggression, depersonalisation, hallucination.

- Slow heart beat.

Some patients have reported (frequency can not be estimated from the available data): 

- Thoughts of harming yourself or thoughts of killing yourself.

- Decreased levels of sodium in the blood (the symptoms are feeling sick and unwell with weak muscles or confused).

- Dizziness when you stand up due to low blood pressure (orthostatic hypotension).

- Abnormal liver function test (increased amounts of liver enzymes in the blood).

- Movement disorders (involuntary movements of the muscles).

- Painful erections (priapism).

- Bleeding disorders including skin and mucous bleeding (ecchymosis) and low level of blood platelets (thrombocytopenia).

- Sudden swelling of skin or mucosa (angioedema).

- Increase in the amount of urine excreted (inappropriate ADH secretion).

- Flow of milk in women that are not nursing.

- Mania. 

- An increased risk of bone fractures has been observed in patients taking this type of medicines.

Not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data):

-Postpartum haemorrhage.

In addition, a number of side effects are known to occur with drugs that work in a similar way to escitalopram (the active ingredient of Depralex). These are:  

- Motor restlessness (akathisia).

- Anorexia.

If any of the side effects gets serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet, please tell your doctor or pharmacist.  


5. How to store Depralex

Keep out of reach of children.

Store below 30°C.

Do not use beyond the expiry date or if the product shows any sign of deterioration.


6. Further information  

What Depralex tablet contains:

Depralex 10 mg: Each film coated tablet contains: Escitalopram oxalate equivalent to 10 mg escitalopram.

Depralex 20 mg: Each film coated tablet contains: Escitalopram oxalate equivalent to 20 mg escitalopram.

Excipients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, talc, colloidal silicone dioxide, magnesium stearate, HPMC, PEG, titanium Dioxide & simethicone.

 


Presentations: Depralex 10 mg: Packs of 28 Film Coated Tablets. Depralex 20 mg: Packs of 28 Film Coated Tablets. Hospital packs are available.

To report any side effect(s):

• Saudi Arabia:

The National Pharmacovigilance Center (NPC):

Fax: +966-11-205-7662

SFDA Call Center: 19999

E-mail: npc.drug@sfda.gov.sa

Website: https://ade.sfda.gov.sa

• Other GCC States:

Please contact the relevant competent authority.

 

Manufactured by:

TABUK PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY,

MADINA ROAD, P.O. Box 3633, TABUK-SAUDI ARABIA.


Nov.2020 44117/R43
  نشرة الدواء تحت مراجعة الهيئة العامة للغذاء والدواء (اقرأ هذه النشرة بعناية قبل البدء في استخدام هذا المنتج لأنه يحتوي على معلومات مهمة لك)

1. ما هو ديبرالكس و ما هي دواعي استعماله

  ينتمي ديبرالكس إلى مجموعة من الأدوية المضادة للاكتئاب تسمى مثبطات مستقبلات إعادة أخذ السيروتونين المنتقاة. تعمل هذه الأدوية على نظام السيروتونين في الدماغ عن طريق زيادة مستوى السيروتونين. تعتبر الاضطرابات في نظام السيروتونين عامل مهم في حدوث الاكتئاب والأمراض المتعلقة به. ي

حتوي ديبرالكس على ايسيتالوبرام و يستعمل لعلاج الاكتئاب (نوبات الاكتئاب الشديد) واضطرابات القلق (مثل اضطراب الرعب المصحوب أو غير المصحوب بالرهبة من الأماكن المفتوحة، اضطراب القلق الاجتماعي، اضطراب القلق العمومي و الاضطراب الوسواسي الإجباري).

 

2. قبل القيام بتناول ديبرالكس

موانع استعمال ديبرالكس

- إذا كنت تعاني من الحساسية (فرط الحساسية) لايسيتالوبرام أو أي مكونات أخرى في ديبرالكس.

- إذا كنت تتناول أدوية أخرى تنتمي إلى مجموعة الأدوية المثبطة لإنزيم مونو أمينو أوكسيديز (MAOIs)، التي تتضمن سيليجيلين (يستعمل لعلاج مرض باركنسون)، موكلوبميد (يستعمل في علاج الاكتئاب) و لينيزوليد (مضاد حيوي).

المحاذير والاحتياطات:

الاحتياطات عند تناول ديبرالكس

الرجاء إخبار طبيبك إذا كنت تعاني من أي حالة أخرى أو مرض آخر، حيث قد يحتاج طبيبك لأخذ هذا بعين الاعتبار. بشكل خاص، أخبر طبيبك: 

- إذا كنت تعاني من الصرع. يجب إيقاف العلاج بديبرالكس إذا حدثت نوبات صرع لأول مرة، أو إذا حدث زيادة في تكرار حدوث نوبات الصرع.

- إذا كنت تعاني من قصور في وظيفة الكبد أو الكلى. قد يحتاج طبيبك لتعديل جرعتك.

- إذا كنت تعاني من داء السكري.قد يغير العلاج بديبرالكس من ضبط مستوى السكر في الدم. قد يكون هناك حاجة لتعديل جرعة الإنسولين و/أو الأدوية المخفضة لمستوى سكر الدم التي يتم تناولها عن طريق الفم.

- إذا كنت تعاني من انخفاض مستوى الصوديوم في الدم.

- قد تزيد مثبطات إعادة امتصاص السيروتونين الإنتقائية ومثبطات إعادة امتصاص السيروتونين و النورأدرينالين من خطر حدوث نزيف ما بعد الولادة.

إذا كان عندك قابلية لحدوث نزيف أو كدمات بسهولة.

إذا كنت تخضع لعلاج التشنجات أو الاختلاجات كهربائياً.

إذا كنت تعاني من مرض القلب الإكليلي.

الرجاء ملاحظة ما يلي:

قد يدخل بعض المرضى الذين يعانون من مرض الاكتئاب الهوسي في مرحلة هوس. تتميز هذه المرحلة بالأفكار غير الطبيعية وسرعة تغيرها، الشعور بالسعادة  في وقت غير مناسب و فرط النشاط  الفيزيائي. إذا لاحظت ذلك، اتصل بطبيبك.

من الممكن أيضاً أن تحدث أعراض مثل عدم الشعور بالراحة أو صعوبة في الجلوس أو الوقوف خلال الأسابيع الأولى من العلاج. أخبر طبيبك على الفور إذا لاحظت هذه الأعراض.

التفكير بالانتحار و ازدياد حالة الاكتئاب أو اضطراب القلق سوء

قد تراودك أحياناً أفكار بإيذاء أو قتل نفسك إذا كنت تعاني من الاكتئاب و/أو اضطرابات القلق. قد تزداد هذه الأفكار عند بداية العلاج بمضادات الاكتئاب، حيث أن جميع هذه الأدوية تحتاج إلى وقت لتعمل، عادة حوالي أسبوعين لكن في بعض الأحيان تحتاج فترة أطول.

من المحتمل أكثر أن تفكر في هذه الطريقة:  

- إذا عانيت في السابق من تفكير بقتل أو إيذاء نفسك.

- إذا كنت من البالغين الشباب. أظهرت المعلومات من التجارب السريرية ازدياد خطر السلوك الانتحاري عند البالغين الذين يبلغون من العمر أقل من 25 عاماً و يعانون من حالات نفسية وتم علاجهم بمضاد اكتئاب.

إذا فكرت بإيذاء أو قتل نفسك في أي وقت، اتصل بطبيبك أو اذهب إلى المستشفى على الفور.  

قد تجده مفيدا بأن تخبر أحد الأقارب أو صديق مقرب بأنك تعاني من الاكتئاب أو من اضطراب القلق، واطلب منهم قراءة هذه النشرة. من الممكن أن تطلب منهم إخبارك إذا كانوا يعتقدون بأن حالة الاكتئاب أو القلق لديك تزداد سوء، أو إذا كانوا قلقين من التغيرات في تصرفك.  

