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نشرة الممارس الصحي نشرة معلومات المريض بالعربية نشرة معلومات المريض بالانجليزية صور الدواء بيانات الدواء
  SFDA PIL (Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) are under review by Saudi Food and Drug Authority)

Lenalidomide Capsules contains the active substance ‘Lenalidomide’. This medicine belongs to a group of medicines which affect how your immune system works.

 

What Lenalidomide Capsules is used for

Lenalidomide Capsules is used in adults for:

1.  Multiple myeloma

2.  Myelodysplastic syndromes

3.  Mantle cell lymphoma

 

Multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer which affects a certain kind of white blood cell, called the plasma cell. These cells collect in the bone marrow and divide, becoming out of control. This can damage the bones and kidneys.

Multiple myeloma generally cannot be cured. However, the signs and symptoms can be greatly reduced or disappear for a period of time. This is called a ‘response’.

Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma – in patients who have had a bone marrow transplant Lenalidomide Capsules is used on its own as a maintenance therapy after patients have recovered enough following a bone marrow transplant.

 

Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma – in patients who cannot have a bone marrow transplant Lenalidomide Capsules is taken with other medicines. These may include:

·       a chemotherapy medicine called ‘bortezomib’

·       an anti-inflammatory medicine called ‘dexamethasone’

·       a chemotherapy medicine called ‘melphalan’ and

·       an immunosuppressant medicine called ‘prednisone’.

 

You will take these other medicines at the start of treatment and then continue to take Lenalidomide Capsules on its own.

 

If you are aged 75 years or older or have moderate to severe kidney problems - your doctor will check you carefully before starting treatment.

 

Multiple myeloma – in patients who have had treatment before

Lenalidomide Capsules is taken together with an anti-inflammatory medicine  called ‘dexamethasone’.

 

Lenalidomide Capsules can stop the signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma getting worse. It has also been shown to delay multiple myeloma from coming back following treatment.

 

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)

MDS are a collection of many different blood and bone marrow diseases. The blood cells become abnormal and do not function properly. Patients can experience a variety of signs and symptoms

 

including a low red blood cell count (anemia), the need for a blood transfusion, and be at risk of infection.

 

Lenalidomide Capsules is used alone to treat adult patients who have been diagnosed with MDS, when all of the following apply:

·       you need regular blood transfusions to treat low levels of red blood cells (‘transfusion- dependent anemia’)

·       you have an abnormality of cells in the bone marrow called an ‘isolated deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality’. This means your body does not make enough healthy blood cells

·       the treatments have been used before, are not suitable or do not work well enough.

 

Lenalidomide Capsules can increase the number of healthy red blood cells that the body produces by reducing the number of abnormal cells:

·       this can reduce the number of blood transfusions needed. It is possible that no transfusions will be needed.

 

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)

MCL is a cancer of part of the immune system (the lymph tissue). It affects a type of white blood cell called ‘B-lymphocytes’ or B-cells. MCL is a disease where B-cells grow in an uncontrolled way and build up in the lymph tissue, bone marrow or blood.

 

Lenalidomide Capsules is used alone to treat adult patients who have previously been treated with other medicines.

 

How Lenalidomide Capsules works

Lenalidomide Capsules works by affecting the body’s immune system and directly attacking the cancer. It works in a number of different ways:

·       by stopping the cancer cells developing

·       by stopping blood vessels growing in the cancer

·       by stimulating part of the immune system to attack the cancer cells.

 

 


You must read the package leaflet of all medicinal products to be taken in combination with Lenalidomide Capsules before starting treatment with Lenalidomide Capsules.

Do not take Lenalidomide Capsules:

•                              if you are pregnant, think you may be pregnant or are planning to become pregnant, as Lenalidomide Capsules is expected to be harmful to an unborn child (see section 2, ‘Pregnancy, breast-feeding and contraception – information for women and men’).

•                              if you are able to become pregnant, unless you follow all the necessary measures to prevent you from becoming pregnant (see section 2, ‘Pregnancy, breast-feeding and contraception – information for women and men’). If you are able to become pregnant, your doctor will record with each prescription that the necessary measures have been taken and provide you with this confirmation.

•                              if you are allergic to Lenalidomide or any of the other ingredients of this medicine listed in section 6. If you think you may be allergic, ask your doctor for advice.

 

If any of these apply to you, do not take Lenalidomide Capsules. Talk to your doctor if you are not sure.

 

Warnings and precautions

Talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse before taking Lenalidomide Capsules if:

•                              you have had blood clots in the past - you have an increased risk of developing blood clots in the veins and arteries during treatment

•                              you have any signs of an infection, such as a cough or fever

•                              you have or have ever had previous viral infection, particularly: hepatitis B infection, varicella zoster, HIV. If you are in doubt, talk to your doctor. Treatment with Lenalidomide Capsules may cause the virus to become active again, in patients who carry the virus. This results in a recurrence of the infection. Your doctor should check whether you have ever had hepatitis B infection

•                              you have kidney problems - your doctor may adjust your dose of Lenalidomide Capsules

•                              you have had a heart attack, have ever had a blood clot, or if you smoke, have high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels

 

•                              you have had an allergic reaction whilst taking thalidomide (another medicine used to treat multiple myeloma) such as rash, itching, swelling, dizziness or trouble breathing

•                              you have experienced in the past a combination of any of the following symptoms: widespread rash, red skin, high body temperature, flu-like symptoms, liver enzyme elevations, blood abnormalities (eosinophilia), enlarged lymph nodes – these are signs of a severe skin reaction called Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms which is also known as DRESS or drug hypersensitivity syndrome. (see also section 4 “Possible side effects”).

 

If any of the above apply to you, tell your doctor, pharmacist or nurse before starting treatment.

At any time during or after your treatment, tell your doctor or nurse immediately if you: experience blurred, loss of or double vision, difficulty speaking, weakness in an arm or a leg, a change in the way you walk or problems with your balance, persistent numbness, decreased sensation or loss of sensation, memory loss or confusion. These may all be symptoms of a serious and potentially fatal brain condition known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). If you had these symptoms prior to treatment with Lenalidomide, tell your doctor about any change in these symptoms.

Tests and checks

Before and during the treatment with Lenalidomide Capsules you will have regular blood tests. This is because Lenalidomide Capsules may cause a fall in the blood cells that help fight infection (white blood cells) and help the blood to clot (platelets).

Your doctor will ask you to have a blood test:

•       before treatment

•       every week for the first 8 weeks of treatment

•       then at least every month after that.

 

 

For patients with MDS taking Lenalidomide Capsules

If you have MDS, you may be more likely to get a more advanced condition called acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In addition, it is not known how Lenalidomide Capsules affects the chances of you getting AML. Your doctor may therefore do tests to check for signs which may better predict the likelihood of you getting AML during your treatment with Lenalidomide Capsules.

 

For patients with MCL taking Lenalidomide Capsules Your doctor will ask you to have a blood test:

·       before treatment

·       every week for the first 8 weeks (2 cycles) of treatment

·       then every 2 weeks in cycles 3 and 4 (see section 3 ‘Treatment cycle’ for more information)

·       after this it will happen at the start of each cycle and

·       at least every month.

 

Your doctor may check if you have a high total amount of tumour throughout the body, including your bone marrow. This could lead to a condition where the tumours break down and cause unusual levels of chemicals in the blood which can lead to kidney failure (this condition is called ‘Tumour Lysis Syndrome’).

 

Your doctor may check you for changes to your skin such as red spots or rashes.

 

Your doctor may adjust your dose of Lenalidomide Capsules or stop your treatment based on the results of your blood tests and on your general condition. If you are newly diagnosed, your doctor may also assess your treatment based on your age and other conditions you already have.

 

Blood donation

You should not donate blood during treatment and for at least 7 days after the end of treatment.

 

Children and adolescents

Lenalidomide Capsules is not recommended for use in children and adolescents under 18 years.

Elderly and people with kidney problems

If you are aged 75 years or older or have moderate to severe kidney problems - your doctor will check you carefully before starting treatment.

Other medicines and Lenalidomide Capsules

Tell your doctor or nurse if you are taking or have recently taken any other medicines. This is because Lenalidomide Capsules can affect the way some other medicines work. Also, some other medicines can affect the way Lenalidomide Capsules works.

In particular, tell your doctor or nurse if you are taking any of the following medicines:

 

·       some medicines used to prevent pregnancy such as oral contraceptives, as they may stop working

·       some medicines used for heart problems – such as digoxin

·       some medicines used to thin the blood – such as warfarin.

 

Pregnancy, breast-feeding and contraception - information for women and men Pregnancy

For women taking Lenalidomide Capsules

·       You must not take Lenalidomide Capsules if you are pregnant, as it is expected to be harmful to an unborn baby.

·       You must not become pregnant while taking Lenalidomide Capsules. Therefore you must use effective methods of contraception if you are a woman of childbearing potential (see ‘Contraception’).

·       If you do become pregnant during your treatment with Lenalidomide Capsules, you must stop the treatment and inform your doctor immediately.

 

For men taking Lenalidomide Capsules

·       If your partner becomes pregnant whilst you are taking Lenalidomide Capsules, you should inform your doctor immediately. It is recommended that your partner seeks medical advice.

·       You must also use effective methods of contraception (see ‘Contraception’).

 

Breast-feeding

You must not breast-feed when taking Lenalidomide Capsules, as it is not known if Lenalidomide Capsules passes into breast milk.

 

Contraception

For women taking Lenalidomide Capsules

Before starting the treatment, ask your doctor if you are able to become pregnant, even if you think this is unlikely.

 

If you are able to become pregnant

 

·       you will have pregnancy tests under the supervision of your doctor (before every treatment, at least every 4 weeks during treatment, and at least 4 weeks after the treatment has finished) except where it has been confirmed that the fallopian tubes have been severed and sealed, to stop eggs from reaching the uterus (tubal sterilisation)

 

AND

·       you must use effective methods of contraception for at least 4 weeks before starting treatment, during treatment, and until at least 4 weeks after stopping treatment. Your doctor will advise you on appropriate methods of contraception.

 

For men taking Lenalidomide Capsules

Lenalidomide Capsules passes into human semen. If your female partner is pregnant or able to become pregnant, and she does not use effective methods of contraception, you must use condoms during treatment and for at least 7 days after the end of treatment, even if you have had a vasectomy.

 

Driving and using machines

Do not drive or operate machines if you feel dizzy, tired, sleepy, have vertigo or blurred vision after taking Lenalidomide Capsules.

 

Lenalidomide Capsules contains lactose

Lenalidomide Capsules contains lactose. If you have been told by your doctor that you have intolerance to some sugars, contact your doctor before taking this medicine.

 


Lenalidomide Capsules must be given to you by healthcare professionals with experience in treating multiple myeloma, MDS or MCL.

·       When Lenalidomide Capsules is used to treat multiple myeloma in patients who cannot have a bone marrow transplant or have had other treatments before, it is taken with other medicines (see section 1 ‘What Lenalidomide Capsules is used for’).

·       When Lenalidomide Capsules is used to treat multiple myeloma in patients who have had a bone marrow transplant or to treat patients with MDS or MCL, it is taken alone.

 

Always take Lenalidomide Capsules exactly as your doctor has told you. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.

If you are taking Lenalidomide Capsules in combination with other medicines, you should refer to the package leaflets for these medicines for further information on their use and effects.

 

Treatment cycle

Lenalidomide Capsules is taken on certain days over 3 weeks (21 days).

·       Every 21 days is called a ‘treatment cycle’.

·       Depending on the day of the cycle, you will take one or more of the medicines. However, on some days you do not take any of the medicines.

·       After completing every 21-day cycle, you should start a new ‘cycle’ over the next 21 days.

OR

Lenalidomide Capsules is taken on certain days over 4 weeks (28 days).

