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نشرة الممارس الصحي نشرة معلومات المريض بالعربية نشرة معلومات المريض بالانجليزية صور الدواء بيانات الدواء
  SFDA PIL (Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) are under review by Saudi Food and Drug Authority)

Curam® 1 g is an antibiotic and works by killing bacteria that cause infections. It contains two different medicines called amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Amoxicillin belongs to a group of medicines called “penicillins” that can sometimes be stopped from working (made inactive). The other active component (clavulanic acid) stops this from happening.

 

Curam® 1 g is used in adults and children to treat the following infections:

·         middle ear and sinus infections

·         respiratory tract infections

·         urinary tract infections

·         skin and soft tissue infections including dental infections

·         bone and joint infections.


Do not take Curam® 1 g :

·         If you are allergic to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, penicillin or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6)

·         If you have ever had a severe allergic reaction to any other antibiotic. This can include a skin rash or swelling of the face or throat

·         If you have ever had liver problems or jaundice (yellowing of the skin) when taking an antibiotic.

 

Do not take Curam® 1 g if any of the above apply to you. If you are not sure, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Curam® 1 g.

 

Warnings and precautions

Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking this medicine if you:

•  have glandular fever

•  are being treated for liver or kidney problems

•  are not passing water regularly.

 

If you are not sure if any of the above apply to you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Curam® 1 g.

 

In some cases, your doctor may investigate the type of bacteria that is causing your infection. Depending on the results, you may be given a different strength of Curam® 1 g or a different medicine.

 

Conditions you need to look out for

 

Curam® 1 g can make some existing conditions worse, or cause serious side effects. These include allergic reactions, convulsions (fits) and inflammation of the large intestine. You must look out for certain symptoms while you are taking Curam® 1 g, to reduce the risk of any problems. See ‘Conditions you need to look out for’ in Section 4.

 

Blood and urine tests

If you are having blood tests (such as red blood cell status tests or liver function tests) or urine tests (for glucose), let the doctor or nurse know that you are taking Curam® 1 g . This is because this medicinal product can affect the results of these types of tests.

 

 

Other medicines and Curam® 1 g

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines.

 

If you are taking allopurinol (used for gout) with Curam® 1 g, it may be more likely that you’ll have an allergic skin reaction.

 

If you are taking probenecid (used for gout), your doctor may decide to adjust your dose of Curam® 1 g.

 

If medicines to help stop blood clots (such as warfarin) are taken with Curam® 1 g then extra blood tests may be needed.

 

Curam® 1 g can affect how methotrexate (a medicine used to treat cancer or rheumatic diseases) works.

 

Curam® 1 g may affect how mycophenolate mofetil (a medicine used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs) works.

 

 

Pregnancy, breast-feeding and fertility

 

If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking this medicine.

 

 

Driving and using machines

Curam® 1 g can have side effects and the symptoms may make you unfit to drive. Don’t drive or operate machinery unless you are feeling well.

 

This medicine contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per dosage unit, that is to say essentially ‘sodium- free’.

 


Always take this medicine exactly as your doctor has told you. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.

 

Adults and children weighing 40 kg and over

·         Usual dose – 1 tablet two times a day

·         Higher dose – 1 tablet three times a day

 

Children weighing less than 40 kg

Children aged 6 years or less should preferably be treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid oral suspension or sachets.

 

Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice when giving Curam® 1 g tablets to children weighing less than 40 kg. The tablets are not suitable for children weighing less than 25 kg.

 

Patients with kidney and liver problems

•  If you have kidney problems the dose might be changed. A different strength or a different medicine may be chosen by your doctor.

•  If you have liver problems you may have more frequent blood tests to check how your liver is working.

 

How to take Curam® 1 g

·         Swallow the tablets whole with a glass of water with a meal

·         Tablets can be broken along the score line to make them easier to swallow. You must take both pieces of the tablets at the same time.

·         Space the doses evenly during the day, at least 4 hours apart. Do not take 2 doses in 1 hour.

·         Do not take this medicine for more than 2 weeks. If you still feel unwell you should go back to see the doctor.

 

If you take more Curam® 1 g  than you should

If you take too much Curam® 1 g, signs might include an upset stomach (feeling sick, being sick or diarrhoea) or convulsions. Talk to your doctor as soon as possible. Take the medicine carton or bottle to show the doctor.

 

If you forget to take Curam® 1 g

If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember. You should not take the next dose too soon, but wait about 4 hours before taking the next dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose.

 

 

 

If you stop taking Curam® 1 g

Keep taking Curam® 1 g until the treatment is finished, even if you feel better. You need every dose to help fight the infection. If some bacteria survive they can cause the infection to come back.

 

If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

 


 

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

 

Conditions you need to look out for Allergic reactions:

·         skin rash

·         inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis) which may be visible as red or purple raised spots on the skin, but can affect other parts of the body

·         fever, joint pain, swollen glands in the neck, armpit or groin

·         swelling, sometimes of the face or throat (angioedema), causing difficulty in breathing

·         collapse.

Contact a doctor immediately if you get any of these symptoms. Stop taking Curam® 1 g .

 

Inflammation of large intestine

Inflammation of the large intestine, causing watery diarrhoea usually with blood and mucus, stomach pain and/or fever.

Contact your doctor as soon as possible for advice if you get these symptoms.

 

Very common side effects (may affect more than 1 in 10 people)

·         diarrhoea (in adults).

 

Common side effects (may affect up to 1 in 10 people)

·         thrush (candida - a yeast infection of the vagina, mouth or skin folds)

·         feeling sick (nausea), especially when taking high doses. If affected, take Curam® 1 g with a meal.

·         vomiting

·         diarrhoea (in children).

 

 

Uncommon side effects (may affect up to 1 in 100 people)

·         skin rash, itching

·         raised itchy rash (hives)

·         indigestion

·         dizziness

·         headache.

 

Uncommon side effects that may show up in your blood tests:

·         increase in some substances (enzymes) produced by the liver

 

Rare (may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people)

·         skin rash, which may blister, and looks like small targets (central dark spots surrounded by a paler area, with a dark ring around the edge – erythema multiforme

-->If you notice any of these symptoms contact a doctor urgently.

 

Rare side effects that may show up in your blood tests:

·         low number of cells involved in blood clotting

·         low number of white blood cells.

 

Frequency not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data)

Other side effects have occurred in a very small number of people but their exact frequency is unknown.