الاستعمال للأطفال و المراهقين الأقل من 18 عاماً من العمر

بشكل طبيعي يجب عدم استعمال ديبرالكس للأطفال و المراهقين الأقل من 18 عاماً. أيضاً، يجب أن تعلم بأن المرضى الأقل من 18 عاماً من العمر يزداد تعرضهم لخطر الآثار الجانبية مثل محاولات الانتحار، الأفكار الانتحارية و العدائية (في الغالب تصرفات عدوانية، عدم تقبل الآخر و الإحساس بالغضب) عند تناولهم لهذه المجموعة من الدواء. على الرغم من هذا، قد يصف طبيبك ديبرالكس لمرضى تقل أعمارهم عن 18 عاماً لأنه هو/هي يقرر إذا كان ذلك في مصلحتهم. إذا وصف طبيبك ديبرالكس لمريض يقل عمره عن 18 عاماً و أردت أن تناقش هذا، الرجاء مراجعة طبيبك. يجب أن تخبر طبيبك إذا حدث أي من الأعراض المذكورة في الأعلى أو ازدادت سوءاً عند تناول المرضى الأقل من 18 عاماً ديبرالكس.

أيضاً، لم يتم بعد إثبات آثار السلامة طويلة الأمد المتعلقة بالنمو، النضوج و التطور المعرفي والسلوكي لديبرالكس عند الأشخاص الذين ينتمون لهذه المجموعة من العمر.

تناول أدوية أخرى

الرجاء إخبار طبيبك إذا كنت تتناول أو قد تناولت مؤخرا أي أدوية أخرى، بما في ذلك الأدوية التي يتم الحصول عليها بدون وصفة طبية.

أخبر طبيبك إذا كنت تتناول أي من الأدوية التالية:

- مثبطات إنزيم مونو أمينو أوكسيديز غير الانتقائية (MAOIs)، المحتوية على فينيلزين، ابرونيازيد، أيزوكاربوكسازيد، نيالميد، و ترانيلسيبرومين كمواد فعالة. إذا تناولت أي من هذه الأدوية سوف تحتاج للانتظار 14 يوماً قبل بدء تناول ديبرالكس. بعد التوقف عن تناول ديبرالكس يجب الانتظار لمدة 7 أيام قبل تناول أي من هذه الأدوية.

- مثبطات إنزيم مونو أمينو أوكسيديز-MAO-A) A) الانتقائية، المنعكسة، المحتوية على موكلوبيميد (يستعمل لعلاج الاكتئاب).

- مثبطات إنزيم مونو أمينو أوكسيديز-MAO-B) B) غير المنعكسة، المحتوية على سيليجيلين (يستعمل لعلاج مرض باركنسون). تزيد هذه من خطر الآثار الجانبية.

- المضاد الحيوي لينزوليد.

- الليثيوم (يستعمل لعلاج اضطراب الاكتئاب الهوسي) و تريبتوفان.

- اميبرامين و ديسيبرامين (يستعمل كلاهما لعلاج الاكتئاب).

- سوماتريبتان و أدوية مشابهة (تستعمل لعلاج الشقيقة) و ترامادول (يستعمل كمضاد للألم الشديد). تزيد هذه من خطر الآثار الجانبية.

- سيميتيدين و أوميبرازول (يستعمل لعلاج تقرحات المعدة)، فلوڤوكسامين (مضاد للاكتئاب) وتيكلوبيدين (يستعمل لتقليل خطر السكتة الدماغية).

- قد تسبب هذه زيادة مستويات ديبرالكس في الدم. نبتة سانت جون (هيبيريكيوم بيرفوراتم) - علاج عشبي يستعمل للاكتئاب.

- حمض أسيتيل سالساليك و مضادات الالتهاب غير الستيرويدية (أدوية تستعمل لتخفيف الألم أو لمنع تجلط الدم، تسمى أيضاً مضادات التجلط). قد تزيد هذه الأدوية من قابلية النزيف.

- وارفارين، دايبيريدامول، و فنبروكومون (أدوية تستعمل لمنع تجلط الدم، تسمى أيضاً مضادات التجلط). من المحتمل أن يقوم طبيبك بمراقبة زمن تجلط  الدم لديك عند بدء العلاج بديبرالكس وعند التوقف عن تناوله حتى يتأكد بأن جرعتك من مضاد التجلط لا تزال كافية.

- ميفلوكوين (يستعمل لعلاج الملاريا)، بوبروبيون (يستعمل لعلاج الاكتئاب) و ترامادول (يستعمل لعلاج الألم الحاد) بسبب الخطر المحتمل لانخفاض عتبة النوبات.

- مضادات الذهان (أدوية تستعمل لعلاج الفصام، الذهان) بسبب الخطر المحتمل لانخفاض عتبة النوبات، و مضادات الاكتئاب.

- فليكينيد، بروبافينون، و ميتوبرولول (تستعمل في الأمراض القلبية الوعائية) كلوميبرامين، ونورتربتيلين (مضاد للاكتئاب) و ريسبيريدون، ثيوريدازين، وهالوبيريدول (مضادات الذهان). قد يكون هناك حاجة لتعديل جرعة ديبرالكس

تناول ديبرالكس مع الطعام والشراب

من الممكن تناول ديبرالكس مع أو بدون تناول الطعام.

كما هو الحال مع العديد من الأدوية، فإنه لا ينصح بتناول ديبرالكس بالتزامن مع الكحول، على الرغم من أنه من غير المتوقع أن يحدث تفاعل بينهما.

الخصوبة، الحمل و الإرضاع

أخبري طبيبك إذا كنت حاملا أو تخططين للحمل. لا تتناولي ديبرالكس إذا كنت حاملا أو مرضعة، ما لم تناقشي مع طبيبك المخاطر و المنافع المحتملة.

إذا تناولت ديبرالكس خلال الشهور الثلاث الأخيرة من الحمل يجب أن تكوني حذرة من أنه من المحتمل ملاحظة الآثار التالية عند طفلك حديث الولادة: مشكلة في التنفس، جلد مزرق، نوبات صرع أو نوبات ظهور أعراض مفاجئة، تغيرات في درجة حرارة الجسم، صعوبات في التغذية، قيء، انخفاض مستوى سكر الدم، تصلب أو انخفاض توتر العضلات، ردود فعل لا إرادية قوية، رعاش، عصبية، سرعة الغضب، وسن، بكاء مستمر، نعاس و صعوبات في القدرة على النوم. إذا حصل عند طفلك حديث الولادة أي من هذه الأعراض، الرجاء الاتصال بطبيبك على الفور.

تأكدي من أن طبيبك و/أو القابلة يعلمون بأنك تتناولين ديبرالكس.

عند تناوله خلال فترة الحمل، خاصة خلال الأشهر الثلاث الأخيرة من الحمل، قد تزيد الأدوية مثل ديبرالكس التعرض لاحتمالية حدوث حالة خطرة عند الأطفال، تسمى ارتفاع ضغط الدم الرئوي المستمر لحديث الولادة (PPHN)، تجعل تنفس الطفل أسرع و يبدو مزرق. يبدأ ظهور هذه الأعراض عادة خلال أول 24 ساعة من الولادة. إذا حصل هذا لطفلك يجب عليك الاتصال على الفور بطبيبك و/أو القابلة. إذا تم استعمال ديبرالكس خلال فترة الحمل يجب عدم التوقف عن تناوله فجأة.

أظهرت بيانات المراقبة ارتفاع خطر حدوث نزيف ما بعد الولادة (أقل من ضعفين) عند تناول مثبطات إعادة امتصاص السيروتونين الإنتقائية ومثبطات إعادة امتصاص السيروتونين والنورأدرينالين خلال الشهر الذي يسبق موعد الولادة.

اطلبي من طبيبك أو الصيدلاني النصيحة قبل تناول أي دواء.  