·       Every 28 days is called a ‘treatment cycle’.

·       Depending on the day of the cycle, you will take one or more of the medicines. However, on some days you do not take any of the medicines.

·       After completing every 28-day cycle, you should start a new ‘cycle’ over the next 28 days.

 

How much Lenalidomide Capsules to take

Before you start treatment, your doctor will tell you:

·       how much Lenalidomide Capsules you should take

·       how much of the other medicines you should take in combination with Lenalidomide Capsules, if any

·       on what days of your treatment cycle to take each medicine.

 

How and when to take Lenalidomide Capsules

·       swallow the capsules whole, preferably with water.

·       do not break, open or chew the capsules. If powder from a broken Lenalidomide Capsules capsule makes contact with the skin, wash the skin immediately and thoroughly with soap and water.

·       the capsules can be taken either with or without food.

 

·       you should take Lenalidomide Capsules at about the same time on the scheduled days.

 

Taking this medicine

To remove the capsule from the blister:

·       press only one end of the capsule out to push it through the foil

·       do not put pressure on the centre of the capsule, as this can cause it to break.

 

Duration of the treatment with Lenalidomide Capsules

Lenalidomide Capsules is taken in treatment cycles, each cycle lasting 21 or 28 days (see above ‘Treatment cycle’). You should continue the cycles of treatment until your doctor tells you to stop.

 

If you take more Lenalidomide Capsules than you should

If you take more Lenalidomide Capsules than was prescribed, tell your doctor immediately.

If you forget to take Lenalidomide Capsules

If you forget to take Lenalidomide Capsules at your regular time and:

·       less than 12 hours have passed - take your capsule immediately.

·       more than 12 hours have passed - do not take your capsule. Take your next capsule at the usual time the next day.

If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

 

 


Like all medicines, Lenalidomide Capsules can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

Serious side effects which may affect more than 1 in 10 people (very common)

Lenalidomide Capsules may reduce the number of white blood cells that fight infection and also the blood cells which help the blood to clot (platelets) which may lead to bleeding disorders such as nosebleeds and bruising.

Lenalidomide Capsules may also cause blood clots in the veins (thrombosis). Therefore you must tell your doctor immediately if you experience:

•  Fever, chills, sore throat, cough, mouth ulcers or any other symptoms of infection including within the bloodstream (sepsis)

 

•  Bleeding or bruising in the absence of injury

•  Chest pain or leg pain

•  Shortness of breath

 

 

Other side effects

It is important to note that a small number of patients may develop additional types of cancer, and it is possible that this risk may be increased with Lenalidomide Capsules treatment. Therefore your doctor should carefully evaluate the benefit and risk when you are prescribed Lenalidomide Capsules.

Very common side effects (may affect more than 1 in 10 people):

•  A fall in the number of red blood cells which may cause anemia leading to tiredness and weakness

•    Constipation, diarrhoea, nausea, redness of skin, rashes, vomiting, muscle cramps, muscle weakness, muscle pain, muscle aches, bone pain, joint pain, back pain, pain in the extermities, tiredness, generalised swelling including swelling of your arms and legs

•  Fever and flu like symptoms including fever, muscle ache, headache, earache and chills

•   Numbness, tingling or burning sensation to the skin, pains in hands or feet, dizziness, tremor, changes in the way things taste

•   Chest pain spreading to the arms, neck, jaw, back or stomach, feeling sweaty and breathless, feeling sick or vomiting, which may be symptoms of a heart attack (myocardial infarction)

•  Decreased appetite

•  Low levels of potassium and/or sodium in the blood

•  Leg pain (which could be a symptom of thrombosis), chest pain or shortness of breath (which may be a symptom of blood clots in the lungs, called pulmonary embolism)

•  Infections of all types

•  Infection of the lung and the upper respiratory tract, shortness of breath

•  Blurred vision

•  Clouding of your eye (cataract)

•  Kidney problems

•  Increase in liver test results

•  Changes to a protein in the blood that can cause swelling of the arteries (vasculitis)

•  Increases in your blood sugar level (diabetes)

 

•  Decreases in your blood sugar

•  Headache

•  Dry skin

•  Stomach pain

•  Mood change, difficulty sleeping

•  Cough

•  A fall in blood pressure

•  Sore inflamed mouth, dry mouth

•  Dehydration

 

 

Common side effects (may affect up to 1 in 10 people):

•  Infection of the sinuses that surround the nose

•  Bleeding from the gums, stomach, or bowels

•  Increase in pain, tumour size, redness around the tumour

•  Increased blood pressure, slow, fast or irregular heart beat

•  Darkening of your skin

•  Skin eruptions, skin cracking, flaking or peeling skin

•  Hives, itching, increased sweating

•  Difficulty swallowing

•  Heartburn

•   Production of much more or much less urine than usual (which may be a symptom of kidney failure), passing blood in the urine

•  Shortness of breath especially when lying down (which may be a symptom of heart failure)

•  Difficulty getting an erection

•  Stroke, fainting, temporary loss of consciousness

•  Muscle weakness

•  Joint swelling

•  Changes to blood thyroid hormone, low levels of calcium, phosphate or magnesium in the blood

•  Depression

•  Deafness

 

•  Difficulty speaking

•  Abnormal liver test results, liver injury

•  Impaired balance, difficulty moving

•  Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)

•  Nerve pain, unpleasant abnormal sensation especially to touch

•  An excess of iron in the body

•  Thirst

•  Confusion

•  Toothache

•  Weight loss

 

 

Uncommon side effects (may affect up to 1 in 100 people):

•  Bleeding within the skull

•  Circulatory problems

•  Loss of vision

•  Loss of sex drive (libido)

•  Passing large amount of urine with bone pain and weakness, which may be symptoms of a kidney disorder (Fanconi syndrome)

•   Stomach pain, bloating, or diarrhoea, which may be symptoms of inflammation in the large intestine (called colitis or caecitis)

•  Passing much more or much less urine than usual, which may be a symptom of a type of kidney problem (called renal tubular necrosis)

•  Changes to the colour of your skin, sensitivity to sunlight

•  Certain types of skin tumour

•   Hives, rashes, swelling of eyes, mouth or face, difficulty breathing, or itching, which may be symptoms of an allergic reaction

•     Widespread rash, high body temperature, liver enzyme elevations, blood abnormalities (eosinophilia), enlarged lymph nodes and other body organs involvement (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms which is also known as DRESS or drug hypersensitivity

 

syndrome). Stop using lenalidomide if you develop these symptoms and contact your doctor or seek medical attention immediately. See also section 2.

 

Rare side effects (may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people):

•  Serious allergic reaction that may begin as a rash in one area but spread with extensive loss of skin over the whole body (Stevens-Johnson syndrome and/or toxic epidermal necrolysis).

 

•   Tumour lysis syndrome - metabolic complications that can occur during treatment of cancer and sometimes even without treatment. These complications are caused by the break-down products of dying cancer cells and may include the following: changes to blood chemistry - high potassium, phosphorus, uric acid, and low calcium consequently leading to changes in kidney function, heart beat, seizures, and sometimes death.

Not known side effects (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data):

•   Sudden, or mild but worsening pain in the upper stomach and/or back, which remains for a few days, possibly accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fever and a rapid pulse – these symptoms may be due to inflammation of the pancreas.

•  Wheezing, shortness of breath or a dry cough, which may be symptoms caused by inflammation of the tissue in the lungs.

•   Yellow pigmentation to the skin, mucus membrane or eyes (jaundice), pale coloured stools, dark coloured urine, skin itch, rash, pain or swelling of the stomach – these may be symptoms of injury to the liver (hepatic disorder).

•   Rare cases of muscle breakdown (muscle pain, weakness or swelling) which can lead to kidney problems (rhabdomyolysis) have been observed, some of them when Lenalidomide Capsules is administered with a statin (a type of cholesterol lowering medicines).

•  A condition affecting the skin caused by inflammation of small blood vessels, along with pain in the joints and fever (leukocytoclastic vasculitis).

•   Breakdown of the wall of the stomach or gut. This may lead to very serious infection. Tell your doctor if you have severe stomach pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, blood in your stool, or changes in bowel habits.

•   Viral infections, including herpes zoster (also known as ‘shingles’, a viral disease that causes a painful skin rash with blisters) and recurrence of hepatitis B infection (which can cause yellowing of

 

the skin and eyes, dark brown-colored urine, right-sided stomach pain, fever and feeling nauseous or being sick).

•  Rejection of solid organ transplant (such as kidney, heart).

 

Reporting of side effects

If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet.

 • Saudi Arabia:

 

The National Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety Centre (NPC)

o Fax: +966-11-205-7662

o Call NPC at +966-11-2038222, Exts: 2317-2356-2353-2354-2334-2340.

o Toll free phone: 8002490000

o E-mail: npc.drug@sfda.gov.sa

o Website: www.sfda.gov.sa/npc

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

o Other GCC States:

         Please contact the relevant competent authority.

 

 


keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children.

Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the blister and the carton after expiry. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month.

This product does not require any special storage conditions.

Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help to protect the environment.

 


What Lenalidomide Capsules contains Lenalidomide Capsules 5mg:

The active substance is Lenalidomide (Form-H1)

Each hard gelatine Capsule contains 5 mg of Lenalidomide.

 

The other ingredients are: Anhydrous Lactose (Supertab 21 AN), Microcrystalline Cellulose, (Avicel PH 112), Croscarmellose Sodium (Ac-di-sol), Magnesium stearate, Size ‘2’ empty hard gelatin capsules with opaque white cap and opaque white body, imprinted with ‘H’ on cap and ‘L2’  on body.

Lenalidomide Capsules 15mg:

The active substance is Lenalidomide (Form-H1)

Each hard gelatine Capsule contains 15 mg of Lenalidomide.

The other ingredients are: Anhydrous Lactose (Supertab 21 AN), Microcrystalline Cellulose, (Avicel PH 112), Croscarmellose Sodium (Ac-di-sol), Magnesium stearate, Size ‘0’ empty hard gelatin capsules with opaque red cap and opaque white body, imprinted with ‘H’ on cap and ‘L5’ on body.

Lenalidomide Capsules 25mg:

The active substance is Lenalidomide (Form-H1)

Each hard gelatine Capsule contains 25 mg of Lenalidomide.

The other ingredients are: Anhydrous Lactose (Supertab 21 AN), Microcrystalline Cellulose, (Avicel PH 112), Croscarmellose Sodium (Ac-di-sol), Magnesium stearate, Size ‘0’ empty hard gelatin capsules with opaque white cap and opaque white body, imprinted with ‘H’ on cap and ‘L7’  on body.

 

 


What Lenalidomide Capsules looks like? Lenalidomide Capsules 5mg White opaque cap and white opaque body, size ‘2’ hard gelatin capsules imprinted with ‘H’ on cap and ‘L2’on body, filled with off white to pale yellow color powder. Lenalidomide Capsules 10mg Orange opaque cap and white opaque body, size ‘0’ hard gelatin capsules imprinted with ‘H’ on cap and ‘L4’on body, filled with off white to pale yellow color powder. Lenalidomide Capsules 25mg White opaque cap and white opaque body, size ‘0’ hard gelatin capsules imprinted with ‘H’ on cap and ‘L7’on body, filled with off white to pale yellow color powder. How supplied: Lenalidomide Capsules are supplied in Blister pack.

Marketing Authorisation Holder and Manufacturer

Saudi Amarox Industrial Company

Aljameah Street, Malaz quarter, Riyadh 11441 Saudi Arabia

Tel: +966 11 477 221.