·         Allergic reactions (see above)

·         Inflammation of the large intestine (see above)

·         Inflammation of the protective membrane surrounding the brain (aseptic meningitis)

·         Serious skin reactions:

-  a widespread rash with blisters and peeling skin, particularly around the mouth, nose , eyes and genitals (Steven-Johnson syndrome), and more severe form, causing extensive peeling of the skin (more than 30% of the body surface – toxic epidermal necrolysis)

-  widespread red skin rash with small pus-containing blisters (bullous exfoliative dermatitis)

-  a red, scaly rash with bumps under the skin and blisters (exanthemous pustulosis)

-  flu-like symptoms with a rash, fever, swollen glands, and abnormal blood test results (including increased white blood cells (eosinophilia) and liver enzymes) (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS))

 

-->Contact a doctor immediately if you get any of these symptoms.

 

·         inflammation of the liver (hepatitis)

·         jaundice, caused by increases in the blood of bilirubin (a substance produced in the liver) which may make your skin and whites of the eyes appear yellow

·         inflammation of tubes in the kidney

·         blood takes longer to clot

·         hyperactivity

·         convulsions (in people taking high doses of Curam® 1 g or who have kidney problems

·         black tongue which looks hairy

 

Side effects that may show up in your blood or urine tests

 

·         severe reduction in the number of white blood cells

·         low number of red blood cells (haemolytic anaemia)

·         crystals in urine.

 

Reporting of side effects

If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet.

. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.


Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children.

 

Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the carton after EXP. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month.

 

Do not store above 25°C.

    Protect from Light and moisture.

 

Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help protect the environment.


-          The active substances are amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Each film-coated tablet contains 875 mg amoxicillin and 125 mg clavulanic acid.

 

-          The other ingredients are:

Tablet core: Colloidal anhydrous silica, magnesium stearate (E572), talc, povidone, croscarmellose sodium, cellulose microcrystalline.

 

Tablet coat: Triethyl citrate, ethylcellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate, cethyl alcohol, hypromellose, talc, titanium dioxide (E171).


The film-coated tablets are oblong, white to pale yellow, scored on both sides. The score line is only to facilitate breaking for ease of swallowing and not to divide into equal doses.

   Sandoz GmbH

   Biochemiestrasse 10

   6250 Kundl

   Austria


06/2018
  نشرة الدواء تحت مراجعة الهيئة العامة للغذاء والدواء (اقرأ هذه النشرة بعناية قبل البدء في استخدام هذا المنتج لأنه يحتوي على معلومات مهمة لك)

عقار كيورام® 1 جرام هو مضاد حيوي ويعمل عن طريق قتل البكتيريا التي تُسبب العدوى. يحتوي العقار على دواءين مختلفين، هما أموكسيسيلّين وحمض الكلافيولانيك. ينتمي أموكسيسيلّين إلى مجموعة من الأدوية تُسمى "البنسيلينات" والتي من الممكن أحيانًا إبطال مفعولها (جعلها غير ناشطة). يعمل المكون النشط الآخر (حمض الكلافيولانيك) على منع حدوث ذلك.

 

يُستخدم عقار كيورام 1 جرام في البالغين والأطفال لعلاج العدوى التَّالية:

·         عدوى الأذن الوسطى والجيوب الأنفية.

·         عدوى الجهاز التنفسي،

·         عدوى المسالك البولية،

·         عدوى الجلد والأنسجة الرخوة بما في ذلك عدوى الأسنان.

·         عدوى العظام والمفاصل.

لا تتناول عقار كيورام 1 جرام في الحالات الآتية:

·         إذا كنت تعاني من حساسية تجاه أموكسيسيلين أو حمض الكلافيولانيك أو البنسيلين أو تجاه أيٍّ من المكونات الأخرى بهذا الدَّواء (المدرجة في قسم: 6).

·         إذا كنت قد أُصبت من قبل بتفاعل حساسية شديد تجاه أي مضاد حيوي آخر. قد يشمل هذا طفحًا جلديًّا أو تورمًا بالوجه أو الحَلْق.

·         إذا كنت قد عانيت من قبل من مشكلات بالكبد أو أُصبت باليرقان (اصفرار الجلد) عند تناوُل أحد المضادات الحيوية.

 

لا تتناول عقار كيورام 1 جرام إذا انطبق عليك أيٌّ مما سبق. إذا لم تكن متأكدًا، تحدَّث إلى طبيبك أو الصيدلي الخاص بك قبل تناوُل عقار كيورام 1 جرام.

 

تحذيرات واحتياطات

تحدَّث إلى طبيبك أو الصيدلي الخاص بك قبل تناول هذا الدَّواء في الحالات التَّالية:

•  إذا كان يُعاني من حُمّى غُدِّيَّة.

•  إذا كان يخضع لعلاجٍ لمشكلات بالكبد أو بالكُلى.

•  إذا كنت لا تتبول بصفة منتظمة.

 

 

إذا لم تكن متأكدًا مما إذا كان أي مما سبق ينطبق عليك، فتحدَّث إلى طبيبك أو الصيدلي الخاص بك قبل تناوُل عقار كيورام1 جرام.

 

في بعض الحالات، قد يقوم طبيبك بالتَّحقق من نوع البكتيريا التي تسبب لك العدوى. بناءً على النتائج، قد يتم إعطاؤك تركيزًا مختلفًا من عقار كيورام 1 جرام أو دواءً مختلفًا.

 

الحالات التي يجب عليك الانتباه لها

 

قد يتسبب عقار كيورام 1 جرام في تفاقم بعض الحالات القائمة، أو قد يُسبب آثارًا جانبية خطيرة. تتضمن هذه الآثار تفاعلات الحساسية والتشنجات (النوبات التشنُّجية) والتهاب الأمعاء الغليظة. يجب عليك الانتباه لبعض الأعراض أثناء تناوُلك عقار كيورام 1 جرام؛ لتقليل خطر حدوث أي مشاكل. انظر "الحالات التي يجب عليك الانتباه لها" في قسم 4.

 

اختبارات الدَّم والبول

إذا كنت ستخضع لاختبارات بالدَّم (مثل اختبارات التَّحقق من حالة خلايا الدَّم الحمراء أو اختبارات وظائف الكبد) أو اختبارات بالبول (للكشف عن الجلوكوز)، فأعلِم الطبيب أو الممرض(ة) بأنك تتناول عقار كيورام 1 جرام. ذلك لأنَّ هذا المنتج الدَّوائي قد يُؤثر على نتائج هذه الأنواع من الاختبارات.