قيادة المركبات و استخدام الآلات

لا ينصح بقيادة المركبة أو تشغيل الآلات حتى تعرف كيف يؤثر ديبرالكس عليك.

3. ما هي طريقة تناول ديبرالكس

دائما تناول ديبرالكس تماماً كما أخبرك طبيبك. إذا لم تكن متأكداً، يجب أن تتأكد من طبيبك أو الصيدلاني.

البالغون

الاكتئاب: الجرعة الاعتيادية الموصى بها من ديبرالكس 10 ملجم يتم تناولها كجرعة واحدة يومياً. من الممكن أن يزيد طبيبك الجرعة لتصل إلى الجرعة القصوى التي تبلغ 20 ملجم يومياً.

اضطراب الرعب: الجرعة المبدئية من ديبرالكس 5 ملجم كجرعة واحدة يومياً لأول أسبوع قبل زيادة الجرعة إلى 10 ملجم يومياً. قد يقوم طبيبك بزيادة الجرعة زيادة إضافية لتصل إلى الجرعة القصوى التي تبلغ 20 ملجم يومياً.

اضطراب القلق الاجتماعي: الجرعة الاعتيادية الموصى بها من ديبرالكس 10 ملجم يتم تناولها كجرعة واحدة يومياً. قد يقوم طبيبك إما بتقليل جرعتك لتصل إلى 5 ملجم يومياً أو بزيادتها لتصل إلى الجرعة القصوى التي تبلغ 20 ملجم يومياً، اعتماداً على استجابتك للدواء.

اضطراب القلق العمومي: الجرعة الاعتيادية الموصى بها من ديبرالكس 10 ملجم يتم تناولها كجرعة واحدة يومياً. من الممكن أن يزيد طبيبك الجرعة لتصل إلى الجرعة القصوى التي تبلغ 20 ملجم يومياً.

الاضطراب الوسواسي الإجباري: الجرعة الاعتيادية الموصى بها من ديبرالكس 10 ملجم يتم تناولها كجرعة واحدة يومياً. من الممكن أن يزيد طبيبك الجرعة لتصل إلى الجرعة القصوى التي تبلغ 20 ملجم يومياً.

كبار السن (أكبر من 65 عاماً)

الجرعة الاعتيادية المبدئية الموصى بها من ديبرالكس هي 5 ملجم يتم تناولها كجرعة واحدة يومياً.

الأطفال والمراهقون (تحت سن 18 عاماً)

بشكل طبيعي يجب عدم إعطاء ديبرالكس للأطفال و المراهقين. من الممكن أن تتناول ديبرالكس مع أو بدون تناول الطعام. ابتلع الأقراص مع قليل من الماء، لا تمضغها. إذا لزم الأمر، يمكنك أن تقسم الأقراص بوضع القرص على سطح مستو أولاً حيث تكون أطراف القرص إلى الأعلى، ثم يتم تقسيم الأقراص بالضغط للأسفل عند نهاية كل طرف، باستعمال كلا السبابتين.

مدة العلاج

قد يحتاج العلاج أسبوعين على الأقل قبل أن تشعر بتحسن. استمر في تناول ديبرالكس حتى لو احتجت بعض الوقت قبل أن تشعر بأي تحسن في حالتك. لا تغير جرعتك من الدواء دون أن تتكلم مع طبيبك أولاً. استمر في تناول ديبرالكس طالما يوصي طبيبك بذلك. إذا توقفت عن تناول دوائك خلال فترة قصيرة، قد تظهر الأعراض من جديد. يجب الاستمرار في العلاج لمدة 6 أشهر على الأقل بعد الشعور بالتحسن مرة أخرى.  

إذا تناولت ديبرالكس أكثر مما يجب

إذا تناولت جرعة ديبرالكس أكثر من الجرعة الموصى بها، اتصل مع طبيبك أو قسم طوارئ في أقرب مستشفى على الفور. قم بذلك حتى لو لم تظهر أي علامات لعدم الارتياح. قد تكون بعض علامات زيادة الجرعة دوار، رعاش، تهيج، تشنجات، غيبوبة، غثيان، قيء، تغير في نظمية القلب، انخفاض ضغط الدم و تغير في توازن السائل/الملح في الجسم. اصطحب معك عبوة ديبرالكس عند ذهابك إلى الطبيب أو المستشفى.

إذا نسيت تناول جرعة ديبرالكس

لا تتناول جرعة مضاعفة لتعويض الجرعات الفائتة. إذا نسيت تناول جرعة، وتذكرت قبل ذهابك إلى السرير، تناولها على الفور. واستمر كالمعتاد في اليوم التالي. إذا تذكرت فقط خلال الليل، أو في اليوم التالي، اترك الجرعة الفائتة واستمر كالمعتاد.

إذا توقفت عن تناول ديبرالكس

لا تتوقف عن تناول ديبرالكس حتى يخبرك طبيبك بذلك. عندما تكمل علاجك، ينصح بشكل عام بأن تقلل جرعة ديبرالكس تدريجياً خلال عدة أسابيع. عندما تتوقف عن تناول ديبرالكس، خاصة إذا كان ذلك فجأة، قد تشعر بأعراض التوقف عن تناول ديبرالكس. وتكون هذه الأعراض شائعة عند توقف العلاج بديبرالكس. يكون الخطر أكبر، عند استعمال ديبرالكس لفترة طويلة أو بجرعات عالية أو عندما تقلل الجرعة بسرعة كبيرة. يجد معظم الناس أن هذه الأعراض معتدلة و تذهب لوحدها خلال أسبوعين. على أي حال، عند بعض المرضى قد تكون الأعراض حادة في شدتها أو قد تطول (لمدة 2-3 أشهر أو أكثر). إذا حدثت أعراض حادة ناتجة عند توقفك عن تناول ديبرالكس، الرجاء الاتصال بطبيبك. قد يطلب منك هو أو هي بدء تناول الأقراص مرة أخرى ويتم التوقف عن تناولها بشكل تدريجي.

تتضمن أعراض التوقف عن تناول ديبرالكس: الشعور بالدوار (عدم الثبات أو عدم التوازن)، تشوش الحس؛ و هو الإحساس بالبرودة، الحرقة، أو الإحساس بوخز خفيف، الشعور بالحرقة و (أقل شيوعاً) الشعور بصدمة كهربائية، بما في ذلك الشعور الذي يحدث في الرأس، اضطرابات النوم (أحلام  تتذكرها بكل تفاصيلها كأنها حصلت مؤخراً، كوابيس، عدم القدرة على النوم)، الشعور بالقلق، صداع، الشعور بالغثيان، التعرق (يتضمن التعرق الليلي)، الشعور بعدم الارتياح أو التهيج، رعاش، الشعور بالارتباك أو عدم التوازن، الشعور بالعاطفة أو سرعة الغضب، إسهال (براز لين)، اضطرابات في الرؤية، نبض القلب المصحوب برفرفة أو خفقان القلب بشدة (خفقان).

إذا كانت لديك أي أسئلة إضافية عن استعمال هذا الدواء، قم باستشارة طبيبك أو الصيدلاني.

 

4. الآثار الجانبية المحتملة

مثل كل الأدوية، قد يسبب ديبرالكس آثار جانبية، على الرغم من عدم حدوثها لدى الجميع.

تختفي عادة الآثار الجانبية بعد أسابيع قليلة من العلاج. الرجاء أن تكون حذراً بأن عدد من الآثار قد تكون أيضاً من أعراض مرضك و لذلك سوف تتحسن عند بدء تحسنك.

أخبر طبيبك إذا حصل عندك أي من الآثار الجانبية التالية خلال فترة العلاج:

غير شائعة (تؤثر على 1 إلى 10 من كل 1000 شخص): 

- نزيف غير طبيعي، بما في ذلك النزيف المعدي المعوي.