 


December, 2019
  نشرة الدواء تحت مراجعة الهيئة العامة للغذاء والدواء (اقرأ هذه النشرة بعناية قبل البدء في استخدام هذا المنتج لأنه يحتوي على معلومات مهمة لك)

ما هي ليناميد كبسول 

تحتوي ليناميد كبسول على المادة الفعالة " ليناليدوميد ". ينتمي هذا الدواء إلى مجموعة من الأدوية التي تؤثر على كيفية عمل الجهاز المناعي.

 فيما تستخدم ليناميد كبسول 

تستخدم ليناميد كبسول في البالغين من أجل:

1.      المايلوما المتعددة

2.      متلازمة خلل التنسج النخاعي

3.      سرطان الغدد الليمفاوية بالخلايا الوعائية

المايلوما المتعددة

المايلوما المتعددة هي نوع من السرطان يصيب نوعًا معينًا من خلايا الدم البيضاء، يُطلق عليه خلايا البلازما. تتجمع هذه الخلايا في نخاع العظم وتنقسم، وتصبح خارج نطاق السيطرة، ومن الممكن أن يتلف العظام والكلى.

المايلوما المتعددة عموما لا يمكن علاجها. ومع ذلك، يمكن تقليل الأعراض  إلى حد كبير أو إخفائها لفترة من الوقت. وهذا ما يسمى "استجابة".

المايلوما المتعددة التي تم تشخيصها حديثًا - في المرضى الذين خضعوا لعملية زرع نخاع العظم

تُستخدم ليناميد كبسول  تلقائيا كعلاج تثبيتي بعد تعافي المرضى بما يكفي بعد عملية زرع نخاع العظام.

 

المايلوما المتعددة التي تم تشخيصها حديثًا - في المرضى الذين لا يمكنهم إجراء عملية زرع نخاع العظم

يتم تناول ليناميد كبسول مع أدوية أخرى. قد تشمل هذه:

·   علاج كيميائي يسمى "بورتيزوميب"

·   دواء مضاد للالتهابات يسمى "ديكساميثازون"

·   علاج كيميائي يسمى "ملفالان"

·   دواء مثبط للمناعة يسمى "بريدنيزون".

 

سيتم استخدام هذه الأدوية الأخرى في بداية العلاج ثم تواصل تناول ليناميد كبسول بمفرده.

 

إذا كان عمرك 75 عامًا أو أكبر أو كنت تعاني من مشاكل في الكلى متوسطة إلى شديدة - فسوف يقوم طبيبك بفحصك بعناية قبل البدء في العلاج.

 

المايلوما المتعددة - في المرضى الذين تلقوا العلاج من قبل

يتم تناول ليناميد كبسول جنبا إلى جنب مع دواء مضاد للالتهابات يسمى "ديكساميثازون".

 

يمكن أن توقف ليناميد كبسول علامات وأعراض المايلوما المتعددة التي تزداد سوءا. كما ثبت أنها تعمل على تأخير عودة المايلوما المتعددة بعد العلاج.

 

متلازمة خلل التنسج النخاعي (MDS)

متلازمة خلل التنسج النخاعي هي مجموعة متعددة من أمراض الدم ونخاع العظام المختلفة. حيث تصبح خلايا الدم غير طبيعية ولا تعمل بشكل صحيح. يمكن أن يعاني المرضى من مجموعة متنوعة من الأعراض بما في ذلك انخفاض عدد خلايا الدم الحمراء (فقر الدم)، والحاجة إلى نقل الدم، وتكون عرضة لخطر العدوى.

 

تُستخدم ليناميد كبسول بمفردها لعلاج المرضى البالغين الذين تم تشخيصهم بمتلازمة خلل التنسج النخاعي، عندما ينطبق كل ما يلي:

·   تحتاج إلى عمليات نقل دم منتظمة لعلاج المستويات منخفضة من خلايا الدم الحمراء ("فقر الدم المعتمد على نقل الدم"(

·   لديك خلل في خلايا نخاع العظم يسمى شذوذ خلوي "" isolated deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality هذا يعني أن جسمك لا ينتج ما يكفي من خلايا الدم السليمة

·    العلاجات التي تم استخدامها من قبل، ليست مناسبة أو لا تعمل بشكل جيد كافي.

 

يمكن أن تزيد ليناميد كبسول عدد خلايا الدم الحمراء السليمة التي ينتجها الجسم عن طريق تقليل عدد الخلايا غير الطبيعية:

·   هذا يمكن أن يقلل من عدد عمليات نقل الدم اللازمة. ومن الممكن ألا تكون هناك حاجة لنقل الدم.

 

سرطان الغدد الليمفاوية بالخلايا الوعائية (MCL)

سرطان الغدد الليمفاوية بالخلايا الوعائية هو سرطان جزء من الجهاز المناعي (الأنسجة اللمفاوية). حيث يؤثر على نوع من خلايا الدم البيضاء يسمى "الخلايا الليمفية البائية" أو الخلايا البائية. سرطان الغدد الليمفاوية بالخلايا الوعائية هو مرض تنمو فيه الخلايا البائية بطريقة غير خاضعة للرقابة وتتراكم في الأنسجة الليمفاوية أو نخاع العظم أو الدم.

 

يستخدم ليناميد كبسول وحده لعلاج المرضى البالغين الذين سبق علاجهم بأدوية أخرى.

 

كيف يعمل ليناميد كبسول

يعمل ليناميد كبسول عن طريق التأثير على جهاز المناعة في الجسم ومهاجمة السرطان مباشرة. إنه يعمل بعدة طرق مختلفة:

·     عن طريق وقف الخلايا السرطانية النامية

·     عن طريق وقف الأوعية الدموية التي تنمو في السرطان

·     عن طريق تحفيز جزء من الجهاز المناعي لمهاجمة الخلايا السرطانية.

 

يجب عليك قراءة نشرة العبوة لجميع المنتجات الطبية التي يجب تناولها مع ليناميد كبسول قبل البدء في العلاج باستخدام ليناميد كبسول .

لا تأخذ ليناميد كبسول:

•          إذا كنت حاملا، تعتقدين أنك قد تكون حاملا أو تخططين لتصبحي حاملا، من المتوقع أن يكون ليناميد كبسول ضارا للجنين الذي لم يولد بعد (انظر القسم 2، "الحمل، الرضاعة الطبيعية والحمل - معلومات للنساء والرجال)

•          إذا كنت قادرة على الحمل، إلا إذا اتبعت جميع التدابير اللازمة لمنعك من الحمل (انظر القسم 2، "الحمل والرضاعة الطبيعية ووسائل منع الحمل - معلومات للنساء والرجال"). إذا  كنت قادرة على الحمل، فسوف يسجل طبيبك مع كل وصفة طبية التدابير اللازمة الت سوف تتخذ ويزودك بهذا التأكيد. 

•          إذا كنت تعاني من حساسية من ليناليدوميد أو أي من المكونات الأخرى لهذا الدواء المدرجة في القسم 6. إذا كنت تعتقد أنك قد تكون مصابًا بالحساسية، فاطلب استشارة طبيبك         

 

إذا كان أي من هذه الأمور تنطبق عليك، لا تتناول ليناميد كبسول . تحدث إلى طبيبك إذا كنت غير متأكد.

 

التحذيرات والاحتياطات

تحدث إلى طبيبك أو الصيدلي أو الممرضة قبل تناول ليناميد كبسول إذا:

•           كنت قد أصبت بجلطات دموية في الماضي - لديك خطر متزايد للإصابة بجلطات دموية في الأوردة والشرايين أثناء العلاج.

•           لديك أي علامات للعدوى، مثل السعال أو الحمى         

•          لديك أو سبق أن عانيت من عدوى فيروسية سابقة، خاصةً: عدوى التهاب الكبد  B، الحماق النطاقي، فيروس نقص المناعة البشري. إذا كنت في شك، تحدث إلى طبيبك. قد يؤدي العلاج باستخدام ليناميد كبسول إلى تنشيط الفيروس مرة أخرى في المرضى الذين يحملون الفيروس. وهذا يؤدي إلى تكرار الإصابة. يجب أن يتحقق طبيبك من الإصابة بالتهاب الكبد B

•          كان لديك مشاكل في الكلى - طبيبك قد يعدل جرعة ليناميد كبسول         

•          نوبة قلبية، أو أصبت بجلطة دموية، أو إذا كنت تدخن، أو تعاني من ارتفاع في ضغط الدم أو ارتفاع مستويات الكوليسترول في الدم.         

•           كان لديك رد فعل تحسسي أثناء تناول الثاليدومايد (دواء آخر يستخدم لعلاج المايلوما المتعددة) مثل الطفح الجلدي أو الحكة أو التورم أو الدوار أو صعوبة في التنفس         

•           واجهت في الماضي مجموعة من الأعراض التالية: طفح جلدي على نطاق واسع، جلد أحمر، ارتفاع في درجة حرارة الجسم، أعراض شبيهة بالإنفلونزا، ارتفاعات أنزيمات الكبد، تشوهات الدم (فرط الحمضيات)، الغدد الليمفاوية المتضخمة - هذه علامات على وجود رد فعل شديد على الجلد يسمى التفاعل الدوائي مع فرط الحمضيات والأعراض الجهازية والتي تعرف أيضًا باسم DRESS أو متلازمة فرط الحساسية الدوائية. (انظر أيضا القسم 4 "الآثار الجانبية المحتملة" 

 

إذا كان أي مما سبق ينطبق عليك، أخبر طبيبك أو الصيدلي أو الممرض قبل بدء العلاج.

في أي وقت أثناء أو بعد العلاج، أخبر طبيبك أو ممرضتك على الفور إذا كنت: تعاني من عدم وضوح الرؤية، أو فقدان الرؤية أو ضعف الرؤية، أو صعوبة التحدث، وضعف في الذراع أو الساق، أو تغيير في الطريقة التي تمشي بها أو مشاكل في الإتزان، تنميل مستمر، انخفاض الإحساس أو فقدان الإحساس، فقدان الذاكرة أو الارتباك. قد تكون هذه جميعًا من أعراض حالة الدماغ الخطيرة والمميتة المعروفة باسم اعتلال الدماغ التقدمي متعدد البؤر التقدمي (PML) . إذا كنت قد عانيت من هذه الأعراض قبل العلاج باستخدام ليناليدوميد، فأخبر طبيبك عن أي تغيير في هذه الأعراض.

الاختبارات والفحوصات

قبل وأثناء العلاج بتناول ليناميد كبسول، ستجري اختبارات دم منتظمة. وذلك لأن ليناميد كبسول قد تسبب انخفاضًا في خلايا الدم التي تساعد في مكافحة العدوى (خلايا الدم البيضاء) وتساعد الدم على التجلط (الصفائح الدموية)

سيطلب منك طبيبك إجراء فحص دم:

•        قبل العلاج         

•        كل أسبوع لأول 8 أسابيع من العلاج         

•        ثم كل شهر على الأقل بعد ذلك.

للمرضى الذين يعانون من متلازمة خلل التنسج النخاعي واللذين يتناولون ليناميد كبسول

إذا كان لديك متلازمة خلل التنسج النخاعي، فقد تكون أكثر عرضة للإصابة بحالة متقدمة تسمى سرطان الدم النخاعي الحاد (AML) بالإضافة إلى ذلك، ليس من المعروف كيف تؤثر ليناميد كبسول على فرص إصابتك بسرطان الدم النخاعي الحاد لذلك قد يقوم الطبيب بإجراء اختبارات للتحقق من وجود علامات قد تتنبأ بشكل أفضل باحتمال إصابتك بسرطان الدم النخاعي الحاد أثناء علاجك باستخدام ليناميد كبسول .