 

 

تناوُل أدوية أخرى مع عقار كيورام 1 جرام

يُرجى إبلاغ طبيبك أو الصيدلي الخاص بك إذا كنت تتناول أو تناولت مؤخرًا أو قد تتناول أيَّة أدوية أخرى.

 

إذا كنت تتناول ألوبيورينول (يُستَخدَم لعلاج النّقْرس) مع عقار كيورام 1 جرام، فقد تكون أكثر عُرضة للإصابة بتفاعل حساسية جلدي.

 

إذا كنت تتناول بروبنيسيد (يُستَخدَم لعلاج النّقْرس)، فقد يقرر طبيبك تعديل جرعتك من عقار كيورام 1 جرام.

 

إذا تم تناوُل الأدوية التي تُساعد على منع الجلطات الدَّموية (مثل وارفارين) مع عقار كيورام 1 جرام، فقد يتطلب الأمر إجراء اختبارات دم إضافية.

 

يُمكِن لعقار كيورام 1 جرام أن يُؤثر على كيفية عمل ميثوتريكسات (دواء يُستَخدَم لعلاج السرطان أو الأمراض الروماتيزمية).

 

قد يُؤثر عقار كيورام 1 جرام على كيفية عمل مَيكوفينوليت موفيتيل (دواء يُستَخدَم لمنع رفض الجسم للأعضاء المزروعة).

 

 

الحمل والرَّضاعة الطبيعية والخصوبة

إذا كنتِ حاملًا أو مرضعًا، أو تعتقدين أنكِ قد تكونين حاملًا أو تخططين لذلك، فاستشيري طبيبك أو الصيدلي الخاص بك قبل تناوُل هذا الدَّواء.

 

 

القيادة واستخدام الآلات

قد يكون لعقار كيورام 1 جرام آثار جانبية، وقد تجعلك الأعراض غير مؤهل للقيادة. تجنب القيادة أو تشغيل الآلات إلا إذا كنت تشعر بأنك على ما يُرام.

 

يحتوي هذا الدَّواء على أقل من 1 مللي مول من الصوديوم (23 مجم) لكل وحدة جرعة، وهو ما يعني أنه "خال من الصوديوم" تقريبًا.

 

https://localhost:44358/Dashboard

تناول دائمًا هذا الدَّواء كما أخبرك طبيبك بالضبط. راجع طبيبك أو الصيدلي الخاص بك إذا لم تكن متأكدًا من كيفية الاستخدام.

 

البالغون والأطفال الذين تبلغ أوزانهم 40 كجم فأكثر

·         الجرعة المعتادة - قرص واحد مرتين في اليوم.

·         جرعة أعلى - قرص واحد ثلاث مرّات في اليوم.

 

الأطفال البالغ وزنهم أقل من 40 كجم

يُفَضَّل علاج الأطفال بعُمْر 6 سنوات أو أقل بأموكسيسيلين/ حمض الكلافيولانيك معلَّق أو أكياس للتَّناوُل الفموي.

 

استشر طبيبك أو الصيدلي الخاص بك عند إعطاء عقار كيورام ١ جرام أقراص للأطفال ممن تقل أوزانهم عن ٤٠ كجم. الأقراص غير مناسبة للأطفال البالغ وزنهم أقل من 25 كجم.

 

المرضى الذين يعانون من مشكلات بالكلى والكبد

•  إذا كنت تعاني من مشاكل بالكلى فقد يتم تغيير الجرعة. قد يختار طبيبك تركيزًا مختلفًا أو دواءً مختلفًا.

•  إذا كنت تُعاني من مشاكل في الكبد فقد تخضع لاختبارات الدَّم بشكلٍ أكثر تكرارًا؛ للتَّحقق من كيفية عمل الكبد لديك.

 

كيفية تناوُل عقار كيورام 1 جرام

·         ابتلع الأقراص كاملةً مع كوب من الماء مع وجبة

·         يمكن تقسيم الأقراص عند خط التَّقسيم ليصبح ابتلاعها أسهل. يجب عليك تناوُل نصفي القرص بالوقت نفسه.

·         اترك فواصل زمنية متساوية بين الجرعات خلال اليوم؛ بحيث لا تقل عن 4 ساعات. لا تتناول جرعتين في ساعة واحدة.

·         لا تتناول هذا الدَّواء لأكثر من أسبوعين. إذا كنت لا تزال تشعر بالتوعُّك، فعليك العودة لرؤية الطبيب.

 

إذا تناولت كمية أكثر مما يجب من عقار كيورام 1 جرام

إذا تناولت كمية أكثر مما يجب من عقار كيورام 1 جرام، فقد تتضمن العلامات تهيُّج المعدة (شعورًا بالإعياء أو الإصابة بإعياء أو إسهالًا) أو تشنُّجات. تحدَّث مع طبيبك في أسرع وقت ممكن. خذ معك عبوة الدَّواء الكرتونية أو الزجاجة ليطلع عليها الطبيب.

 

إذا أغفلت تناوُل عقار كيورام 1 جرام

إذا أغفلت تناول إحدى الجرعات، فتناولها بمجرد تذكرك لها. يجب ألا تتناول الجرعة التَّالية في وقتٍ مبكر، ولكن انتظر 4 ساعات قبل تناوُل الجرعة التَّالية. لا تتناول جرعة مضاعفة لتعويض جرعة أغفلتها.

 

إذا توقفت عن تناوُل عقار كيورام ١ جرام

استمر في تناوُل عقار كيورام 1 جرام حتى انتهاء العلاج، حتى إذا شعرت بتحسُّن. أنت بحاجة إلى كل جرعة للمساعدة في مكافحة العدوى. إذا نجت بعض البكتيريا فقد تتسبب في عودة العدوى.

 

إذا كانت لديك أية أسئلة إضافية حول استخدام هذا الدَّواء، فاستشر طبيبك أو الصيدلي الخاص بك.

 

مثله مثل كافة الأدوية، قد يُسبب هذا الدَّواء آثارًا جانبية، على الرَّغم من عدم حدوثها لدى الجميع.

الحالات التي يجب عليك عندها الانتباه لتفاعلات الحساسية:

·         الطفح الجلدي.

·         التهاب الأوعية الدَّموية الذي قد يظهر على هيئة بقع بارزة على الجلد، حمراء أو أرجوانية، ولكن قد يُصيب أجزاء أخرى من الجسم.

·         حُمّى وألم بالمفاصل وتورُّم بالغدد في الرقبة أو الإبط أو الفخذ.