نادرة (تؤثر على 1 إلى 10 من كل 10000 شخص):

- إذا لاحظت تورم الجلد، اللسان، الشفاه، أو الوجه، أو عانيت من صعوبات في التنفس أو البلع (تفاعل تحسسي)، اتصل بطبيبك أو اذهب إلى المستشفى على الفور.

- إذا كنت تعاني من ارتفاع درجة الحرارة، تهيج، ارتباك، ارتعاش و تقلصات مفاجئة للعضلات وقد تكون هذه علامات لحالة نادرة تسمى متلازمة السيروتونين. إذا شعرت بهذا اتصل مع طبيبك.

إذا تعرضت لأي من الآثار الجانبية التالية يجب عليك الاتصال بطبيبك أو الذهاب إلى المستشفى على الفور:

- صعوبات في التبول.

- نوبات صرع (أو نوبات ظهور أعراض مفاجئة).

- اصفرار الجلد وبياض العيون هي علامات لقصور وظيفة الكبد/التهاب الكبد.

بالإضافة إلى الآثار المذكورة في الأعلى سجلت الآثار الجانبية التالية:

شائعة جداً (تؤثر على أكثر من 1 من كل 10 أشخاص):

- الشعور بالغثيان.

شائعة (تؤثر على 1 إلى 10 من كل 100 شخص):

- احتقان أو سيلان الأنف (التهاب الجيوب).

- انخفاض أو زيادة الشهية.

- قلق، عدم الشعور بالراحة، أحلام غير طبيعية، صعوبات في القدرة على النوم، الشعور بالنعاس، دوار، تثاؤب، رعاش، ظهور  بقع حمراء على الجلد.

- إسهال، إمساك، قيء، جفاف الفم.

- زيادة التعرق.

- ألم في العضلات و المفاصل.

- اضطرابات جنسية (تأخر القذف، مشاكل في الانتصاب، نقص الدافع الجنسي و قد تواجه المرأة صعوبات في الوصول إلى ذروة الشبق).

- تعب، حمى.

- زيادة في الوزن.

غير شائعة (تؤثر على 1 إلى 10 من كل 1000 شخص):

- طفح القراص (شرى)، طفح، حكة.

- سحن الأسنان، تهيج، عصبية، نوبات رعب، حالة ارتباك.

- اضطراب النوم ، اضراب حاسة التذوق، إغماء (غشيان).

- اتساع البؤبؤ، اضطراب الرؤية، رنين في الأذن (طنين).

- فقدان الشعر.

- نزيف مهبلي.

- فقدان الوزن.

- دقات القلب سريعة.

- تورم الذراعين والساقين.

- نزيف الأنف.

نادرة (تؤثر على 1 إلى 10 من كل 10000 شخص):

- عصبية، تبدد أو ضياع الشخصية، هلوسة.

- دقات القلب بطيئة.

بعض المرضى سجلوا آثار جانبية (لا يمكن تقدير تكرار حدوثها من البيانات المتوفرة): 

- تفكير بإيذاء أو قتل نفسك.

- انخفاض مستويات الصوديوم في الدم (تتضمن أعراضه الشعور بالغثيان و التعب مع ضعف العضلات أو ارتباك).

- دوار عند الوقوف بسبب انخفاض ضغط الدم (انخفاض ضغط الدم الانتصابي).

- نتائج غير طبيعية لفحص وظيفة الكبد (ازدياد كميات إنزيمات الكبد في الدم). اضطرابات في الحركة (حركات لاإرادية للعضلات).

- انتصاب مؤلم (قساحة).

- اضطرابات النزيف تتضمن  نزيف في الجلد و نزيف مخاطي (كدمة) انخفاض مستوى الصفيحات في الدم (قلة الصفيحات).

- تورم مفاجىء للجلد أو الأغشية المخاطية (أوديما وعائية).

- ازدياد كمية البول المفرز (إفراز غير مناسب للهرمون المضاد لإدرار البول (ADH)).

- تدفق الحليب من المرأة غير المرضعة.

- هوس.

- زيادة خطر التعرض لكسور العظم تم ملاحظتها عند المرضى الذين يتناولون هذا النوع من الأدوية.

تكرار حدوثها غير معروف (لا يمكن تقدير تكرار حدوثها من المعلومات المتوفرة):

- نزيف ما بعد الولادة.

بالإضافة  إلى ذلك، هناك آثار جانبية معروفة بحدوثها عند تناول الأدوية التي تعمل بطريقة مشابهة لايسيتالوبرام (المادة الفعالة في ديبرالكس). و هي:

- عدم الراحة عند الحركة (اللاجلوسية).

- قلة الشهوة للطعام.    

إذا ازدادت حدة أي من الآثار الجانبية، أو إذا لاحظت أي آثار جانبية لم تذكر في هذه النشرة، يرجى إخبار طبيبك أو الصيدلاني.

5. ظروف تخزين ديبرالكس

يحفظ بعيداً عن متناول الأطفال.

يحفظ في درجة حرارة أقل من 30 °م.

لا تستعمل الدواء بعد انتهاء مدة صلاحيته أو عند ملاحظة أي علامة تلف فيه.

 

6. معلومات اضافية

ماذا يحتوي ديبرالكس

ديبرالكس 10 ملجم: يحتوي كل قرص مغلف على: ايسيتالوبرام أوكساليت ما يعادل 10 ملجم ايسيتالوبرام.

ديبرالكس 20 ملجم: يحتوي كل قرص مغلف على: ايسيتالوبرام أوكساليت ما يعادل 20 ملجم ايسيتالوبرام.

السواغات: ميكروكريستالين سلليلوز، كروسكارميلوز الصوديوم، تلك، ثاني أكسيد السيليكون الغروي، ستيرات المغنيسيوم، هيدروكسي بروبيل ميثيل سلليلوز، بولي ايثيلين جلايكول، ثاني أكسيد التيتانيوم و سيميثيكون. 

 

العبوات:

ديبرالكس 10 ملجم: عبوة تحتوي على 28 قرصاً مغلفاً.

ديبرالكس 20 ملجم: عبوة تحتوي على 28 قرصاً مغلفاً.

تتوفر عبوات خاصة بالمستشفيات.

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المركز الوطني للتيقظ والسلامة الدوائية
فاكس: 7662-205-11-966+
مركز اتصال الهيئة العامة للغذاء و الدواء: 19999
البريد الالكتروني: npc.drug@sfda.gov.sa
الموقع الالكتروني: https://ade.sfda.gov.sa 
• دول الخليج الأخرى:
الرجاء الاتصال بالمؤسسات والهيئات الوطنية في كل دولة.

 

إنتاج:

شركة تبوك للصناعات الدوائية، طريق المدينة،

ص.ب 3633، تبوك-المملكة العربية السعودية.

Nov.2020 44117/R43
 Read this leaflet carefully before you start using this product as it contains important information for you

DEPRALEX 20 mg Tablets

Each film coated tablet contains Escitalopram oxalate equivalent to 20 mg Escitalopram For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

Film-coated tablet: DEPRALEX 20 mg: White to off-white, oval shaped film coated tablets engraved with “XY” and break line on one side and plain on the other side.

Treatment of major depressive episodes. 

Treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. 

Treatment of social anxiety disorder (social phobia). 

Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. 

Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. 


Safety of daily doses above 20 mg has not been demonstrated. 

DEPRALEX is administered as a single daily dose and may be taken with or without food. 

Major depressive episodes 

Depending on individual patient response, the dose may be increased to a maximum of 

20 mg daily. 

Usually 2-4 weeks are necessary to obtain antidepressant response. After the symptoms resolve, treatment for at least 6 months is required for consolidation of the response. 

Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia 

An initial dose of 5 mg is recommended for the first week before increasing the dose to 10 mg daily. The dose may be further increased, up to a maximum of 20 mg daily, dependent on individual patient response. 

Maximum effectiveness is reached after about 3 months. The treatment lasts several months. 