 

للمرضى الذين يعانون من سرطان الغدد الليمفاوية بالخلايا الوعائية واللذين يتناولون ليناميد كبسول

سيطلب منك طبيبك إجراء فحص دم:

·   قبل العلاج

·   كل أسبوع لمدة 8 أسابيع الأولى (دورتين) من العلاج

·   ثم كل أسبوعين في الدورتين 3 و4 (انظر القسم 3 "دورة العلاج" لمزيد من المعلومات)

·   بعد هذا سيحدث في بداية كل دورة

·   وعلى الأقل كل شهر.

 قد يقوم طبيبك بفحص ما إذا كان لديك كمية عالية من الورم في جميع أنحاء الجسم، بما في ذلك نخاع العظم. قد يؤدي ذلك إلى حالة تتحلل فيها الأورام وتسبب مستويات غير عادية من المواد الكيميائية في الدم والتي يمكن أن تؤدي إلى فشل كلوي (وتسمى هذه الحالة "متلازمة تحلل الورم(".

 

قد يقوم طبيبك بالتحقق من التغييرات التي تطرأ على جلدك مثل البقع الحمراء أو الطفح الجلدي.

 

قد يقوم طبيبك بضبط جرعة ليناميد كبسول أو توقف علاجك على أساس نتائج اختبارات الدم الخاصة بك وعلى حالتك العامة. إذا تم تشخيصك حديثًا، فقد يقوم طبيبك أيضًا بتقييم علاجك بناءً على عمرك والحالات الأخرى التي تعاني منها بالفعل.

 

التبرع بالدم

يجب عدم التبرع بالدم أثناء العلاج ولمدة 7 أيام على الأقل بعد انتهاء العلاج.

 

الأطفال والمراهقين

لا ينصح باستخدام ليناميد كبسول في الأطفال والمراهقين دون سن 18 عامًا.

كبار السن والأشخاص الذين يعانون من مشاكل في الكلى

إذا كان عمرك 75 عامًا أو أكبر أو كنت تعاني من مشاكل في الكلى متوسطة إلى شديدة - فسوف يقوم طبيبك بفحصك بعناية قبل البدء في العلاج.

تناول أدوية أخرى وليناميد كبسول

أخبر طبيبك أو ممرضك إذا كنت تتناول أو تناولت أي أدوية أخرى مؤخرًا. وذلك لأن ليناميد كبسول يمكن أن تؤثر على طريقة عمل بعض الأدوية الأخرى. أيضا، يمكن لبعض الأدوية الأخرى أن تؤثر على الطريقة التي تعمل بها ليناميد كبسول.

على وجه الخصوص، أخبر طبيبك أو ممرضك إذا كنت تتناول أيًا من الأدوية التالية:

·   بعض الأدوية المستخدمة لمنع الحمل مثل وسائل منع الحمل عن طريق الفم، لأنها قد تتوقف عن العمل

·   بعض الأدوية المستخدمة لمشاكل القلب - مثل الديجوكسين

·   بعض الأدوية المستخدمة لسيولة الدم - مثل الوارفارين.

 

الحمل والرضاعة الطبيعية ووسائل منع الحمل - معلومات للنساء والرجال

الحمل

بالنسبة للنساء اللائي يتناولن ليناميد كبسول

·   يجب عدم تناول ليناميد كبسول إذا كنت حاملاً، حيث من المتوقع أن تكون ضارة للطفل الذي لم يولد بعد.

·   يجب منع الحمل أثناء تناول ليناميد كبسول. لذلك يجب عليك استخدام وسائل فعالة لمنع الحمل إذا كنت امرأة محتملة الحمل (انظر "وسائل منع الحمل")

·   إذا أصبحت حاملاً أثناء علاجك باستخدام ليناميد كبسول، فيجب عليك إيقاف العلاج وإبلاغ طبيبك على الفور.

 

للرجال الذين يتناولون ليناميد كبسول

·   إذا أصبحت شريكة حياتك حاملاً أثناء تناولك ليناميد كبسول، يجب عليك إخبار طبيبك على الفور. يوصى بأن تطلب شريكتك المشورة الطبية.

·   يجب عليك أيضًا استخدام وسائل فعالة لمنع الحمل (انظر " منع الحمل").

 

الرضاعة الطبيعية

يجب عدم القيام بالرضاعة الطبيعية لطفلك عند تناول ليناميد كبسول، حيث إنه من غير المعروف ما إذا كانت ليناميد كبسول تنتقل إلى حليب الأم.

 منع الحمل

بالنسبة للنساء اللائي يتناولن ليناميد كبسول

قبل بدء العلاج، اسأل طبيبك إذا كنت قادرًا على الحمل، حتى لو كنت تعتقد أن هذا غير مرجح.

 

إذا كنت قادره على الحمل

·   ستخضعين لاختبارات الحمل تحت إشراف طبيبك (قبل كل علاج، على الأقل كل 4 أسابيع أثناء العلاج، وبعد 4 أسابيع على الأقل من انتهاء العلاج) باستثناء الحالات التي تم فيها تأكيد أن قنوات فالوب قد تم قطعها وختمها لمنع البويضات من الوصول إلى الرحم (التعقيم البوقي(

و

·   يجب عليك استخدام وسائل فعالة لمنع الحمل لمدة 4 أسابيع على الأقل قبل بدء العلاج وأثناء العلاج وحتى 4 أسابيع على الأقل بعد التوقف عن العلاج. سوف ينصحك طبيبك بشأن طرق منع الحمل المناسبة.

 

للرجال الذين يتناولون ليناميد كبسول

ليناميد كبسول تمر في السائل المنوي البشري. إذا كانت شريكة حياتك حاملًا أو قادرة على الحمل، ولا تستخدم وسائل فعالة لمنع الحمل، فيجب عليك استخدام الواقي الذكري أثناء العلاج ولمدة 7 أيام على الأقل بعد انتهاء العلاج، حتى لو كنت قد خضعت لقطع القناة الدافقة.

 

القيادة واستخدام الآلات

لا تقم بقيادة السيارة أو استخدام الآلات إذا شعرت بالدوار أو التعب أو النعاس أو عدم وضوح الرؤية بعد تناول ليناميد كبسول.

 

محتوى ليناميد كبسول من اللاكتوز

تحتوي ليناميد كبسول على اللاكتوز. إذا أخبر طبيبك بأنك لا تتحمل بعض السكريات، اتصل بطبيبك قبل تناول هذا الدواء.

 

https://localhost:44358/Dashboard

يجب إعطاء ليناميد كبسول لك من قبل متخصصي الرعاية الصحية ذوي الخبرة في علاج المايلوما المتعددة، أو متلازمة خلل التنسج النخاعي أو سرطان الغدد الليمفاوية بالخلايا الوعائية.

·   عند استخدام ليناميد كبسول لعلاج المايلوما المتعددة في المرضى الذين لا يستطيعون إجراء عملية زرع نخاع العظام أو لديهم علاجات أخرى من قبل، يتم تناولها مع أدوية أخرى (انظر القسم 1 " ما هي ليناميد كبسول وما هي دواعي استعماله").

·   عند استخدام ليناميد كبسول لعلاج المايلوما المتعددة في المرضى الذين خضعوا لعملية زرع نخاع العظام أو لعلاج المرضى الذين يعانون من متلازمة خلل التنسج النخاعي أو سرطان الغدد الليمفاوية بالخلايا الوعائية، يتم تناوله بمفرده.

 

دائما تناول ليناميد كبسول تماما كما أخبر طبيبك. استشر طبيبك أو الصيدلي إذا كنت غير متأكد.

إذا كنت تتناول ليناميد كبسول مع أدوية أخرى، فيجب عليك الرجوع إلى منشورات العبوة الخاصة بهذه الأدوية للحصول على مزيد من المعلومات حول استخدامها وتأثيراتها.

 دورة العلاج

تناول ليناميد كبسول في أيام معينة على مدى 3 أسابيع (21 يومًا (

·   كل 21 يومًا تسمى "دورة العلاج".

·   حسب يوم الدورة، ستأخذ واحدًا أو أكثر من الأدوية. ومع ذلك، في بعض الأيام لا تأخذ أي من الأدوية.

·   بعد الانتهاء من كل دورة مدتها 21 يومًا، يجب أن تبدأ "دورة" جديدة خلال الـ 21 يومًا التالية.

أو

تؤخذ ليناميد كبسول في أيام معينة على مدى 4 أسابيع (28 يومًا (.

·   كل 28 يومًا تسمى "دورة العلاج".

·   حسب يوم الدورة، ستأخذ واحدًا أو أكثر من الأدوية. ومع ذلك، في بعض الأيام لا تأخذ أي من الأدوية.

·   بعد الانتهاء من كل دورة مدتها 28 يومًا، يجب أن تبدأ "دورة" جديدة على مدار الـ 28 يومًا القادمة.

 

كم عدد ليناميد كبسول التي يجب أن تتناولها

قبل أن تبدأ العلاج، سيخبرك طبيبك:

·   كم عدد ليناميد كبسول التي يجب أن تتناولها

·   كم من الأدوية الأخرى التي يجب أن تتناولها مع ليناميد كبسول، إن وجدت

·   في أي يوم من دورة العلاج الخاصة بك تأخذ كل دواء.

 

كيف ومتى تتناول ليناميد كبسول

·   يجب ابتلاع الكبسولات كلها، ويفضل بالماء.

·   لا تكسر الكبسولات أو تفتحها أو تمضغها. إذا تلامس مسحوق من كبسولة ليناميد كبسول مع الجلد، اغسل الجلد على الفور وبشكل كامل بالماء والصابون.

·   يمكن أن تتناول الكبسولات مع أو بدون طعام.

·   يجب أن تتناول ليناميد كبسول في نفس الوقت تقريبًا في الأيام المحددة.

 

تناول هذا الدواء

لإزالة الكبسولة من الشريط:

·   اضغط على طرف واحد فقط من الكبسولة للخارج لدفعها خلال الرقائق

·   لا تضغط على مركز الكبسولة، لأن هذا قد يتسبب في كسرها.

 

مدة العلاج باستخدام ليناميد كبسول

يتم تناول ليناميد كبسول في دورات العلاج، كل دورة تدوم 21 أو 28 يومًا (انظر أعلاه "دورة العلاج"). يجب عليك مواصلة دورات العلاج حتى يخبرك طبيبك بالتوقف.

 

تناول جرعة زائدة من ليناميد كبسول

إذا تناولت ليناميد كبسول أكثر من الموصوف، أخبر طبيبك على الفور.

نسيان تناول ليناميد كبسول

إذا نسيت تناول ليناميد كبسول في الوقت المعتاد و:

·   مرت أقل من 12 ساعة - تناول الكبسولة على الفور.

·   مرت أكثر من 12 ساعة - لا تتناول الكبسولة الخاص بك. تناول الكبسولة التالية في الوقت المعتاد في اليوم التالي.

إذا كان لديك أي أسئلة أخرى حول استخدام هذا الدواء، اسأل طبيبك أو الصيدلي.

 

مثل جميع الأدوية، من الممكن أن تسبب ليناميد كبسول آثارًا جانبية، على الرغم من أن الجميع لا يصاب بها.

آثار جانبية خطيرة قد تؤثر على أكثر من شخص من كل 10 أشخاص (شائعة جدًا (

ليناميد كبسول قد تقلل من عدد خلايا الدم البيضاء التي تحارب العدوى وكذلك خلايا الدم التي تساعد على تجلط الدم (الصفائح الدموية) التي قد تؤدي إلى اضطرابات نزفية مثل نزيف الأنف والكدمات.