·         تورُّم، يصيب في بعض الأحيان الوجه أو الحَلْق (وذمة وعائية)، مما يُسبب صعوبة في التنفس.

·         هبوط.

اتصل بطبيب على الفور إذا تعرضت للإصابة بأي من هذه الأعراض. توقف عن تناوُل عقار كيورام 1 جرام.

 

التهاب الأمعاء الغليظة

التهاب الأمعاء الغليظة، وهو ما ينجم عنه الإصابة بإسهال مائي يكون عادةً مصحوبًا بدم ومخاط، ألم بالمعدة و/أو حُمّى.

اتصل بطبيبك في أسرع وقت ممكن لتستشيره إذا أُصبت بهذه الأعراض.

 

الآثار الجانبية الشَّائعة جدًّا (قد تُؤثر على أكثر من شخص واحد من بين كل 10 أشخاص)

·         إِسْهال (في البالغين).

 

الآثار الجانبية الشَّائعة (قد تُؤثر على ما يصل إلى شخص واحد من بين كل 10 أشخاص)

·         سُلَاق (فطر الكانديدا - وهي عدوى فطرية تصيب المهبل أو الفم أو ثنايا الجلد).

·         شعور بالإعياء (غثيان)، لا سيَّما عند تناوُل جرعات مرتفعة. إذا أصبت بذلك فتناول عقار كيورام 1 جرام مع الطعام.

·         قيء.

·         إسهال (في الأطفال).

 

الآثار الجانبية غير الشائعة (قد تُؤثر على ما يصل إلى شخص واحد من بين كل 100 شخص)

·         طفح جلدي، حكة.

·         طفح جلدي بارز مثير للحكة (شرى).

·         عسر الهضم،

·         دوخة.

·         صداع.

 

الآثار الجانبية غير الشَّائعة التي قد تظهر في اختبارات الدَّم:

·         زيادة في بعض المواد (الإنزيمات) التي يفرزها الكبد.

 

نادرة (قد تُؤثر على ما يصل إلى شخص واحد من بين كل 1000 شخص)

·         طفح جلدي قد يتحول إلى بثور ويبدو مثل أهدافٍ صغيرة (بقع داكنة مركزية محاطة بمنطقة أكثر شحوبًا، مع وجود حلقة داكنة حول الحافة - احمرار متعدد الأشكال).

-->إذا لاحظت أيًّا من هذه الأعراض، فتحدَّث إلى طبيبٍ بشكلٍ عاجل.

 

الآثار الجانبية النَّادرة التي قد تظهر في اختبارات الدَّم الخاصة بك:

·         انخفاض عدد الخلايا المعنية بتجلط الدَّم.

·         انخفاض عدد خلايا الدَّم البيضاء.

 

غير معروفة التكرار (لا يمكن تقدير معدل التكرار من واقع البيانات المتاحة)

لُوحظ حدوث آثار جانبية أخرى في عدد قليل للغاية من الأشخاص، ولكن معدّل تكرارها غير معروف تحديدًا.

·         تفاعلات حساسية (انظر أعلاه)

·         التهاب الأمعاء الغليظة (انظر أعلاه)

·         التهاب الأغشية الواقية المحيطة بالمخ (التهاب السحايا العَقيم)

·         تفاعلات جلدية خطيرة:

-          طفح جلدي واسع الانتشار مع بثور وتقشُّر بالجلد، لا سيَّما حول الفم والأنف والعينين والأعضاء التناسلية (متلازمة ستيفن جونسون)، وشكل آخر أكثر شدة، يسبب تقشرًا واسع النطاق بالجلد (أكثر من 30٪ من سطح الجسم - انحلال البشرة النخري التَّسَمُّمِيّ).

-          طفح جلدي أحمر واسع الانتشار مع بثور صغيرة تحتوي على صديد (التهاب الجلد التقشري الفقاعي).

-          طفح جلدي أحمر تقشري مع وجود كتل أسفل الجلد وبثور (بُثار طفحي).

-          أعراض شبيهة بأعراض الأنفلونزا مصحوبة بطفح جلدي وحُمَّى وتورُّم بالغدد ونتائج غير طبيعية لاختبارات الدَّم [بما في ذلك زيادة عدد خلايا الدَّم البيضاء (كثرة خلايا اليُوزينِيَّات) وإنزيمات الكبد] (الطفح الجلدي الدَّوائي المصحوب بكثرة خلايا اليُوزينِيَّات والأعراض الجهازية DRESS).

 

-->اتصل بطبيب على الفور إذا تعرضت للإصابة بأي من هذه الأعراض.

·         التهاب الكبد

·         اليرقان، يحدث بفعل ارتفاع مستوى البيليروبين في الدَّم (مادة تُفرز في الكبد)، مما قد يجعل جلدك وبياض عينيك يبدوان بلون أصفر.

·         التهاب الأنابيب الموجودة بالكُلى.

·         استغراق الدَّم فترة أطول ليتجلَّط.

·         فرط النشاط،

·         التشنجات (في الأشخاص الذين يتناولون جرعات مرتفعة من عقار كيورام® 1 جرام أو الذين يعانون من مشكلات بالكُلى).

·         لسان أسود يبدو مشعرًا.

 

الآثار الجانبية التي قد تظهر في اختبارات الدَّم أو البول الخاصة بك

·         انخفاض شديد في عدد خلايا الدَّم البيضاء.

·         انخفاض عدد خلايا الدَّم الحمراء (فقر الدَّم الانحلالي).

·         بلورات في البول.

 

الإبلاغ عن الآثار الجانبية

إذا ظهرت لديك أية آثار جانبية، فتحدث إلى الطبيب أو الصيدلي الخاص بك. يشمل ذلك أية آثار جانبية مُحتمَلة، غير المُدرجة في هذه النَّشرة.

. بإبلاغك عن الآثار الجانبية، يمكنك المساعدة في توفير المزيد من المعلومات حول أمان استخدام هذا الدَّواء.

 

 

يُحفظ هذا الدَّواء بعيدًا عن رؤية ومُتناوَل الأطفال.

 

لا تستعمل هذا الدَّواء بعد تاريخ انتهاء الصلاحية المذكور على العبوة الكرتونيَّة بعد كلمة "EXP". يُشير تاريخ انتهاء الصَّلاحية إلى اليوم الأخير من ذلك الشهر.

 

لا يُخزن في درجة حرارة تتعدى 25 درجة مئوية.