Social anxiety disorder 

Usual dosage is 10 mg once daily. Usually 2-4 weeks are necessary to obtain symptom relief. The dose may subsequently, depending on individual patient response, be decreased to 5 mg or increased to a maximum of 20 mg daily. 

Social anxiety disorder is a disease with a chronic course, and treatment for 12 weeks is recommended to consolidate response. Long-term treatment of responders has been studied for 6 months and can be considered on an individual basis to prevent relapse; treatment benefits should be re-evaluated at regular intervals. 

Social anxiety disorder is a well-defined diagnostic terminology of a specific disorder, which should not be confounded with excessive shyness. Pharmacotherapy is only indicated if the disorder interferes significantly with professional and social activities. 

The place of this treatment compared to cognitive behavioural therapy has not been assessed. Pharmacotherapy is part of an overall therapeutic strategy. 

Generalized anxiety disorder 

Initial dosage is 10 mg once daily. Depending on the individual patient response, the dose may be increased to a maximum of 20 mg daily. 

Long-term treatment of responders has been studied for at least 6 months in patients receiving 20 mg daily. Treatment benefits and dose should be re-evaluated at regular intervals (see Section 5.1). 

Obsessive-compulsive disorder 

Initial dosage is 10 mg once daily. Depending on the individual patient response, the dose may be increased to a maximum of 20 mg daily. 

As OCD is a chronic disease, patients should be treated for a sufficient period to ensure that they are symptom free. 

Treatment benefits and dose should be re-evaluated at regular intervals (see section 5.1). 

Elderly patients (> 65 years of age) 

Initial treatment with half the usually recommended dose and a lower maximum dose should be considered (see section 5.2). 

The efficacy of Escitalopram in social anxiety disorder has not been studied in elderly patients. 

Children and adolescents (<18 years) 

DEPRALEX should not be used in the treatment of children and adolescents under the age of 18 years (see section 4.4). 

Reduced renal function 

Dosage adjustment is not necessary in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. Caution is advised in patients with severely reduced renal function (CLCR less than 30 ml/min.) (see section 5.2). 

Reduced hepatic function 

An initial dose of 5 mg daily for the first two weeks of treatment is recommended in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. Depending on individual patient response, the dose may be increased to 10 mg daily. Caution and extra careful dose titration is advised in patients with severely reduced hepatic function (see section 5.2). 

Poor metabolisers of CYP2C19 

For patients who are known to be poor metabolisers with respect to CYP2C19, an initial dose of 5 mg daily during the first two weeks of treatment is recommended. Depending on individual patient response, the dose may be increased to 10 mg daily (see section 5.2). 

Discontinuation symptoms seen when stopping treatment 

Abrupt discontinuation should be avoided. When stopping treatment with escitalopram the dose should be gradually reduced over a period of at least one to two weeks in order to reduce the risk of discontinuation symptoms (see section 4.4 and 4.8). If intolerable symptoms occur following a decrease in the dose or upon discontinuation of treatment, then resuming the previously prescribed dose may be considered. Subsequently, the physician may continue decreasing the dose, but at a more gradual rate. 


Hypersensitivity to Escitalopram or to any of the excipients. Concomitant treatment with non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-inhibitors) is contraindicated due to the risk of serotonin syndrome with agitation, tremor, hyperthermia etc. (see section 4.5). The combination of Escitalopram with reversible MAO-A inhibitors (e.g. moclobemide) or the reversible non-selective MAO-inhibitor linezolid is contraindicated due to the risk of onset of a serotonin syndrome (see section 4.5). Escitalopram is contraindicated in patients with known QT interval prolongation or congenital long QT syndrome. Escitalopram is contraindicated together with medicinal products that are known to prolong the QT interval (see section 4.5).

The following special warnings and precautions apply to the therapeutic class of SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors). 

Use in children and adolescents under 18 years of age 

DEPRALEX should not be used in the treatment of children and adolescents under the age of 18 years. Suicide-related behaviours (suicide attempt and suicidal thoughts), and hostility (predominantly aggression, oppositional behaviour and anger) were more frequently observed in clinical trials among children and adolescents treated with antidepressants compared to those treated with placebo. If, based on clinical need, a decision to treat is nevertheless taken, the patient should be carefully monitored for the appearance of suicidal symptoms. In addition, long-term safety data in children and adolescents concerning growth, maturation and cognitive and behavioural development are lacking. 

Paradoxical anxiety 

Some patients with panic disorder may experience increased anxiety symptoms at the beginning of treatment with antidepressants. This paradoxical reaction usually subsides within two weeks during continued treatment. A low starting dose is advised to reduce the likelihood of an anxiogenic effect (see section 4.2). 

Seizures 

Escitalopram should be discontinued if a patient develops seizures for the first time, or if there is an increase in seizure frequency (in patients with a previous diagnosis of epilepsy). SSRIs should be avoided in patients with unstable epilepsy, and patients with controlled epilepsy should be closely monitored. 

Mania 

SSRIs should be used with caution in patients with a history of mania/hypomania. SSRIs should be discontinued in any patient entering a manic phase. 

Diabetes 

In patients with diabetes, treatment with an SSRI may alter glycaemic control (hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia). Insulin and/or oral hypoglycaemic dosage may need to be adjusted. 

Suicide/suicidal thoughts or clinical worsening 

Depression is associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts, self harm and suicide (suicide-related events). This risk persists until significant remission occurs. As improvement may not occur during the first few weeks or more of treatment, patients should be closely monitored until such improvement occurs. It is general clinical experience that the risk of suicide may increase in the early stages of recovery. 

Other psychiatric conditions for which DEPRALEX is prescribed can also be associated with an 

increased risk of suicide-related events. In addition, these conditions may be co-morbid with major depressive disorder. The same precautions observed when treating patients with major depressive disorder should therefore be observed when treating patients with other psychiatric disorders. 

Patients with a history of suicide-related events, or those exhibiting a significant degree of suicidal ideation prior to commencement of treatment, are known to be at greater risk of suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts, and should receive careful monitoring during treatment. A meta analysis of placebo controlled clinical trials of antidepressant drugs in adult patients with psychiatric disorders showed an increased risk of suicidal behaviour with antidepressants compared to placebo in patients less than 25 years old. Close supervision of patients and in particular those at high risk should accompany drug therapy especially in early treatment and following dose changes. 

Patients (and caregivers of patients) should be alerted about the need to monitor for any clinical worsening, suicidal behaviour or thoughts and unusual changes in behaviour and to seek medical advice immediately if these symptoms present. 

Akathisia/psychomotor restlessness 

The use of SSRIs/SNRIs has been associated with the development of akathisia, characterised by a subjectively unpleasant or distressing restlessness and need to move often accompanied by an inability to sit or stand still. This is most likely to occur within the first few weeks of treatment. In patients who develop these symptoms, increasing the dose may be detrimental. 

Hyponatraemia 

Hyponatraemia, probably due to inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), has been reported rarely with the use of SSRIs and generally resolves on discontinuation of therapy. Caution should be exercised in patients at risk, such as the elderly, or patients with cirrhosis, or if used in combination with other medications which may cause hyponatraemia. 

Haemorrhage 

There have been reports of cutaneous bleeding abnormalities, such as ecchymoses and purpura, with SSRIs. Caution is advised in patients taking SSRIs, particularly in concomitant use with oral anticoagulants, with medicinal products known to affect platelet function (e.g. atypical antipsychotics and phenothiazines, most tricyclic antidepressants, acetylsalicylic acid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicinal products (NSAIDs), ticlopidine and dipyridamole) and in patients with known bleeding tendencies. 

Postpartum hemorrhage
SSRIs/SNRIs may increase the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) 

There is limited clinical experience of concurrent administration of SSRIs and ECT, therefore caution is advisable. 

Serotonin syndrome 

Caution is advisable if escitalopram is used concomitantly with medicinal products with serotonergic effects such as sumatriptan or other triptans, tramadol and tryptophan. 