قد تسبب ليناميد كبسول جلطات دموية في الأوردة (تخثر (

لذلك يجب عليك إخبار طبيبك على الفور إذا كنت تواجه:

•      الحمى والقشعريرة والتهاب الحلق والسعال وقرحة الفم أو أي أعراض أخرى للعدوى، بما في ذلك داخل مجرى الدم (تعفن الدم (

•      نزيف أو كدمات في حالة عدم وجود إصابة

•      ألم في الصدر أو ألم في الساق

•      ضيق في التنفس

 

آثار جانبية أخرى

من المهم أن نلاحظ أن عددًا صغيرًا من المرضى قد يصابون بأنواع إضافية من السرطان، وأنه من الممكن أن يزداد هذا الخطر مع العلاج باستخدام ليناميد كبسول. لذلك يجب على طبيبك تقييم الفائدة والمخاطر بعناية عند وصفه ليناميد كبسول.

آثار جانبية شائعة جدًا  (قد تؤثر على أكثر من شخص من كل 10 أشخاص):

•      انخفاض عدد خلايا الدم الحمراء التي قد تسبب فقر الدم مما يؤدي إلى التعب والضعف

•      الإمساك، الإسهال، الغثيان، احمرار الجلد، الطفح الجلدي، القيء، تقلصات العضلات، الضعف العضلي، آلام العضلات، آلام المفاصل، آلام الظهر، ألم في الأطراف، التعب، تورم معمم بما في ذلك تورم ذراعيك والأرجل

•      أعراض الحمى والإنفلونزا، بما في ذلك الحمى وآلام العضلات والصداع وجع الأذن وقشعريرة

•      تنميل أو وخز أو إحساس بالحرقة على الجلد، آلام في اليدين أو القدمين، دوخة، رعاش، تغيرات في طريقة تذوق الأشياء

•      انتشار ألم في الصدر إلى الذراعين أو الرقبة أو الفك أو الظهر أو المعدة، والشعور بالعرق وضيق التنفس، والشعور بالغثيان أو القيء، وقد تكون هذه الأعراض نوبة قلبية (احتشاء عضلة القلب)

•      قلة الشهية

•      انخفاض مستويات البوتاسيوم و / أو الصوديوم في الدم

•      ألم في الساق (يمكن أن يكون أحد أعراض تجلط الدم) أو ألم في الصدر أو ضيق في التنفس (قد يكون أحد أعراض جلطات الدم في الرئتين، ويسمى الانسداد الرئوي)

•      الالتهابات بجميع أنواعها

•      إصابة الرئة والجهاز التنفسي العلوي، وضيق في التنفس

•      عدم وضوح الرؤية

•      إعتام عدسة العين

•      مشاكل في الكلى

•      زيادة في نتائج اختبار الكبد

•      تغير بروتين في الدم يمكن أن يسبب تورم الشرايين (التهاب الأوعية الدموية)

•      زيادة في مستوى السكر في الدم (مرض السكري)

•      انخفاض في نسبة السكر في الدم

•      صداع الراس

•      جاف الجلد

•      آلام في المعدة

•      تغيير المزاج، صعوبة في النوم

•      سعال

•      انخفاض في ضغط الدم

•      التهاب الفم ، جفاف الفم

•      جفاف

 

الآثار الجانبية الشائعة  (قد تؤثر على 1 من كل 10 أشخاص):

•      إصابة الجيوب الأنفية التي تحيط الأنف

•      نزيف من اللثة أو المعدة أو الأمعاء

•      زيادة في الألم، وفي حجم الورم، احمرار حول الورم

•      زيادة ضغط الدم، وبطء وسرعة أو عدم انتظام ضربات القلب

•      سواد بشرتك

•      تهيج بالجلد، تجعدات الجلد، تقشر الجلد

•      خلايا الشرى والحكة وزيادة التعرق

•      صعوبة البلع

•      حرقة من المعدة

•      إخراج البول أكثر أو أقل بكثير من المعتاد (والذي قد يكون من أعراض الفشل الكلوي)، وظهور الدم في البول

•      ضيق التنفس خاصة عند الاستلقاء (والذي قد يكون أحد أعراض قصور القلب)

•      صعوبة الحصول على الانتصاب

•      السكتة الدماغية والإغماء وفقدان الوعي المؤقت

•      ضعف العضلات

•      تورم المفاصل

•      تغير في هرمون الغدة الدرقية في الدم، ومستويات منخفضة من الكالسيوم أو الفوسفات أو المغنيسيوم في الدم

•      كآبة

•      الصمم

•      صعوبة في التحدث

•      نتائج اختبار الكبد غير طبيعية، وإصابة الكبد

•      ضعف التوازن، صعوبة في الحركة

•      طنين في الأذنين (طنين)

•      آلام الأعصاب، ضجة كبيرة غير طبيعية وخاصة للمس

•      وجود فائض من الحديد في الجسم

•      العطش

•      الارتباك

•      وجع الأسنان

•      فقدان الوزن

 

الآثار الجانبية غير المألوفة (قد تؤثر على 1 من كل 100 شخص):

•      نزيف داخل الجمجمة

•      مشاكل الدورة الدموية

•      فقدان البصر

•      فقدان الدافع الجنسي (الرغبة الجنسية)

•      إخراج كمية كبيرة من البول مع ألم العظام وضعفه، والتي قد تكون من أعراض اضطراب الكلى (متلازمة فانكوني)

•      آلام في المعدة، أو الانتفاخ، أو الإسهال، والتي قد تكون أعراض التهاب في الأمعاء الغليظة (وتسمى التهاب القولون أو ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻮﺭ )

•      التبول أكثر من المعتاد أو أقل بكثير من المعتاد، والذي قد يكون من أعراض نوع من مشكلة الكلى (وتسمى نخر كلوي أنبوبي)

•      تغير لون بشرتك، والحساسية لأشعة الشمس

•      أنواع معينة من ورم الجلد

•      قشعريرة أو الطفح الجلدي أو تورم العينين أو الفم أو الوجه، وصعوبة التنفس، أو الحكة، والتي قد تكون من أعراض الحساسية.

•      طفح على نطاق واسع، وارتفاع درجة حرارة الجسم، وارتفاع انزيمات الكبد، شذوذات الدم (الحمضات)، تضخم الغدد الليمفاوية وغيرها من تورط أعضاء الجسم (التفاعل الدوائي مع فرط الحمضيات والأعراض الجهازية والتي تعرف أيضًا باسم DRESS أو متلازمة فرط الحساسية الدوائية). توقف عن استخدام ليناليدوميد إذا ظهرت عليك هذه الأعراض واتصل بطبيبك أو اطلب العناية الطبية على الفور. انظر أيضا القسم 2.

 

الآثار الجانبية النادرة  (قد تؤثر على 1 من كل 1000 شخص):

•      رد فعل تحسسي خطير قد يبدأ كطفح جلدي في منطقة واحدة ولكنه ينتشر مع فقدان الجلد بشكل واسع على كامل الجسم (متلازمة ستيفنز جونسون و / أو تنخر البشرة السمي).

 

•      متلازمة تحلل الورم - المضاعفات الأيضية التي يمكن أن تحدث أثناء علاج السرطان وأحيانا حتى بدون علاج. هذه المضاعفات ناتجة عن المنتجات المتحللة للخلايا السرطانية المحتضرة وقد تشمل ما يلي: تغييرات في كيمياء الدم - البوتاسيوم العالي والفوسفور وحمض اليوريك والكالسيوم المنخفض مما يؤدي إلى حدوث تغييرات في وظائف الكلى ونبض القلب ونوبات الصرع والموت في بعض الأحيان.

آثار جانبية غير معروفة (لا يمكن تقدير معدلاتها من البيانات المتاحة):

•      ألم مفاجئ، أو معتدل ولكنه يزداد سوءًا في المعدة و / أو الظهر العليا، والذي يبقى لبضعة أيام، وربما يصاحبه غثيان وقيء وحمى ونبض سريع - قد تكون هذه الأعراض ناتجة عن التهاب البنكرياس.

•      الصفير، وضيق التنفس أو السعال الجاف، والذي قد يكون من الأعراض الناجمة عن التهاب الأنسجة في الرئتين.

•      تصبغ أصفر على الجلد أو الغشاء المخاطي أو العينين (اليرقان) أو براز بلون شاحب أو بول بلون داكن أو حكة في الجلد أو طفح جلدي أو ألم أو تورم في المعدة - قد تكون هذه الأعراض من إصابة الكبد (اضطراب كبدي).

•      لوحظت حالات نادرة من انهيار العضلات (ألم عضلي أو ضعف أو تورم) يمكن أن تؤدي إلى مشاكل في الكلى (انحلال الروماتيزم)، بعضها عند إعطاء ليناميد كبسول مع الستاتين (نوع من أدوية خفض الكوليسترول)

•      حالة تؤثر على الجلد بسبب التهاب الأوعية الدموية الصغيرة، إلى جانب ألم في المفاصل والحمى (التهاب الأوعية الدموية الكريات البيض).

•      انهيار جدار المعدة أو الأمعاء. هذا قد يؤدي إلى عدوى خطيرة للغاية. أخبر طبيبك إذا كنت تعاني من ألم شديد في المعدة أو حمى أو غثيان أو قيء أو دم في البراز أو تغيرات في عادات الأمعاء.

•      الالتهابات الفيروسية، بما في ذلك الهربس النطاقي (المعروف أيضًا باسم "القوباء المنطقية"، وهو مرض فيروسي يسبب طفحًا جلديًا مؤلمًا مع ظهور بثور) وتكرار الإصابة بالتهاب الكبد (ب) الذي يمكن أن يسبب اصفرار الجلد والعينين والبول الداكن اللون البني، ألم في المعدة الأيمن، والحمى والشعور بالغثيان أو المرض).

•      رفض زراعة الأعضاء الصلبة (مثل الكلى والقلب).

 الإبلاغ عن الآثار الجانبية:

إذا زادت حدة أي من هذه الأعراض الجانبية، أو لاحظت ظهور أعراض جانبية غير ما تم ذكره في هذه النشرة، يرجى إبلاغ الطبيب المعالج أو الصيدلي. وهذا يشمل أي آثار جانبية محتملة غير مدرجة في هذه النشرة. يمكنك أيضا الإبلاغ عن الآثار الجانبية مباشرة (انظر التفاصيل أدناه). بالإبلاغ عن الآثار الجانبية يمكنك المساعدة في توفير مزيد من المعلومات حول أمان هذا الدواء.

للإبلاغ عن الأعراض الجانبية

-        المركز الوطني للتيقظ والسلامة الدوائية

o     فاكس 7662-205-1-966+

o     الاتصال على المركز الوطني للتيقظ والسلامة الدوائية +966-11-2038222 ، تحويلة: 2317-2356-2353-2354-2334-2340

o     الهاتف المجاني: 8002490000

o     البريد الإلكتروني : npc .drug@sfda .gov .sa

o     الموقع الإلكتروني: www .sfda .gov .sa/npc

 

دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي الأخرى:

   يرجى الاتصال بالسلطة الصحية المختصة .

·       يحفظ بعيدا عن متناول أيدي الأطفال أو على مرأى منهم.

·       لا تستخدم بيتالول أقراص بعد انتهاء تاريخ الصلاحية المذكور على العبوة الخارجية. يشير تاريخ انتهاء الصلاحية إلى آخر يوم في الشهر.

·       هذا المنتج لا يتطلب أي شروط تخزين خاصة.

·       لا ينبغي أن يتم التخلص من الأدوية في مياه الصرف الصحي أو عن طريق النفايات المنزلية. اسأل الصيدلي عن كيفية التخلص من الأدوية التي لم تعد مطلوبة. هذه التدابير تساعد في الحفاظ على البيئة.

ماذا تحوي عليه ليناميد كبسول

ليناميد كبسول 5 ملغم:

المادة الفعالة هي ليناليدوميد (Form-H1)

تحتوي كل كبسولة جيلاتينية صلبة تحتوي على 5 ملغم من ليناليدوميد.