 يُحفَظ بعيدًا عن الضوء والرطوبة.

 

لا تتخلص من الأدوية عن طريق إلقائها في مياه الصَّرف أو مع المخلفات المنزلية. استشر الصيدلي الخاص بك عن كيفية التَّخلص من الأدوية التي لم تَعُد تستخدمها. ستُساعد هذه الإجراءات في الحفاظ على البيئة.

 

 

-          المواد الفعالة هي أموكسيسيلّين وحمض الكلافيولانيك. يحتوي كل قرص مُغلَّف على 875 مجم أموكسيسيلّين و125 مجم حمض الكلافيولانيك.

 

-          المكونات الأخرى هي:

محتوى القرص الدَّاخلي: سيليكا غروية لا مائية، ستيرات الماغنسيوم، (E572)، تلك، بوفيدون، كروسكارميلوز الصوديوم، سليلوز دقيق التبلور.

 

غلاف القرص: ثلاثي إيثيل السترات، إيثيل السليلوز، سلفات لوريل الصوديوم، كحول سيتيلي، هيبروميلوز، تلك، ثاني أكسيد التيتانيوم (E171).

 

الأقراص المغلفة عبارة عن أقراص مستطيلة الشَّكل ذات لون أبيض مائل إلى الأصفر الشَّاحب ومحززة على كلا الجانبين.

 

خط التَّقسيم هو لتسهيل كسرها؛ ليسهل بلعها وليس لتقسيمها إلى جرعات متساوية.

 

شركة ساندوز المحدودة

 ١٠ شارع الكيمياء الحيوية

 ٦٢٥٠ كوندل

 النمسا

06/2018
 Read this leaflet carefully before you start using this product as it contains important information for you

Curam® 1 g film-coated tablets

Each film-coated tablet contains 875 mg amoxicillin (equivalent to 1004.5 mg amoxicillin trihydrate) and 125 mg clavulanic acid (equivalent to 148.9 mg potassium clavulante). Excipient(s) with known effect: Each film-coated tablet contains 0.167 mmol (3.83 mg) sodium. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

Film-coated tablet. Oblong, white to pale yellow, film-coated tablet, scored on both sides. The score line is only to facilitate breaking for ease of swallowing and not to divide into equal doses.

Curam® 1 g is indicated for the treatment of the following infections in adults and children (see sections 4.2, 4.4 and 5.1):

 

-            Acute bacterial sinusitis (adequately diagnosed)

-            Acute otitis media

-            Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (adequately diagnosed)

-            Community acquired pneumonia

-            Cystitis

-            Pyelonephritis

-            Skin and soft tissue infections in particular cellulitis, animal bites, severe dental abscess with spreading cellulitis.

-            Bone and joint infections, in particular osteomyelitis.

 

Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.

 


Posology

 

Doses are expressed throughout in terms of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid content except when doses are stated in terms of an individual component.

 

The dose of Curam® 1 g that is selected to treat an individual infection should take into account:

-            The expected pathogens and their likely susceptibility to antibacterial agents (see section 4.4)

-            The severity and the site of the infection

-            The age, weight and renal function of the patient as shown below.

 

The use of alternative presentations of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid combination (e.g. those that provide higher doses of amoxicillin and/or different ratios of amoxicillin to clavulanic acid) should be considered as necessary (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).

 

For adults and children  ³ 40 kg, this formulation of Curam® 1 g provides a total daily dose of 1750 mg amoxicillin/ 250 mg clavulanic acid with twice daily dosing and 2625 mg amoxicillin/375 mg clavulanic acid with three times daily dosing, when administered as recommended below. For children < 40 kg, this formulation of Curam® 1 g provides a maximum daily dose of 1000-2800 mg amoxicillin/143-400 mg clavulanic acid, when administered as recommended below. If it is considered that a higher daily dose of amoxicillin is required, it is recommended that another preparation of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is selected in order to avoid administration of unnecessarily high daily doses of clavulanic acid (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).

 

 

The duration of therapy should be determined by the response of the patient. Some infections (e.g. osteomyelitis) require longer periods of treatment. Treatment should not be extended beyond 14 days without review (see section 4.4 regarding prolonged therapy).

 

Adults and children ³ 40 kg

Recommended doses:

-            standard dose: (for all indications) 875 mg/125 mg two times a day;

-            higher dose - (particularly for infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, lower respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections): 875 mg/125 mg three times a day.

 

Children < 40 kg

Children may be treated with Curam® 1 g tablets, suspensions or paediatric sachets.

 

 

Recommended doses:

-            25 mg/3.6 mg/kg/day to 45 mg/6.4 mg/kg/day given as two divided doses;

-            up to 70 mg/10 mg/kg/day given as two divided doses may be considered for some infections (such as otitis media, sinusitis and lower respiratory tract infections).

 

As the tablets cannot be divided children weighing less than 25 kg must not be treated with Curam® 1 g tablets.

 

The table below presents the received dose (mg/kg body weight) in children weighing 25 kg to 40 kg upon administering a single 875/125 mg tablet.

 

Body weight (kg)

40

35

30

25

Single dose recommended [mg/kg body weight] (see above)

Amoxicillin [mg/kg body weight] per single dose (1

21.9

25.0

29.2

35.0

12.5 – 22.5

(up to 35)

 

 

film-coated tablet)

 

 

 

 

 

Clavulanic acid [mg/kg body weight] per single dose (1 film-coated tablet)

3.1

3.6

4.2

5.0

1.8 – 3.2

(up to 5)

 

Children weighing less than 25 kg should preferably be treated with Curam® 1 g suspension or pediatric sachets.

 

No clinical data are available for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 7:1 formulations regarding doses higher than 45 mg/6.4 mg per kg per day in children under 2 years.

 

There are no clinical data for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 7:1 formulations for patients under 2 months of age. Dosing recommendations in this population therefore cannot be made.

 

 

Elderly

No dose adjustment is considered necessary.

 

Renal impairment

No dose adjustment is required in patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) greater than 30 ml/min. In patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min, the use of Curam® 1 g

presentations with an amoxicillin to clavulanic acid ratio of 7:1 is not recommended, as no recommendations for dose adjustments are available.

 

Hepatic impairment

Dose with caution and monitor hepatic function at regular intervals (see sections 4.3 and 4.4).

 

Method of administration

 

Curam® 1 g is for oral use.

Curam® 1 g should be administered with a meal to minimise potential gastrointestinal intolerance.

 

Therapy can be started parenterally according to the SmPC of the IV-formulation and continued with an oral preparation.