In rare cases, serotonin syndrome has been reported in patients using SSRIs concomitantly with serotonergic medicinal products. A combination of symptoms, such as agitation, tremor, myoclonus and hyperthermia may indicate the development of this condition. If this occurs treatment with the SSRI and the serotonergic medicinal product should be discontinued 

immediately and symptomatic treatment initiated. 

St. John´s wort 

Concomitant use of SSRIs and herbal remedies containing St. John´s wort (Hypericum perforatum) may result in an increased incidence of adverse reactions (see section 4.5). 

Discontinuation symptoms seen when stopping treatment 

Discontinuation symptoms when stopping treatment are common, particularly if discontinuation is abrupt (see section 4.8). In clinical trials adverse events seen on treatment discontinuation occurred in approximately 25% of patients treated with escitalopram and 15% of patients taking placebo. 

The risk of discontinuation symptoms may be dependent on several factors including the duration and dose of therapy and the rate of dose reduction. Dizziness, sensory disturbances (including paraesthesia and electric shock sensations), sleep disturbances (including insomnia and intense dreams), agitation or anxiety, nausea and/or vomiting, tremor, confusion, sweating, headache, diarrhoea, palpitations, emotional instability, irritability, and visual disturbances are the most commonly reported reactions. Generally these symptoms are mild to moderate, however, in some patients they may be severe in intensity. 

They usually occur within the first few days of discontinuing treatment, but there have been very rare reports of such symptoms in patients who have inadvertently missed a dose. 

Generally these symptoms are self-limiting and usually resolve within 2 weeks, though in some individuals they may be prolonged (2-3 months or more). It is therefore advised that escitalopram should be gradually tapered when discontinuing treatment over a period of several weeks or months, according to the patient's needs (see “Discontinuation symptoms seen when stopping treatment”, section 4.2). 

Coronary heart disease 

Due to limited clinical experience, caution is advised in patients with coronary heart disease (see section 5.3). 

QT interval prolongation 

Escitalopram has been found to cause a dose-dependent prolongation of the QT interval. Cases of QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmia including torsade de pointes have been reported during the post-marketing period, predominantly in patients of female gender, with hypokalaemia, or with pre-existing QT interval prolongation or other cardiac diseases (see sections 4.3, 4.5, 4.8, 4.9 and 5.1). 

Caution is advised in patients with significant bradycardia; or in patients with recent acute myocardial infarction or uncompensated heart failure. 

Electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia increase the risk for malignant arrhythmias and should be corrected before treatment with escitalopram is started. 

If patients with stable cardiac disease are treated, an ECG review should be considered before treatment is started. 

If signs of cardiac arrhythmia occur during treatment with escitalopram, the treatment should be withdrawn and an ECG should be performed. 


Pharmacodynamic interactions 

Contra-indicated combinations: 

Irreversible non-selective MAOIs 

Cases of serious reactions have been reported in patients receiving an SSRI in combination with a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), and in patients who have recently discontinued SSRI treatment and have been started on such MAOI treatment (see section 4.3). In some cases, the patient developed serotonin syndrome (see section 4.8). 

Escitalopram is contra-indicated in combination with non-selective, irreversible MAOIs. Escitalopram may be started 14 days after discontinuing treatment with an irreversible MAOI. At least 7 days should elapse after discontinuing escitalopram treatment, before starting a non-selective, irreversible MAOI. 

Reversible, selective MAO-A inhibitor (moclobemide) 

Due to the risk of serotonin syndrome, the combination of escitalopram with a MAO-A inhibitor such as moclobemide is contraindicated (see section 4.3). If the combination proves necessary, it should be started at the minimum recommended dosage and clinical monitoring should be reinforced. 

Reversible, non-selective MAO-inhibitor (linezolid) 

The antibiotic linezolid is a reversible non-selective MAO-inhibitor and should not be given to patients treated with escitalopram. If the combination proves necessary, it should be given with minimum dosages and under close clinical monitoring (see section 4.3). 

Irreversible, selective MAO-B inhibitor (selegiline) 

In combination with selegiline (irreversible MAO-B inhibitor), caution is required due to the risk of developing serotonin syndrome. Selegiline doses up to 10 mg/day have been safely co-administered with racemic citalopram.  

QT interval prolongation 

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of escitalopram combined with other medicinal products that prolong the QT interval have not been performed. An additive effect of escitalopram and these medicinal products cannot be excluded. Therefore, co-administration of escitalopram with medicinal products that prolong the QT interval, such as Class IA and III antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics (e.g. phenothiazine derivatives, pimozide, haloperidol), tricyclic antidepressants, certain antimicrobial agents (e.g. sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin, erythromycin IV, pentamidine, anti-malarial treatment particularly halofantrine), certain antihistamines (e.g. astemizole, mizolastine), is contraindicated. 

Combinations requiring precautions for use: 

Serotonergic medicinal products 

Co-administration with serotonergic medicinal products (e.g. tramadol, sumatriptan and other triptans) may lead to serotonin syndrome. 

Medicinal products lowering the seizure threshold 

SSRIs can lower the seizure threshold. Caution is advised when concomitantly using other medicinal products capable of lowering the seizure threshold (e.g antidepressants (tricyclics, SSRIs), neuroleptics (phenothiazines, thioxanthenes and butyrophenones), mefloquine, bupropion and tramadol). 

Lithium, tryptophan 

There have been reports of enhanced effects when SSRIs have been given together with lithium or tryptophan, therefore concomitant use of SSRIs with these medicinal products should be undertaken with caution. 

St. John's wort 

Concomitant use of SSRIs and herbal remedies containing St. John´s wort (Hypericum perforatum) may result in an increased incidence of adverse reactions (see section 4.4). 

Haemorrhage 

Altered anti-coagulant effects may occur when escitalopram is combined with oral anticoagulants. Patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy should receive careful coagulation monitoring when escitalopram is started or stopped (see section 4.4). Concomitant use of non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase bleeding-tendency (see section 4.4). 

Alcohol 

No pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interactions are expected between escitalopram and alcohol. However, as with other psychotropic medicinal products, the combination with alcohol is not advisable. 

Pharmacokinetic interactions 

Influence of other medicinal products on the pharmacokinetics of escitalopram 

The metabolism of escitalopram is mainly mediated by CYP2C19. CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 may also contribute to the metabolism although to a smaller extent. The metabolism of the major metabolite S-DCT (demethylated escitalopram) seems to be partly catalysed by CYP2D6. 

Co-administration of escitalopram with omeprazole 30 mg once daily (a CYP2C19 inhibitor) resulted in moderate (approximately 50%) increase in the plasma concentrations of escitalopram. 

Co-administration of escitalopram with cimetidine 400 mg twice daily (moderately potent general enzyme-inhibitor) resulted in a moderate (approximately 70%) increase in the plasma concentrations of escitalopram. 

Thus, caution should be exercised when used concomitantly with CYP2C19 inhibitors (e.g. omeprazole, esomeprazole, fluvoxamine, lansoprazole, ticlopidine) or cimetidine. A reduction in the dose of escitalopram may be necessary based on monitoring of side-effects during concomitant treatment. 

Effect of escitalopram on the pharmacokinetics of other medicinal products 

Escitalopram is an inhibitor of the enzyme CYP2D6. Caution is recommended when escitalopram is co-administered with medicinal products that are mainly metabolised by this enzyme, and that have a narrow therapeutic index, e.g. flecainide, propafenone and metoprolol (when used in cardiac failure), or some CNS acting medicinal products that are mainly metabolised by CYP2D6, e.g. antidepressants such as desipramine, clomipramine and nortriptyline or antipsychotics like

risperidone, thioridazine and haloperidol. Dosage adjustment may be warranted. 

Co-administration with desipramine or metoprolol resulted in both cases in a twofold increase in the plasma levels of these two CYP2D6 substrates. 