المكونات الأخرى هياللاكتوز اللا مائي (Supertab 21 AN)، السليلوز دقيق التبلور، أفيسيل ( PH 112) ، كروس كارميلوز الصوديوم  (Ac-di-sol)، ستيرات الماغنسيوم، كبسولات جيلاتينية صلبة فارغة (مقاس 2) مع غطاء أبيض غامق وجسم أبيض غامق، مطبوع عليها حرف "H" على الغطاء و "L2" على الجسم.

ليناميد كبسول 15 ملغم:

المادة الفعالة هي ليناليدوميد (Form-H1)

كل كبسولة جيلاتينية صلبة تحتوي على 15 ملغم من ليناليدوميد.

المكونات الأخرى هياللاكتوز اللا مائي (Supertab 21 AN)، السليلوز دقيق التبلور، أفيسيل ( PH 112) ، كروس كارميلوز الصوديوم  (Ac-di-sol)، ستيرات الماغنسيوم، كبسولات جيلاتينية صلبة فارغة (مقاس صفر) مع غطاء أحمر غامق وجسم أبيض غامق، مطبوع عليها حرف "H" على الغطاء و "L5" على الجسم.

ليناميد كبسول 25 ملغم :

المادة الفعالة هي ليناليدوميد (Form-H1)

كل كبسولة جيلاتينية صلبة تحتوي على 25 ملغم من ليناليدوميد.

المكونات الأخرى هياللاكتوز اللا مائي (Supertab 21 AN)، السليلوز دقيق التبلور، أفيسيل ( PH 112) ، كروس كارميلوز الصوديوم  (Ac-di-sol)، ستيرات الماغنسيوم، كبسولات جيلاتينية صلبة فارغة (مقاس صفر) مع غطاء أبيض غامق وجسم أبيض غامق، مطبوع عليها حرف "H" على الغطاء و "L7" على الجسم.

 

ما هو شكل ليناميد كبسول ومحتويات العلبة؟

ليناميد كبسول 5 ملغم

 كبسولات جيلاتينية صلبة بمقاس '2'  ذات غطاء أبيض قاتم وجسم أبيض قاتم اللون مطبوع عليها حرف 'H' على الغطاء وعلى الجسم جسم L2، مملوءه بمسحوق لونه الأبيض الباهت إلى الأصفر الفاتح.

ليناميد كبسول 10 ملغم

كبسولات جيلاتينية صلبة بمقاس "صفر"  ذات غطاء برتقالي غامق وجسم معتدل باهت، مطبوع عليها حرف "H" على الغطاء و "L4'على الجسم، مملوء بمسحوق لونه الأبيض الباهت إلى الأصفر الفاتح.

ليناميد كبسول 25 ملغ

كبسولات جيلاتينية صلبة بمقاس "صفر"  ذات غطاء أبيض غامق وجسم معتدل أبيض، مطبوع عليها حرف "H" على الغطاء و 'L7على الجسم، مملوء بمسحوق لونه الأبيض الباهت إلى الأصفر الفاتح.

 

 توافر ليناميد كبسول   :

تتوفر ليناميد كبسول في عبوة بها شريط.

 صاحب حق التسويق:

شركة أماروكس السعودية للصناعة

شارع الجامعة – الملز – الرياض 11441

المملكة العربية السعودية.

تليفون: + 966 114772215

 

 

 ديسمبر 2019
 Read this leaflet carefully before you start using this product as it contains important information for you

Lenalidomide Capsules 25mg

Lenalidomide Capsules 25mg Each hard gelatin Capsule contains 25 mg of Lenalidomide.. For Full list see Excipient Section 6.1

Lenalidomide Capsules 25mg White opaque cap and white opaque body, size ‘0’ hard gelatin capsules imprinted with ‘H’ on cap and ‘L7’on body, filled with off white to pale yellow color powder.

Multiple myeloma

Lenalidomide Capsules as monotherapy is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who have undergone autologous stem cell transplantation.

Lenalidomide Capsules as combination therapy with dexamethasone, or Bortezomib and dexamethasone, or melphalan and prednisone (see section 4.2) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma who are not eligible for transplant.

Lenalidomide Capsules in combination with dexamethasone is indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma in adult patients who have received at least one prior therapy.

Myelodysplastic syndromes

Lenalidomide Capsules as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes associated with an isolated deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality when other therapeutic options are insufficient or inadequate.

Mantle cell lymphoma 

Lenalidomide Capsules as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).


Lenalidomide Capsules treatment should be supervised by a physician experienced in the use of anti-cancer therapies.

For all indications described below:

•  Dose is modified based upon clinical and laboratory findings (see section 4.4).

•  Dose adjustments, during treatment and restart of treatment, are recommended to manage grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, or other grade 3 or 4 toxicity judged to be related to lenalidomide.

•  In case of neutropenia, the use of growth factors in patient management should be considered.

•  If less than 12 hours has elapsed since missing a dose, the patient can take the dose. If more than 12 hours has elapsed since missing a dose at the normal time, the patient should not take the dose, but take the next dose at the normal time on the following day. 

Posology 

Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM)  

• Lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone until disease progression in patients who are not eligible for transplant

Lenalidomide treatment must not be started if the ANC is < 1.0 x 109/L, and/or platelet counts are < 50 x 109/L.

Recommended dose 

The recommended starting dose of lenalidomide is 25 mg orally once daily on days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycles.

The recommended dose of dexamethasone is 40 mg orally once daily on days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of repeated 28-day cycles. Patients may continue lenalidomide and dexamethasone therapy until disease progression or intolerance. 

•  Dose reduction steps

 

Lenalidomidea

Dexamethasonea

Starting dose

25 mg

40 mg

Dose level -1

20 mg

20 mg

Dose level -2

15 mg

12 mg

Dose level -3

10 mg

8 mg

Dose level- 4

5 mg

4 mg

Dose level -5

2.5 mg

Not applicable

ª Dose reduction for both products can be managed independently

•  Thrombocytopenia

When platelets

Recommended course

Fall to < 25 x 109/L

Stop lenalidomide dosing for remainder of cycleª

Return to ≥ 50 x 109/L

Decrease by one dose level when dosing resumed at next cycle

ª If Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) occurs on > day15 of a cycle, lenalidomide dosing will be interrupted for at least the remainder of the current 28-day cycle.

•  Neutropenia

When neutrophils

Recommended course

First fall to < 0.5 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 1 x 109/L when neutropenia is the only observed toxicity

Resume lenalidomide at starting dose once daily

Return to ≥ 0.5 x 109/L when dose-dependent haematological toxicities other than neutropenia are observed

Resume lenalidomide at dose level -1 once daily

For each subsequent drop below < 0.5 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 0.5 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at next lower dose level once daily. 

a At the physician's discretion, if neutropenia is the only toxicity at any dose level, add granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and maintain the dose level of lenalidomide.

For hematologic toxicity the dose of lenalidomide may be re-introduced to the next higher dose level (up to the starting dose) upon improvement in bone marrow function (no hematologic toxicity for at least 2 consecutive cycles: ANC ≥1,5 x 109/L with a platelet count ≥ 100 x 109/L at the beginning of a new cycle).

• Lenalidomide in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone followed by lenalidomide and dexamethasone until disease progression in patients who are not eligible for transplant

Initial treatment: Lenalidomide in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone 

Lenalidomide in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone must not be started if the ANC is < 1.0 x 109/L, and/or platelet counts are < 50 x 109/L. 

The recommended starting dose is lenalidomide 25 mg orally once daily days 1-14 of each 21day cycle in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone. Bortezomib should be administered via subcutaneous injection (1.3 mg/m2 body surface area) twice weekly on days 1, 4, 8 and 11 of each 21-day. For additional information on the dose, schedule and dose adjustments of medicinal products administered with lenalidomide, see Section 5.1 and the corresponding Summary of Product Characteristics. 

Up to eight 21-day treatment cycles (24 weeks of initial treatment) are recommended. 

Continued treatment: Lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone until progression 

Continue lenalidomide 25 mg orally once daily on days 1-21 of repeated 28-day cycles in combination with dexamethasone. Treatment should be continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.  • Dose reduction steps

 

Lenalidomidea

Starting dose

25 mg

Dose level -1

20 mg

Dose level -2

15 mg

Dose level -3

10 mg

Dose level- 4

5 mg

Dose level -5

2.5 mg

ª Dose reduction for all products can be managed independently

•  Thrombocytopenia

When platelets

Recommended course

Fall to < 30 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 50 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at dose level -1 once daily

For each subsequent drop below 30 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 50 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at next lower dose level once daily

•  Neutropenia

When neutrophils

Recommended coursea

First fall to < 0.5 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 1 x 109/L when neutropenia is the only observed toxicity

Resume lenalidomide at starting dose once daily

Return to ≥ 0.5 x 109/L when dose-dependent haematological toxicities other than neutropenia are observed

Resume lenalidomide at dose level -1 once daily

For each subsequent drop below < 0.5 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 0.5 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at next lower dose level once daily. 

a At the physician's discretion, if neutropenia is the only toxicity at any dose level, add granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and maintain the dose level of lenalidomide.

• Lenalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone followed by lenalidomide maintenance in patients who are not eligible for transplant

Lenalidomide treatment must not be started if the ANC is < 1.5 x 109/L, and/or platelet counts are < 75 x 109/L.

Recommended dose 

The recommended starting dose is lenalidomide 10 mg orally once daily on days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycles for up to 9 cycles, melphalan 0.18 mg/kg orally on days 1 to 4 of repeated 28-day cycles, prednisone 2 mg/kg orally on days 1 to 4 of repeated 28-day cycles. Patients who complete 9 cycles or who are unable to complete the combination therapy due to intolerance are treated with lenalidomide monotherapy as follows: 10 mg orally once daily on days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycles given until disease progression. 

•  Dose reduction steps

 

Lenalidomide

Melphalan

Prednisone

Starting dose

10 mgª

0.18 mg/kg

2 mg/kg

Dose level -1

7.5 mg

0.14 mg/kg

1 mg/kg

Dose level -2

5 mg

0.10 mg/kg

0.5 mg/kg

Dose level -3

2.5 mg

Not applicable

0.25 mg/kg

ª If neutropenia is the only toxicity at any dose level, add granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and maintain the dose level of lenalidomide

•  Thrombocytopenia

When platelets

Recommended course

First fall to < 25 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 25 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide and melphalan at dose level

-1 

For each subsequent drop below 30 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 30 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at next lower dose level (dose level -2 or -3) once daily. 

•  Neutropenia

When neutrophils

Recommended course

First fall to < 0.5 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 0.5 x 109/L when neutropenia is the only observed toxicity

Resume lenalidomide at starting dose once daily

Return to ≥ 0.5 x 109/L when dose-dependent haematological toxicities other than neutropenia are observed

Resume lenalidomide at dose level -1 once daily

For each subsequent drop below < 0.5 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 0.5 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at next lower dose level once daily. 

a At the physician's discretion, if neutropenia is the only toxicity at any dose level, add granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and maintain the dose level of lenalidomide.

• Lenalidomide maintenance in patients who have undergone autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT)

Lenalidomide maintenance should be initiated after adequate haematologic recovery following ASCT in patients without evidence of progression. Lenalidomide must not be started if the Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) is < 1.0 x 109/L, and/or platelet counts are < 75 x 109/L.

Recommended dose 

The recommended starting dose is lenalidomide 10 mg orally once daily continuously (on days 1 to 28 of repeated 28-day cycles) given until disease progression or intolerance. After 3 cycles of lenalidomide maintenance, the dose can be increased to 15 mg orally once daily if tolerated.  • Dose reduction steps

 

Starting dose (10 mg)

If dose increased (15 mg)a

Dose level -1

5 mg

10 mg

Dose level -2

5 mg (days 1-21 every 28 days)

5 mg

Dose level -3

Not applicable

5 mg (days 1-21 every 28 days)

 

Do not dose below 5 mg (days 1-21 every 28 days)

a After 3 cycles of lenalidomide maintenance, the dose can be increased to 15 mg orally once daily if tolerated.