 

 


Hypersensitivity to the active substances, to any of the penicillins or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1. History of a severe immediate hypersensitivity reaction (e.g. anaphylaxis) to another beta-lactam agent (e.g. a cephalosporin, carbapenem or monobactam). History of jaundice/hepatic impairment due to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (see section 4.8).

Before initiating therapy with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, careful enquiry should be made concerning previous hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins or other beta-lactam agents (see sections 4.3 and 4.8).

 

Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylactoid and severe cutaneous adverse reactions) have been reported in patients on penicillin therapy. These reactions are more likely to occur in individuals with a history of penicillin hypersensitivity and in atopic individuals. If an allergic reaction occurs, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid therapy must be discontinued and appropriate alternative therapy instituted.

 

In the case that an infection is proven to be due to an amoxicillin-susceptible organisms(s) then consideration should be given to switching from amoxicillin/clavulanic acid to amoxicillin in accordance with official guidance.

 

This presentation of Curam® 1 g is not suitable for use when there is a high risk that the presumptive pathogens have reduced susceptibility or resistance to beta-lactam agents that is not mediated by beta-lactamases susceptible to inhibition by clavulanic acid. This presentation should not be used to treat penicillin-resistant  S. pneumoniae.

 

Convulsions may occur in patients with impaired renal function or in those receiving high doses (see section 4.8).

 

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid should be avoided if infectious mononucleosis is suspected since the occurrence of a morbilliform rash has been associated with this condition following the use of amoxicillin.

 

Concomitant use of allopurinol during treatment with amoxicillin can increase the likelihood of allergic skin reactions.

 

Prolonged use may occasionally result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms.

 

The occurrence at the treatment initiation of a feverish generalised erythema associated with pustula may be a symptom of acute generalised exanthemous pustulosis (AGEP) (see Section 4.8). This reaction requires Curam® 1 g discontinuation and contra-indicates any subsequent administration of amoxicillin.

 

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid should be used with caution in patients with evidence of hepatic impairment (see sections 4.2, 4.3 and 4.8).

 

Hepatic events have been reported predominantly in males and elderly patients and may be associated with prolonged treatment. These events have been very rarely reported in children. In all populations, signs and symptoms usually occur during or shortly after treatment but in some cases may not become apparent until several weeks after treatment has ceased. These are usually reversible. Hepatic events may be severe and in extremely rare circumstances, deaths have been reported. These have almost always occurred in patients with serious underlying disease or taking concomitant medications known to have the potential for hepatic effects (see section 4.8).

 

Antibiotic-associated colitis has been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents including amoxicillin and may range in severity from mild to life threatening (see section 4.8). Therefore, it is important to consider this diagnosis in patients who present with diarrhoea during or subsequent to the administration of any antibiotics. Should antibiotic-associated colitis occur, Curam® 1 g should immediately be discontinued, a physician be consulted and an appropriate therapy initiated. Anti-peristaltic medicinal products are contra-indicated in this situation.

 

Periodic assessment of organ system functions, including renal, hepatic and haematopoietic function is advisable during prolonged therapy.

 

Prolongation of prothrombin time has been reported rarely in patients receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Appropriate monitoring should be undertaken when anticoagulants are prescribed concomitantly.

Adjustments in the dose of oral anticoagulants may be necessary to maintain the desired level of anticoagulation (see section 4.5 and 4.8).

 

In patients with renal impairment, the dose should be adjusted according to the degree of impairment (see section 4.2).

 

In patients with reduced urine output, crystalluria has been observed very rarely, predominantly with parenteral therapy. During the administration of high doses of amoxicillin, it is advisable to maintain adequate fluid intake and urinary output in order to reduce the possibility of amoxicillin crystalluria. In patients with bladder catheters, a regular check of patency should be maintained (see section 4.9).

 

During treatment with amoxicillin, enzymatic glucose oxidase methods should be used whenever testing for the presence of glucose in urine because false positive results may occur with non-enzymatic methods.

 

The presence of clavulanic acid in Curam® 1 g may cause a non-specific binding of IgG and albumin by red cell membranes leading to a false positive Coombs test.

 

There have been reports of positive test results using the Bio-Rad Laboratories Platelia Aspergillus EIA test in patients receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid who were subsequently found to be free of Aspergillus infection. Cross-reactions with non-Aspergillus polysaccharides and polyfuranoses with Bio-Rad Laboratories Platelia Aspergillus EIA test have been reported. Therefore, positive test results in patients receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid should be interpreted cautiously and confirmed by other diagnostic methods.

 


Oral anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants and penicillin antibiotics have been widely used in practice without reports of interaction. However, in the literature there are cases of increased international normalised ratio in patients maintained on acenocoumarol or warfarin and prescribed a course of amoxicillin. If co-administration is necessary, the prothrombin time or international normalised ratio should be carefully monitored with the addition or withdrawal of amoxicillin. Moreover, adjustments in the dose of oral anticoagulants may be necessary (see sections 4.4 and 4.8).

 

Methotrexate

Penicillins may reduce the excretion of methotrexate causing a potential increase in toxicity.

 

Probenecid

Concomitant use of probenecid is not recommended. Probenecid decreases the renal tubular secretion of amoxicillin. Concomitant use of probenecid may result in increased and prolonged blood levels of amoxicillin but not of clavulanic acid.

 

Mycophenolate mofetil

In patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil, reduction in pre-dose concentration of the active metabolite mycophenolic acid (MPA) of approximately 50% has been reported following commencement of oral

 

amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. The change in pre-dose level may not accurately represent changes in overall MPA exposure.

Therefore, a change in the dose of mycophenolate mofetil should not normally be necessary in the absence of clinical evidence of graft dysfunction. However, close clinical monitoring should be performed during the combination and shortly after antibiotic treatment.

 


Breast-feeding

Both substances are excreted into breast milk (nothing is known of the effects of clavulanic acid on the breast-fed infant). Consequently, diarrhoea and fungus infection of the mucous membranes are possible in the breast-fed infant, so that breast-feeding might have to be discontinued. The possibility of sensitisation should be taken into account.

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid should only be used during breast-feeding after benefit/risk assessment by the physician in charge.


No studies on the effects on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed. However, undesirable effects may occur (e.g. allergic reactions, dizziness, convulsions), which may influence the ability to drive and use machines (see section 4.8).

 


The most commonly reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.