In vitro studies have demonstrated that escitalopram may also cause weak inhibition of CYP2C19. Caution is recommended with concomitant use of medicinal products that are metabolised by CYP2C19. 


Pregnancy 

For Escitalopram only limited clinical data are available regarding exposed pregnancies. 

In reproductive toxicity studies performed in rats with escitalopram, embryo-fetotoxic effects, but no increased incidence of malformations, were observed (see section 5.3). 

Depralex should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary and only after careful consideration of the risk/benefit. 

Neonates should be observed if maternal use of DEPRALEX continues into the later stages of pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester. Abrupt discontinuation should be avoided during pregnancy. 

The following symptoms may occur in the neonate after maternal SSRI/SNRI use in later stages of pregnancy: respiratory distress, cyanosis, apnoea, seizures, temperature instability, feeding difficulty, vomiting, hypoglycaemia, hypertonia, hypotonia, hyperreflexia, tremor, jitteriness, irritability, lethargy, constant crying, somnolence and difficulty sleeping. These symptoms could be due to either serotonergic effects or discontinuation symptoms. In a majority of instances the complications begin immediately or soon (<24 hours) after delivery. 

Epidemiological data have suggested that the use of SSRIs in pregnancy, particularly in late 

pregnancy, may increase the risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn (PPHN). The observed risk was approximately 5 cases per 1000 pregnancies. In the general population 1 to 2 cases of PPHN per 1000 pregnancies occur. 

Lactation 

It is expected that escitalopram will be excreted into human milk. 

Consequently, breast-feeding is not recommended during treatment. 


Although escitalopram has been shown not to affect intellectual function or psychomotor performance, any psychoactive medicinal product may impair judgment or skills. Patients should be cautioned about the potential risk of an influence on their ability to drive a car and operate machinery. 


 

Adverse reactions are most frequent during the first or second week of treatment and usually decrease in intensity and frequency with continued treatment.

Tabulated list of adverse reactions

Adverse reactions known for SSRIs and also reported for escitalopram in either placebo-controlled clinical studies or as spontaneous post-marketing events are listed below by system organ class and frequency.

Frequencies are taken from clinical studies; they are not placebo-corrected. Frequencies are defined as: very common (1/10), common (1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (1/1,000 to <1/100), rare (1/10,000 to <1/1,000), very rare (<1/10,000), or not known (cannot be estimated from the available data). 

 

System organ class

Frequency

Undesirable Effect

Blood and lymphatic system disorders

Not known

Thrombocytopenia

Immune system disorders

Rare

Anaphylactic reaction

Endocrine disorders

Not known

Inappropriate ADH secretion

Metabolism and nutrition disorders

Common

Decreased appetite, increased appetite, weight increased

Uncommon

Weight decreased

Not known

Hyponatraemia, anorexia2

Psychiatric disorders

Common

Anxiety, restlessness, abnormal dreams

Female and male: libido decreased

Female: anorgasmia

Uncommon

Bruxism, agitation, nervousness, panic attack, confusional state

Rare

Aggression, depersonalisation, hallucination

Not known

Mania, suicidal ideation, suicidal behaviour1

Nervous system disorders

Common

Insomnia, somnolence, dizziness, paraesthesia, tremor

Uncommon

Taste disturbance, sleep disorder, syncope

Rare

Serotonin syndrome

Not known

Dyskinesia, movement disorder, convulsion, psychomotor restlessness/akathisia2

Eye disorders

Uncommon

Mydriasis, visual disturbance

Ear and labyrinth disorders

Uncommon

Tinnitus

Cardiac disorders

Uncommon

Tachycardia

Rare

Bradycardia

Not known

Electrocardiogram QT prolonged

Vascular disorders

Not known

Orthostatic hypotension

Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders

Common

Sinusitis, yawning

Uncommon

Epistaxis

Gastrointestinal disorders

Very common

Nausea

Common

Diarrhoea, constipation, vomiting, dry mouth

 

Uncommon

 

Gastrointestinal haemorrhages (including rectal haemorrhage)

Hepatobiliary disorders

Not known

Hepatitis, liver function test abnormal

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

Common

Sweating increased

Uncommon

Urticaria, alopecia, rash, pruritus

Not known

Ecchymosis, angioedemas

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders

Common

Arthralgia, myalgia

Renal and urinary disorders

Not known

Urinary retention

SOC Reproductive system and breast disorders

Common

Male: ejaculation disorder, impotence

Uncommon

Female: metrorrhagia, menorrhagia

Not known

Galactorrhoea

Male: priapism

postpartum haemorrhage*

General disorders and administration site conditions

Common

Fatigue, pyrexia

Uncommon

Oedema

1 Cases of suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviours have been reported during Escitalopram therapy or early after treatment discontinuation (see section 4.4).

2 These events have been reported for the therapeutic class of SSRIs.

Cases of QT-prolongation have been reported during the post-marketing period, predominantly in patients with pre-existing cardiac disease. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled ECG study in healthy subjects, the change from baseline in QTc (Fridericia-correction) was 4.3 msec at the 10 mg/day dose and 10.7 msec at the 30 mg/day dose.

Class effect

Epidemiological studies, mainly conducted in patients 50 years of age and older, show an increased risk of bone fractures in patients receiving SSRIs and TCAs. The mechanism leading to this risk is unknown.

Discontinuation symptoms seen when stopping treatment

Discontinuation of SSRIs/SNRIs (particularly when abrupt) commonly leads to discontinuation symptoms. Dizziness, sensory disturbances (including paraesthesia and electric shock sensations), sleep disturbances (including insomnia and intense dreams), agitation or anxiety, nausea and/or vomiting, tremor, confusion, sweating, headache, diarrhoea, palpitations, emotional instability, irritability, and visual disturbances are the most commonly reported reactions. Generally these events are mild to moderate and are self-limiting, however, in some patients they may be severe and/or prolonged. It is therefore advised that when Escitalopram treatment is no longer required, gradual discontinuation by dose tapering should be carried out (see section 4.2 and 4.4).

 

QT interval prolongation

Cases of QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmia including torsade de pointes have been reported during the post-marketing period, predominantly in patients of female gender, with hypokalaemia, or with pre-existing QT interval prolongation or other cardiac diseases (see sections 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.9 and 5.1).

Please report adverse drug events to: 

• Saudi Arabia 

The National Pharmacovigilance Center (NPC): 

Fax: +966-11-205-7662 

SFDA Call Center: 19999 

E-mail: npc.drug@sfda.gov.sa 

Website: https://ade.sfda.gov.sa 

• Other GCC States: 

Please contact the relevant competent authority. 


Toxicity 

Clinical data on escitalopram overdose are limited and many cases involve concomitant overdoses of other drugs. In the majority of cases mild or no symptoms have been reported. Fatal cases of escitalopram overdose have rarely been reported with escitalopram alone; the majority of cases have involved overdose with concomitant medications. Doses between 400 and 800mg of escitalopram alone have been taken without any severe symptoms. 

Symptoms 

Symptoms seen in reported overdose of escitalopram include symptoms mainly related to the central nervous system (ranging from dizziness, tremor, and agitation to rare cases of serotonin syndrome, convulsion, and coma), the gastrointestinal system (nausea/vomiting), and the cardiovascular system (hypotension, tachycardia, QT prolongation, and arrhythmia) and electrolyte/fluid balance conditions (hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia). 

Management 

There is no specific antidote. Establish and maintain an airway, ensure adequate oxygenation and respiratory function. Gastric lavage and the use of activated charcoal should be considered. Gastric lavage should be carried out as soon as possible after oral ingestion. Cardiac and vital signs monitoring are recommended along with general symptomatic supportive measures. 

ECG monitoring is advised in case of overdose in patients with congestive heart failure/bradyarrhythmias, in patients using concomitant medications that prolong the QT interval, or in patients with altered metabolism, e.g. liver impairment. 