•  Thrombocytopenia

When platelets

Recommended course

Fall to < 30 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 30 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at dose level -1 once daily

For each subsequent drop below 30 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 30 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at next lower dose level once daily

•  Neutropenia

When neutrophils

Recommended coursea

Fall to < 0.5 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment 

Return to ≥ 0.5 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at dose level -1 once daily

For each subsequent drop below < 0.5 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 0.5 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at next lower dose level once daily

a At the physician's discretion, if neutropenia is the only toxicity at any dose level, add granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and maintain the dose level of lenalidomide.

Multiple myeloma with at least one prior therapy  

Lenalidomide treatment must not be started if the ANC < 1.0 x 109/L, and/or platelet counts < 75 x 109/L or, dependent on bone marrow infiltration by plasma cells, platelet counts < 30 x 109/L.

Recommended dose 

The recommended starting dose of lenalidomide is 25 mg orally once daily on days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycles. The recommended dose of dexamethasone is 40 mg orally once daily on days 1 to 4, 9 to 12, and 17 to 20 of each 28-day cycle for the first 4 cycles of therapy and then 40 mg once daily on days 1 to 4 every 28 days.

Prescribing physicians should carefully evaluate which dose of dexamethasone to use, taking into account the condition and disease status of the patient.

•  Dose reduction steps

Starting dose

25 mg

Dose level -1

15 mg

Dose level -2

10 mg

Dose level -3

5 mg

•  Thrombocytopenia

When platelets

Recommended course

First fall to < 30 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 30 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at dose level -1 

For each subsequent drop below 30 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 30 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at next lower dose level (dose level -2 or -3) once daily. Do not dose below 5 mg once daily.

•  Neutropenia

When neutrophils

Recommended course

First fall to < 0.5 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 0.5 x 109/L when neutropenia is the only observed toxicity

Resume lenalidomide at starting dose once daily

Return to ≥ 0.5 x 109/L when dose-dependent haematological toxicities other than neutropenia are observed

Resume lenalidomide at dose level -1 once daily

For each subsequent drop below < 0.5 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 0.5 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at next lower dose level

 

(dose level -1, -2 or -3) once daily. Do not dose below 5 mg once daily.

a At the physician's discretion, if neutropenia is the only toxicity at any dose level, add granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and maintain the dose level of lenalidomide.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)  

Lenalidomide treatment must not be started if the ANC < 0.5 x 109/L and/or platelet counts < 25 x 109/L.

Recommended dose 

The recommended starting dose of lenalidomide is 10 mg orally once daily on days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycles. 

•  Dose reduction steps

Starting dose

10 mg once daily on days 1 to 21 every 28 days

Dose level -1

5 mg once daily on days 1 to 28 every 28 days

Dose level -2

2.5 mg once daily on days 1 to 28 every 28 days

Dose level -3

2.5 mg every other day 1 to 28 every 28 days

•  Thrombocytopenia

When platelets

Recommended course

Fall to < 25 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 25 x 109/L - < 50 x 109/L on at least 2 occasions for ≥ 7 days or when the platelet count recovers to ≥ 50 x 109/L at any time

Resume lenalidomide at next lower dose level

(dose level -1, -2 or -3)

•  Neutropenia

When neutrophils

Recommended course

Fall to < 0.5 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Return to ≥ 0.5 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at next lower dose level

 

(dose level -1, -2 or -3)

Discontinuation of lenalidomide 

Patients without at least a minor erythroid response within 4 months of therapy initiation, demonstrated by at least a 50% reduction in transfusion requirements or, if not transfused, a 1g/dl rise in haemoglobin, should discontinue lenalidomide treatment.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)  

Recommended dose 

The recommended starting dose of lenalidomide is 25 mg orally once daily on days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycles. 

•  Dose reduction steps

Starting dose

25 mg once daily on days 1 to 21, every 28 days

Dose Level -1

20 mg once daily on days 1 to 21, every 28 days

Dose Level -2

15 mg once daily on days 1 to 21, every 28 days

Dose Level -3

10 mg once daily on days 1 to 21, every 28 days

Dose Level -4

5 mg once daily on days 1 to 21, every 28 days

Dose Level -5

2.5 mg once daily on days 1 to 21, every 28 days[1]

5 mg every other day on days 1 to 21, every 28 days

When platelets

Recommended Course

Fall to < 50 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment and conduct Complete Blood Count (CBC) at least every 7 days

Return to ≥ 60 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at next lower level (dose level -1)

For each subsequent drop below 50 x 109/L

Return to ≥60 x 109/L

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment and conduct the CBC at least every 7 days

Resume lenalidomide at next lower level (dose level -2, -3, -4 or -5). Do not dose below dose level -5 

   

•  Neutropenia

When neutrophils

Recommended Course

Fall to < 1 x 109/L for at least 7 days or 

Falls to < 1 x 109/L with associated fever (body temperature ≥ 38.5°C) or 

Falls to < 0.5 x 109/L 

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment and conduct the

CBC at least every 7 days

Return to ≥ 1 x 109/L

Resume lenalidomide at next lower dose level

(dose level -1)

For each subsequent drop below 1 x 109/L for at least 7 days or drop to < 1 x 109/L with associated fever (body temperature ≥ 38.5°C) or drop to < 0.5 x 109/L 

Interrupt lenalidomide treatment

Returns to ≥1 x 109/L

Resume Lenalidomide at next lower dose level (dose level -2, -3, -4, -5). Do not dose below dose level -5

Tumour flare reaction 

Lenalidomide may be continued in patients with Grade 1 or 2 tumour flare reaction (TFR) without interruption or modification, at the physician's discretion. In patients with Grade 3 or 4 TFR, withhold treatment with lenalidomide until TFR resolves to ≤ Grade 1 and patients may be treated for management of symptoms per the guidance for treatment of Grade 1 and 2 TFR (see section 4.4). 

All indications  

For other grade 3 or 4 toxicities judged to be related to lenalidomide, treatment should be stopped and only restarted at next lower dose level when toxicity has resolved to ≤ grade 2 depending on the physician's discretion.

Lenalidomide interruption or discontinuation should be considered for grade 2 or 3 skin rash. Lenalidomide must be discontinued for angioedema, grade 4 rash, exfoliative or bullous rash, or if Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) or Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is suspected, and should not be resumed following discontinuation from these reactions.

Special populations  

• Paediatric population

Lenalidomide Capsules should not be used in children and adolescents from birth to less than 18 years because of safety concerns (see section 5.1). 

• Elderly

Currently available pharmacokinetic data are described in section 5.2. Lenalidomide has been used in clinical trials in multiple myeloma patients up to 91 years of age, in myelodysplastic syndromes patients up to 95 years of age and in mantle cell lymphoma patients up to 88 years of age (see section 5.1). 

Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection and it would be prudent to monitor renal function.

Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: patients who are not eligible for transplant 

Patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma aged 75 years and older should be carefully assessed before treatment is considered (see section 4.4).

For patients older than 75 years of age treated with lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone, the starting dose of dexamethasone is 20 mg once daily on days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of each 28-day treatment cycle.

No dose adjustment is proposed for patients older than 75 years who are treated with lenalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone.

In patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma aged 75 years and older who received lenalidomide, there was a higher incidence of serious adverse reactions and adverse reactions that led to treatment discontinuation.

Lenalidomide combined therapy was less tolerated in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients older than 75 years of age compared to the younger population. These patients discontinued at a higher rate due to intolerance (Grade 3 or 4 adverse events and serious adverse events), when compared to patients < 75 years.

Multiple myeloma: patients with at least one prior therapy  

The percentage of multiple myeloma patients aged 65 or over was not significantly different between the lenalidomide/dexamethasone and placebo/dexamethasone groups. No overall difference in safety or efficacy was observed between these patients and younger patients, but greater pre-disposition of older individuals cannot be ruled out. 

Myelodysplastic syndromes 

For myelodysplastic syndromes patients treated with lenalidomide, no overall difference in safety and efficacy was observed between patients aged over 65 and younger patients.

Mantle cell lymphoma 

For mantle cell lymphoma patients treated with lenalidomide, no overall difference in safety and efficacy was observed between patients aged 65 years or over compared with patients aged under 65 years of age. 

• Patients with renal impairment

Lenalidomide is primarily excreted by the kidney; patients with greater degrees of renal impairment can have impaired treatment tolerance (see section 4.4). Care should be taken in dose selection and monitoring of renal function is advised.

No dose adjustments are required for patients with mild renal impairment and multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes or mantle cell lymphoma.

The following dose adjustments are recommended at the start of therapy and throughout treatment for patients with moderate or severe impaired renal function or end stage renal disease.

There are no phase 3 trial experiences with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) (CLcr < 30 mL/min, requiring dialysis).

Multiple myeloma 

Renal function (CLcr) 

Dose adjustment 

Moderate renal impairment

(30 ≤ CLcr < 50 mL/min)

10 mg once daily1

Severe renal impairment

(CLcr < 30 mL/min, not requiring dialysis)

7.5 mg once daily2

15 mg every other day

End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

(CLcr < 30 mL/min, requiring dialysis)

5 mg once daily. On dialysis days, the dose should be administered following dialysis. 

1   The dose may be escalated to 15 mg once daily after 2 cycles if patient is not responding to treatment and is tolerating the treatment.

2   In countries where the 7.5 mg capsule is available.

Myelodysplastic syndromes 

Renal function (CLcr) 

Dose adjustment 

Moderate renal impairment

(30 ≤ CLcr < 50 mL/min)

Starting dose

5 mg once daily

(days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycles)

Dose level -1*

2.5 mg once daily

(days 1 to 28 of repeated 28-day cycles)

Dose level -2*

2.5 mg once every other day

(days 1 to 28 of repeated 28-day cycles)

Severe renal impairment

(CLcr < 30 mL/min, not requiring dialysis)

 

Starting dose

2.5 mg once daily

(days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycles)

Dose level -1*

2.5 mg every other day

(days 1 to 28 of repeated 28-day cycles)

Dose level -2*

2.5 mg twice a week

(days 1 to 28 of repeated 28-day cycles)

End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

(CLcr < 30 mL/min, requiring dialysis)

On       dialysis            days,    the       dose             should administered following dialysis.

be

Starting dose

2.5 mg once daily

(days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycles)

 Dose level -1*

2.5 mg every other day

(days 1 to 28 of repeated 28-day cycles)

Dose level -2*

2.5 mg twice a week

(days 1 to 28 of repeated 28-day cycles)

* Recommended dose reduction steps during treatment and restart of treatment to manage grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, or other grade 3 or 4 toxicity judged to be related to lenalidomide, as described above.

Mantle cell lymphoma 

Renal function (CLcr) 

Dose adjustment 

(days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycles)

Moderate renal impairment

(30 ≤ CLcr < 50 mL/min)

10 mg once daily1

Severe renal impairment

(CLcr < 30 mL/min, not requiring dialysis)

7.5 mg once daily2

15 mg every other day

End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

(CLcr < 30 mL/min, requiring dialysis)

5 mg once daily. On dialysis days, the dose should be administered following dialysis. 

1   The dose may be escalated to 15 mg once daily after 2 cycles if patient is not responding to treatment and is tolerating the treatment.

2   In countries where the 7.5 mg capsule is available.

After initiation of lenalidomide therapy, subsequent lenalidomide dose modification in renally impaired patients should be based on individual patient treatment tolerance, as described above.

• Patients with hepatic impairment

Lenalidomide has not formally been studied in patients with impaired hepatic function and there are no specific dose recommendations.

Method of administration 

Oral use. 