The ADRs derived from clinical studies and post-marketing surveillance with Curam® 1 g, sorted by MedDRA System Organ Class are listed below.

 

The following terminologies have been used in order to classify the occurrence of undesirable effects. Very common (³1/10)

Common (³1/100 to <1/10) Uncommon(³1/1,000 to <1/100) Rare (³1/10,000 to <1/1,000) Very rare (<1/10,000)

Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)

 

 

 

Reversible leucopenia (including neutropenia)

Rare

Thrombocytopenia

Rare

Reversible agranulocytosis

Not known

Haemolytic anaemia

Not known

Prolongation of bleeding time and prothrombin time1

Not known

Immune system disorders 10

Angioneurotic oedema

Not known

Anaphylaxis

Not known

Serum sickness-like syndrome

Not known

Hypersensitivity vasculitis

Not known

Nervous system disorders

Dizziness

Uncommon

Headache

Uncommon

Reversible hyperactivity

Not known

Convulsions2

Not known

Aseptic meningitis

Not known

Gastrointestinal disorders

Diarrhoea

Very common

Nausea3

Common

Vomiting

Common

Indigestion

Uncommon

Antibiotic-associated colitis4

Not known

Black hairy tongue

Not known

Hepatobiliary disorders

Rises in AST and/or ALT5

Uncommon

Hepatitis6

Not known

Cholestatic jaundice6

Not known

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders 7

Skin rash

Uncommon

Pruritus

Uncommon

Urticaria

Uncommon

Erythema multiforme

Rare

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Not known

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Not known

Bullous exfoliative-dermatitis

Not known

Acute generalised exanthemous pustulosis (AGEP)9

Not known

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)

Not known

Renal and urinary disorders

Interstitial nephritis

Not known

   

 

 

Crystalluria8

Not known

1  See section 4.4

2  See section 4.4

3  Nausea is more often associated with higher oral doses. If gastrointestinal reactions are evident, they may be reduced by taking  [Curam® 1 g] with a meal.

4  Including pseudomembranous colitis and haemorrhagic colitis (see section 4.4)

5  A moderate rise in AST and/or ALT has been noted in patients treated with beta-lactam class antibiotics, but the significance of these findings is unknown.

6  These events have been noted with other penicillins and cephalosporins (see section 4.4).

7  If any hypersensitivity dermatitis reaction occurs, treatment should be discontinued (see section 4.4). 8 See section 4.9

9  See section 4.4

10  See section 4.3., 4.4

 

 

 

To reports any side effect(s):

   Saudi Arabia:

 

•    The National Pharmacovigilance Centre (NPC):

 

-    Fax: +966-11-205-7662

-    Call NPC at +966-11-2038222, Ext 2317-2356-2340

-    SFDA Call Center: 19999

-    E-mail: npc.drug@sfda.gov.sa

-    Website: https://ade.sfda.gov.sa/

 

 

      Other GCC States:

 

-    Please contact the relevant competent authority.

 


Symptoms and signs of overdose

 

Gastrointestinal symptoms and disturbance of the fluid and electrolyte balances may be evident. Amoxicillin crystalluria, in some cases leading to renal failure, has been observed (see section 4.4).

 

Convulsions may occur in patients with impaired renal function or in those receiving high doses.

 

Amoxicillin has been reported to precipitate in bladder catheters, predominantly after intravenous administration of large doses. A regular check of patency should be maintained (see section 4.4)

 

Treatment of intoxication

Gastrointestinal symptoms may be treated symptomatically, with attention to the water/electrolyte balance. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid can be removed from the circulation by haemodialysis.

 


 Mechanim of action

 

Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin (beta-lactam antibiotic) that inhibits one or more enzymes (often referred to as penicillin-binding proteins, PBPs) in the biosynthetic pathway of bacterial peptidoglycan, which is an integral structural component of the bacterial cell wall. Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis leads to weakening of the cell wall, which is usually followed by cell lysis and death.

 

Amoxicillin is susceptible to degradation by beta-lactamases produced by resistant bacteria and therefore the spectrum of activity of amoxicillin alone does not include organisms which produce these enzymes.

 

Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam structurally related to penicillins. It inactivates some beta-lactamase enzymes thereby preventing inactivation of amoxicillin. Clavulanic acid alone does not exert a clinically useful antibacterial effect.

 

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship

 

The time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T>MIC) is considered to be the major determinant of efficacy for amoxicillin.

 

Mechanisms of resistance

The two main mechanisms of resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are:

 

-            Inactivation by those bacterial beta-lactamases that are not themselves inhibited by clavulanic acid, including class B, C and D.

-            Alteration of PBPs, which reduce the affinity of the antibacterial agent for the target.

 

Impermeability of bacteria or efflux pump mechanisms may cause or contribute to bacterial resistance, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria.

 

Breakpoints

MIC breakpoints for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are those of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST)

 

Organism

Susceptibility Breakpoints (mg/ml)

Susceptible

Intermediate

Resistant

Haemophilus influenzae1

≤ 1

-

> 1

Moraxella catarrhalis1

≤ 1

-

> 1

Staphylococcus aureus 2

≤ 2

-

> 2

Coagulase-negative staphylococci 2

≤ 0.25

> 0.25

Enterococcus1

≤ 4

8

> 8

Streptococcus A, B, C, G5

≤ 0.25

-

> 0.25

Streptococcus pneumoniae3

≤ 0.5

1-2

> 2

Enterobacteriaceae 1,4

-

-

> 8

Gram-negative Anaerobes1

≤ 4

8

> 8

Gram-positive Anaerobes1

≤ 4

8

> 8

Non-species related breakpoints1

≤ 2

4-8

> 8

1  The reported values are for Amoxicillin concentrations. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of Clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/l.

2  The reported values are Oxacillin concentrations.

 

 

3  Breakpoint values in the table are based on Ampicillin breakpoints.

4  The resistant breakpoint of R>8 mg/l ensures that all isolates with resistance mechanisms are reported resistant.

5  Breakpoint values in the table are based on Benzylpenicillin breakpoints.

The prevalence of resistance may vary geographically and with time for selected species, and local information on resistance is desirable, particularly when treating severe infections. As necessary, expert advice should be sought when the local prevalence of resistance is such that the utility of the agent in at least some types of infections is questionable.

