- Clotrimazole solution 1% w/v should be used to treat all fungal skin infections due to dermatophytes, yeasts, moulds and other fungi. - It is particularly suitable for use on hairy skin and in fungal infections of the outer ear (otitis externa) and middle ear (otomycoses

DERMATIN Solution should be thinly and evenly applied to the affected area 2 or 3 times a day and gently rubbed in. A few drops are enough to treat an area of about the size of the hand. To prevent relapse, treatment should be continued for at least two weeks after the disappearance of all signs of infection. - There is no separate dosage schedule for the elderly or the young

:Warnings

DERMATIN Topical Solution is not for ophthalmic use

Precautions: If irritation or sensitivity develops with the use of Clotrimazole, treatment should be discontiued and appropriate therapy instituted

Information for Patients: This information is intended to aid in the safe and effective use of this medication. It is not disclosure of all possible adverse or intended effects

There have been reports of a heat reaction when DERMATIN Solution is used concomitantly with Sofradex drops in the ear

:Fertility

No human studies of the effects of clotrimazole on fertility have been performed; however, animal studies have not demonstrated any effects of the drug on fertility

:Pregnancy

There is a limited amount of data from the use of clotrimazole in pregnant women. Animal studies with clotrimazole have shown reproductive toxicity at high oral doses (see section 5.3). At the low systemic exposures of clotrimazole following topical treatment, harmful effects with respect to reproductive toxicity are not predicted. Clotrimazole can be used during pregnancy, but only under the supervision of a physician or midwife

:Lactation

 Available pharmacodynamic/toxicological data in animals have shown excretion of clotrimazole/metabolites in milk after intravenous administration (see section 5.3). A risk to the suckling child cannot be excluded. A decision must be made whether to discontinue breastfeeding or to discontinue/abstain from clotrimazole therapy taking into account the benefit of breast-feeding for the child and the benefit of therapy for the woman

 Clotrimazole has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive or use machines

.As the listed undesirable effects are based on spontaneous reports, assigning accurate frequency of occurrence for each is not possible

: Immune system disorders

(allergic reaction (syncope, hypotension, dyspnea, urticaria)

:Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

blisters, discomfort/pain, oedema, erythema, irritation, peeling/exfoliation, pruritus, rash, stinging/burning

No risk of acute intoxication is seen as it is unlikely to occur following as single dermal application of an overdose (application over a large area under conditions favorable to absorption) or inadvertent oral ingestion. There is no specific antidote. However, in the event of accidental oral ingestion, routine measures, such as gastric larvae should be performed only if clinical symptoms of over dose become apparent (eg. Dizziness, nausea or vomiting). Gastric lavage should be carried out only if the air way can be protected adequately

:Pharmacotherapeutic group

Antifungals for topical use – imidazole and triazole derivatives\

ATC Code: D01A C01

:Mechanism of Action

Clotrimazole acts against fungi by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis. Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis leads to structural and functional impairment of the fungal cytoplasmic membrane. Clotrimazole has a broad antimycotic spectrum of action in vitro and in vivo, which includes dermatophytes, yeasts, moulds, etc. Under appropriate test conditions, the MIC values for these types of fungi are in the region of less than 0.062-8.0 µg/ml substrate. The mode of action of clotrimazole is primarily fungistatic or fungicidal depending on the concentration of clotrimazole at the site of infection. In vitro activity is limited to proliferating fungal elements; fungal spores are only slightly sensitive.  In addition to its antimycotic action, clotrimazole also acts on gram-positive microorganisms (Streptococci / Staphylococci / Gardnerella vaginalis), and gram-negative microorganisms (Bacteroides). In vitro clotrimazole inhibits the multiplication of Corynebacteria and  grampositive cocci - with the exception of Enterococci - in concentrations of 0.5-10 µg/ml substrate. Primarily resistant variants of sensitive fungal species are very rare; the development of secondary resistance by sensitive fungi has so far  only been observed in very isolated cases under therapeutic conditions 

Pharmacokinetic investigations after dermal application have shown that clotrimazole is minimally absorbed from the intact or inflamed skin into the human blood circulation. The resulting peak serum concentrations of clotrimazole were below the detection limit of 0.001 µg/ml, suggesting that clotrimazole applied topically is unlikely to lead to measurable systemic effects or side effects

Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on studies of repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Clotrimazole was not teratogenic in reproductive toxicity studies in mice, rats and rabbits. In rats high oral doses were associated with maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity, reduced fetal weights and decreased pup survival. In rats clotrimazole and/or its metabolites were secreted into milk at levels higher than in plasma by a factor of 10 to 20 at 4 hrs after administration, followed by a decline to a factor of 0.4 by 24 hrs

 Propylene glycol, Isopropyl alcohol

Not applicable

Store below 30⁰C

A chromo-duplex carton box containing a pamphlet and one white bottle of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) containing 20 ml DERMATIN Solution. The bottle bears a white label sticker

No special requirements.