Pharmacotherapeutic group: antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 

ATC code: N06AB10 

Mechanism of action 

Escitalopram is a selective inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) re-uptake with high affinity for the primary binding site. It also binds to an allosteric site on the serotonin transporter, with a 1000 fold lower affinity. 

Escitalopram has no or low affinity for a number of receptors including 5-HT1A, 5-HT2, DA D1 and D2 receptors, α1-, α2-, β-adrenoceptors, histamine H1, muscarine cholinergic, benzodiazepine, and opioid receptors. 

The inhibition of 5-HT re-uptake is the only likely mechanism of action explaining the pharmacological and clinical effects of escitalopram. 

Pharmacodynamic effects 

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled ECG study in healthy subjects, the change from baseline in QTc (Fridericia-correction) was 4.3 ms (90% CI: 2.2, 6.4) at the 10 mg/day dose and 10.7 ms (90% CI: 8.6, 12.8) at the supratherapeutic dose 30 mg/day (see sections 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.8 and 4.9). 

Clinical efficacy 

Major depressive episodes 

Escitalopram has been found to be effective in the acute treatment of major depressive episodes in three out of four double-blind, placebo controlled short-term (8-week) studies. In a long-term relapse prevention study, 274 patients who had responded during an initial 8-week open label treatment phase with escitalopram 10 or 20 mg/day, were randomised to continuation with escitalopram at the same dose, or to placebo, for up to 36 weeks. In this study, patients receiving continued escitalopram experienced a significantly longer time to relapse over the subsequent 36 weeks compared to those receiving placebo. 

Social anxiety disorder 

Escitalopram was effective in both three short-term (12- week) studies and in responders in a 6-month relapse prevention study in social anxiety disorder. In a 24-week dose-finding study, efficacy of 5, 10 and 20 mg escitalopram has been demonstrated. 

Generalised anxiety disorder 

Escitalopram in doses of 10 and 20 mg/day was effective in four out of four placebo-controlled studies. 

In pooled data from three studies with similar design comprising 421 escitalopram-treated patients 

and 419 placebo-treated patients there were 47.5% and 28.9% responders respectively and 37.1% and 20.8% remitters. Sustained effect was seen from week 1. 

Maintenance of efficacy of escitalopram 20mg/day was demonstrated in a 24 to 76 week, randomised, maintenance of efficacy study in 373 patients who had responded during the initial 12-week open-label treatment. 

Obsessive-compulsive disorder 

In a randomised, double-blind, clinical study, 20 mg/day escitalopram separated from placebo on the Y-BOCS total score after 12 weeks. After 24 weeks, both 10 and 20 mg/day escitalopram were superior as compared to placebo. 

Prevention of relapse was demonstrated for 10 and 20 mg/day escitalopram in patients who responded to escitalopram in a 16-week open-label period and who entered a 24-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled period. 


Absorption 

Absorption is almost complete and independent of food intake. (Mean time to maximum concentration (mean Tmax) is 4 hours after multiple dosing). 

As with racemic citalopram, the absolute bioavailability of escitalopram is expected to be about 80%. 

Distribution 

The apparent volume of distribution (Vd,β/F) after oral administration is about 12 to 26 L/kg. The plasma protein binding is below 80% for escitalopram and its main metabolites. 

Biotransformation 

Escitalopram is metabolised in the liver to the demethylated and didemethylated metabolites. Both of these are pharmacologically active. Alternatively, the nitrogen may be oxidised to form the N-oxide metabolite. Both parent substance and metabolites are partly excreted as glucuronides. After multiple dosing the mean concentrations of the demethyl and didemethyl metabolites are usually 28-31% and <5%, respectively, of the escitalopram concentration. Biotransformation of escitalopram to the demethylated metabolite is mediated primarily by CYP2C19. Some contribution by the enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 is possible. 

Elimination 

The elimination half-life (t½ β) after multiple dosing is about 30 hours and the oral plasma clearance (Cloral) is about 0.6 L/min. The major metabolites have a significantly longer half-life. Escitalopram and major metabolites are assumed to be eliminated by both the hepatic (metabolic) and the renal routes, with the major part of the dose excreted as metabolites in the urine. 

There is linear pharmacokinetics. Steady-state plasma levels are achieved in about 1 week. Average steady-state concentrations of 50 nmol/L (range 20 to 125 nmol/L) are achieved at a daily 

dose of 10 mg. 

Elderly patients (> 65 years) 

Escitalopram appears to be eliminated more slowly in elderly patients compared to younger patients. Systemic exposure (AUC) is about 50% higher in elderly compared to young healthy volunteers (see section 4.2). 

Reduced hepatic function 

In patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Criteria A and B), the half-life of escitalopram was about twice as long and the exposure was about 60% higher than in subjects with normal liver function (see section 4.2). 

Reduced renal function 

With racemic citalopram, a longer half-life and a minor increase in exposure have been observed in patients with reduced kidney function (CLcr 10-53 ml/min). Plasma concentrations of the metabolites have not been studied, but they may be elevated (see section 4.2). 

Polymorphism 

It has been observed that poor metabolisers with respect to CYP2C19 have twice as high a plasma concentration of escitalopram as extensive metabolisers. No significant change in exposure was observed in poor metabolisers with respect to CYP2D6 (see section 4.2). 

 


No complete conventional battery of preclinical studies was performed with escitalopram since the bridging toxicokinetic and toxicological studies conducted in rats with escitalopram and citalopram showed a similar profile. Therefore, all the citalopram information can be extrapolated to escitalopram. 

In comparative toxicological studies in rats, escitalopram and citalopram caused cardiac toxicity, including congestive heart failure, after treatment for some weeks, when using dosages that caused general toxicity. The cardiotoxicity seemed to correlate with peak plasma concentrations rather than to systemic exposures (AUC). Peak plasma concentrations at no-effect-level were in excess (8-fold) of those achieved in clinical use, while AUC for escitalopram was only 3- to 4-fold higher than the exposure achieved in clinical use. For citalopram AUC values for the S-enantiomer were 6- to 7-fold higher than exposure achieved in clinical use. The findings are probably related to an exaggerated influence on biogenic amines i.e. secondary to the primary pharmacological effects, resulting in haemodynamic effects (reduction in coronary flow) and ischaemia. However, the exact mechanism of cardiotoxicity in rats is not clear. Clinical experience with citalopram, and the clinical trial experience with escitalopram, do not indicate that these findings have a clinical correlate. 

Increased content of phospholipids has been observed in some tissues e.g. lung, epididymides and liver after treatment for longer periods with escitalopram and citalopram in rats. Findings in the epididymides and liver were seen at exposures similar to that in man. The effect is reversible after treatment cessation. Accumulation of phospholipids (phospholipidosis) in animals has been observed in connection with many cationic amphiphilic medicines. It is not known if this phenomenon has any significant relevance for man. 

In the developmental toxicity study in the rat embryotoxic effects (reduced foetal weight and reversible delay of ossification) were observed at exposures in terms of AUC in excess of the exposure achieved during clinical use. No increased frequency of malformations was noted. A pre- and postnatal study showed reduced survival during the lactation period at exposures in terms of AUC in excess of the exposure achieved during clinical use. 


 

Tablets Core:

Microcrystalline Cellulose, Croscarmellose Sodium, Talc, Colloidal Silicon Dioxide, Magnesium Stearate.

Tablets Coat:  

Opadry, Simethicone Emulsion 30%.

 

 


 

Not applicable.


3 years.

Store below 30° C


Two Aluminum-Aluminum blisters of 14 tablets each, packed in a printed carton with

folded leaflet.


No special requirements.


Tabuk Pharmaceutical Manufacturing company. Astra Industrial Group Building King Abdulaziz Area, Salah Aldeen Road. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia P.O.Box 28170 Riyadh 11437 Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

November 2020
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