 

Commonly susceptible species

Aerobic Gram-positive micro-organisms

Enterococcus faecalis Gardnerella vaginalis

Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible) £

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (methicillin-susceptible)

Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pneumoniae1

Streptococcus pyogenes and other beta-haemolytic streptococci

Streptococcus viridans group

 

Aerobic Gram-negative micro-organisms

Capnocytophaga spp. Eikenella corrodens Haemophilus influenzae2 Moraxella catarrhalis Pasteurella multocida

 

Anaerobic micro-organisms Bacteroides fragilis Fusobacterium nucleatum Prevotella spp.

Species for which acquired resistance may be a problem

Aerobic Gram-positive micro-organisms

Enterococcus faecium $

 

Aerobic Gram-negative micro-organisms

Escherichia coli Klebsiella oxytoca Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus mirabilis Proteus vulgaris

Inherently resistant organisms

 

 

Aerobic Gram-negative micro-organisms

Acinetobacter sp. Citrobacter freundii Enterobacter sp.

Legionella pneumophila Morganella morganii Providencia spp.

Pseudomonas sp.

Serratia sp.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Other micro-organisms Chlamydophila pneumoniae Chlamydophila psittaci Coxiella burnetti Mycoplasma pneumoniae

$ Natural intermediate susceptibility in the absence of acquired mechanism of resistance.

£ All methicillin-resistant staphylococci are resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

1 Streptococcus pneumoniae that are resistant to penicillin should not be treated with this presentation of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (see sections 4.2 and 4.4).

2 Strains with decreased susceptibility have been reported in some countries in the EU with a frequency

higher than 10%.


1.1               Absorption

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, are fully dissociated in aqueous solution at physiological pH. Both components are rapidly and well absorbed by the oral route of administration. Absorption of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is optimised when taken at the start of a meal. Following oral administration, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are approximately 70% bioavailable. The plasma profiles of both components are similar and the time to peak plasma concentration (Tmax) in each case is approximately one hour.

The pharmacokinetic results for a study, in which amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (875 mg/125 mg tablets given twice daily) was administered in the fasting state to groups of healthy volunteers are presented below.

Mean (± SD) pharmacokinetic parameters

Active substance(s) administered

Dose

Cmax

Tmax *

AUC (0-24h)

T 1/2

(mg)

(mg/ml)

(h)

((mg.h/ml)

(h)

Amoxicillin

AMX/CA

875 mg/125 mg

875

11.64

±2.78

1.50 (1.0-2.5)

53.52

±12.31

1.19

± 0.21

Clavulanic acid

AMX/CA

875 mg/125 mg

125

2.18

±0.99

1.25 (1.0-2.0)

10.16

±3.04

0.96

±0.12

AMX – amoxicillin, CA – clavulanic acid

* Median (range)

 

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid serum concentrations achieved with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are similar to those produced by the oral administration of equivalent doses of amoxicillin or clavulanic acid alone.

 

 

Distribution

 

About 25% of total plasma clavulanic acid and 18% of total plasma amoxicillin is bound to protein. The apparent volume of distribution is around 0.3-0.4 l/kg for amoxicillin and around 0.2 l/kg for clavulanic acid.

 

Following intravenous administration, both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid have been found in gall bladder, abdominal tissue, skin, fat, muscle tissues, synovial and peritoneal fluids, bile and pus. Amoxicillin does not adequately distribute into the cerebrospinal fluid.

 

From animal studies there is no evidence for significant tissue retention of drug-derived material for either component. Amoxicillin, like most penicillins, can be detected in breast milk. Trace quantities of clavulanic acid can also be detected in breast milk (see section 4.6).

 

Both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid have been shown to cross the placental barrier (see section 4.6).

 

Biotransformation

 

Amoxicillin is partly excreted in the urine as the inactive penicilloic acid in quantities equivalent to up to 10 to 25% of the initial dose. Clavulanic acid is extensively metabolized in man and eliminated in urine and faeces and as carbon dioxide in expired air.

 

Elimination

 

The major route of elimination for amoxicillin is via the kidney, whereas for clavulanic acid it is by both renal and non-renal mechanisms.

 

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid has a mean elimination half-life of approximately one hour and a mean total clearance of approximately 25 l/h in healthy subjects. Approximately 60 to 70% of the amoxicillin and approximately 40 to 65% of the clavulanic acid are excreted unchanged in urine during the first 6 h after administration of single amoxicilllin/clavulanic acid 250 mg/125 mg or 500 mg/125 mg tablets. Various studies have found the urinary excretion to be 50-85% for amoxicillin and between 27-60% for clavulanic acid over a 24 hour period. In the case of clavulanic acid, the largest amount of drug is excreted during the first 2 hours after administration.

Concomitant use of probenecid delays amoxicillin excretion but does not delay renal excretion of clavulanic acid (see section 4.5).

 

Age

 

The elimination half-life of amoxicillin is similar for children aged around 3 months to 2 years and older children and adults. For very young children (including preterm newborns) in the first week of life the interval of administration should not exceed twice daily administration due to immaturity of the renal pathway of elimination. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

 

Gender

Following oral administration of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid to healthy males and female subjects, gender has no significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of either amoxicillin or clavulanic acid.

 

Renal impairment

 

The total serum clearance of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreases proportionately with decreasing renal function. The reduction in drug clearance is more pronounced for amoxicillin than for clavulanic acid, as a

 

higher proportion of amoxicillin is excreted via the renal route. Doses in renal impairment must therefore prevent undue accumulation of amoxicillin while maintaining adequate levels of clavulanic acid (see section 4.2).

 

Hepatic impairment

 

Hepatically impaired patients should be dosed with caution and hepatic function monitored at regular intervals.

 


Nonclinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on studies of safety pharmacology, genotoxicity and toxicity to reproduction.

 

Repeat dose toxicity studies performed in dogs with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid demonstrate gastric irritancy and vomiting, and discoloured tongue.

 

Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or its components.

 

 


Tablet core:

Colloidal anhydrous silica

Magnesium stearate (E572)

 Talc

Povidone

Croscarmellose sodium

Cellulose microcrystalline

 

Tablet coat:

Triethyl citrate

Ethylcellulose

Sodium lauryl sulfate

Cethyl alcohol

Hypromellose

Talc

Titanium dioxide (E171)

 


Not applicable.


36 months.

Store below 25°C.

 Protect from Light and moisture.


 

Sealed strips of aluminium foil with polyethylene coating.

 

Pack sizes:

Single packs of 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20 and 100 film-coated tablets

Hospital packs of 40, 50, 100 and 500 film-coated tablets. Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

 

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.


No special requirements for disposal.


Sandoz GmbH Biochemiestrasse 10 6250 Kundl Austria

06/2018
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