Lenalidomide Capsules should be taken orally at about the same time on the scheduled days. The capsules should not be opened, broken or chewed. The capsules should be swallowed whole, preferably with water, either with or without food.

It is recommended to press only on one end of the capsule to remove it from the blister thereby reducing the risk of capsule deformation or breakage.

[1] - In countries where the 2.5 mg capsule is available.

Thrombocytopenia


• Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1. • Women who are pregnant. • Women of childbearing potential unless all of the conditions of the Pregnancy Prevention Programme are met (see sections 4.4 and 4.6).

When lenalidomide is given in combination with other medicinal products, the corresponding Summary of Product Characteristics must be consulted prior to initiation of treatment.  

Pregnancy warning 

Lenalidomide is structurally related to thalidomide. Thalidomide is a known human teratogenic active substance that causes severe life-threatening birth defects. Lenalidomide induced in monkeys malformations similar to those described with thalidomide (see sections 4.6 and 5.3). If lenalidomide is taken during pregnancy, a teratogenic effect of lenalidomide in humans is expected.

The conditions of the Pregnancy Prevention Programme must be fulfilled for all patients unless there is reliable evidence that the patient does not have childbearing potential.

Criteria for women of non-childbearing potential 

A female patient or a female partner of a male patient is considered to have childbearing potential unless she meets at least one of the following criteria:

•  Age ≥ 50 years and naturally amenorrhoeic for ≥ 1 year (Amenorrhoea following cancer therapy or during breast-feeding does not rule out childbearing potential).

•  Premature ovarian failure confirmed by a specialist gynaecologist

•  Previous bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, or hysterectomy

•  XY genotype, Turner syndrome, uterine agenesis.

Counselling 

For women of childbearing potential, lenalidomide is contraindicated unless all of the following are met:

•  She understands the expected teratogenic risk to the unborn child

•  She understands the need for effective contraception, without interruption, at least 4 weeks before starting treatment, throughout the entire duration of treatment, and at least 4 weeks after the end of treatment

•  Even if a woman of childbearing potential has amenorrhea she must follow all the advice on effective contraception

•  She should be capable of complying with effective contraceptive measures

•  She is informed and understands the potential consequences of pregnancy and the need to rapidly consult if there is a risk of pregnancy

•  She understands the need to commence the treatment as soon as lenalidomide is dispensed following a negative pregnancy test

•  She understands the need and accepts to undergo pregnancy testing at least every 4 weeks except in case of confirmed tubal sterilisation

•  She acknowledges that she understands the hazards and necessary precautions associated with the use of lenalidomide.

For male patients taking lenalidomide, pharmacokinetic data has demonstrated that lenalidomide is present in human semen at extremely low levels during treatment and is undetectable in human semen 3 days after stopping the substance in the healthy subject (see section 5.2). As a precaution and taking into account special populations with prolonged elimination time such as renal impairment, all male patients taking lenalidomide must meet the following conditions:

•  Understand the expected teratogenic risk if engaged in sexual activity with a pregnant woman or a woman of childbearing potential

•  Understand the need for the use of a condom if engaged in sexual activity with a pregnant woman or a woman of childbearing potential not using effective contraception (even if the man has had a vasectomy), during treatment and for at least 7 days after dose interruptions and/or cessation of treatment.

•  Understand that if his female partner becomes pregnant whilst he is taking Lenalidomide Capsules or shortly after he has stopped taking Lenalidomide Capsules, he should inform his treating physician immediately and that it is recommended to refer the female partner to a physician specialised or experienced in teratology for evaluation and advice.

The prescriber must ensure that for women of childbearing potential:

•  The patient complies with the conditions of the Pregnancy Prevention Programme, including confirmation that she has an adequate level of understanding

•  The patient has acknowledged the aforementioned conditions.

Contraception 

Women of childbearing potential must use at least one effective method of contraception for at least 4 weeks before therapy, during therapy, and until at least 4 weeks after lenalidomide therapy and even in case of dose interruption unless the patient commits to absolute and continuous abstinence confirmed on a monthly basis. If not established on effective contraception, the patient must be referred to an appropriately trained health care professional for contraceptive advice in order that contraception can be initiated. 

The following can be considered to be examples of suitable methods of contraception:

•  Implant

•  Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (IUS)

•  Medroxyprogesterone acetate depot

•  Tubal sterilisation

•  Sexual intercourse with a vasectomised male partner only; vasectomy must be confirmed by two negative semen analyses

•  Ovulation inhibitory progesterone-only pills (i.e. desogestrel)

Because of the increased risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with multiple myeloma taking lenalidomide in combination therapy, and to a lesser extent in patients with multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes and mantle cell lymphoma taking lenalidomide monotherapy, combined oral contraceptive pills are not recommended (see also section 4.5). If a patient is currently using combined oral contraception the patient should switch to one of the effective methods listed above. The risk of venous thromboembolism continues for 4−6 weeks after discontinuing combined oral contraception. The efficacy of contraceptive steroids may be reduced during co-treatment with dexamethasone (see section 4.5).

Implants and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems are associated with an increased risk of infection at the time of insertion and irregular vaginal bleeding. Prophylactic antibiotics should be considered particularly in patients with neutropenia.

Copper-releasing intrauterine devices are generally not recommended due to the potential risks of infection at the time of insertion and menstrual blood loss which may compromise patients with neutropenia or thrombocytopenia.

Pregnancy testing 

According to local practice, medically supervised pregnancy tests with a minimum sensitivity of 25 mIU/mL must be performed for women of childbearing potential as outlined below. This requirement includes women of childbearing potential who practice absolute and continuous abstinence. Ideally, pregnancy testing, issuing a prescription and dispensing should occur on the same day. Dispensing of lenalidomide to women of childbearing potential should occur within 7 days of the prescription.

Prior to starting treatment  

A medically supervised pregnancy test should be performed during the consultation, when lenalidomide is prescribed, or in the 3 days prior to the visit to the prescriber once the patient had been using effective contraception for at least 4 weeks. The test should ensure the patient is not pregnant when she starts treatment with lenalidomide.

Follow-up and end of treatment  

A medically supervised pregnancy test should be repeated at least every 4 weeks, including at least 4 weeks after the end of treatment, except in the case of confirmed tubal sterilisation. These pregnancy tests should be performed on the day of the prescribing visit or in the 3 days prior to the visit to the prescriber.

Additional precautions 

Patients should be instructed never to give this medicinal product to another person and to return any unused capsules to their pharmacist at the end of treatment for safe disposal.

Patients should not donate blood during therapy or for at least 7 days following discontinuation of lenalidomide.

Educational materials, prescribing and dispensing restrictions 

In order to assist patients in avoiding foetal exposure to lenalidomide, the marketing authorisation holder will provide educational material to health care professionals to reinforce the warnings about the expected teratogenicity of lenalidomide, to provide advice on contraception before therapy is started, and to provide guidance on the need for pregnancy testing. The prescriber must inform male and female patients about the expected teratogenic risk and the strict pregnancy prevention measures as specified in the Pregnancy Prevention Programme and provide patients with appropriate patient educational brochure, patient card and/or equivalent tool in accordance to the national implemented patient card system. A national controlled distribution system has been implemented in collaboration with each National Competent Authority. The controlled distribution system includes the use of a patient card and/or equivalent tool for prescribing and/or dispensing controls, and the collecting of detailed data relating to the indication in order to monitor closely the off-label use within the national territory. Ideally, pregnancy testing, issuing a prescription and dispensing should occur on the same day. Dispensing of lenalidomide to women of childbearing potential should occur within 7 days of the prescription and following a medically supervised negative pregnancy test result. Prescriptions for women of childbearing potential can be for a maximum duration of treatment of 4 weeks, and prescriptions for all other patients can be for a maximum duration of treatment of 12 weeks.

Other special warnings and precautions for use 

Myocardial infarction  

Myocardial infarction has been reported in patients receiving lenalidomide, particularly in those with known risk factors and within the first 12 months when used in combination with dexamethasone. Patients with known risk factors – including prior thrombosis – should be closely monitored, and action should be taken to try to minimize all modifiable risk factors (eg. smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia). Venous and arterial thromboembolic events  

In patients with multiple myeloma, the combination of lenalidomide with dexamethasone is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (predominantly deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism). The risk of venous thromboembolism was seen to a lesser extent with lenalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone. 

In patients with multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes and mantle cell lymphoma, treatment with lenalidomide monotherapy was associated with a lower risk of venous thromboembolism (predominantly deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) than in patients with multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide in combination therapy (see sections 4.5 and 4.8).

In patients with multiple myeloma, the combination of lenalidomide with dexamethasone is associated with an increased risk of arterial thromboembolism (predominantly myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular event) and was seen to a lesser extent with lenalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone. The risk of arterial thromboembolism is lower in patients with multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide monotherapy than in patients with multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide in combination therapy.

Consequently, patients with known risk factors for thromboembolism – including prior thrombosis – should be closely monitored. Action should be taken to try to minimize all modifiable risk factors (e.g. smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia). Concomitant administration of erythropoietic agents or previous history of thromboembolic events may also increase thrombotic risk in these patients. Therefore, erythropoietic agents, or other agents that may increase the risk of thrombosis, such as hormone replacement therapy, should be used with caution in multiple myeloma patients receiving lenalidomide with dexamethasone. A haemoglobin concentration above 12 g/dl should lead to discontinuation of erythropoietic agents.

Patients and physicians are advised to be observant for the signs and symptoms of thromboembolism. Patients should be instructed to seek medical care if they develop symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, arm or leg swelling. Prophylactic antithrombotic medicines should be recommended, especially in patients with additional thrombotic risk factors. The decision to take antithrombotic prophylactic measures should be made after careful assessment of an individual patient's underlying risk factors.

If the patient experiences any thromboembolic events, treatment must be discontinued and standard anticoagulation therapy started. Once the patient has been stabilised on the anticoagulation treatment and any complications of the thromboembolic event have been managed, the lenalidomide treatment may be restarted at the original dose dependent upon a benefit risk assessment. The patient should continue anticoagulation therapy during the course of lenalidomide treatment.

Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia  

The major dose limiting toxicities of lenalidomide include neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. A complete blood cell count, including white blood cell count with differential count, platelet count, haemoglobin, and haematocrit should be performed at baseline, every week for the first 8 weeks of lenalidomide treatment and monthly thereafter to monitor for cytopenias. In mantle cell lymphoma patients, the monitoring scheme should be every 2 weeks in Cycles 3 and 4, and then at the start of each cycle. A dose reduction may be required (see section 4.2). 

In case of neutropenia, the physician should consider the use of growth factors in patient management. Patients should be advised to promptly report febrile episodes. 

Patients and physicians are advised to be observant for signs and symptoms of bleeding, including petechiae and epistaxes, especially in patients receiving concomitant medicinal products susceptible to induce bleeding (see section 4.8, Haemorrhagic disorders).

Co-administration of lenalidomide with other myelosuppressive agents should be undertaken with caution.

• Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: patients who have undergone ASCT treated with lenalidomide maintenance

The adverse reactions from CALGB 100104 included events reported post-high dose melphalan and ASCT (HDM/ASCT) as well as events from the maintenance treatment period. A second analysis identified events that occurred after the start of maintenance treatment. In IFM 2005-02, the adverse reactions were from the maintenance treatment period only.

Overall, grade 4 neutropenia was observed at a higher frequency in the lenalidomide maintenance arms compared to the placebo maintenance arms in the 2 studies evaluating lenalidomide maintenance in NDMM patients who have undergone ASCT (32.1% vs 26.7% [16.1% vs 1.8% after the start of maintenance treatment] in CALGB 100104 and 16.4% vs 0.7% in IFM 2005-02, respectively). Treatment-emergent AEs of neutropenia leading to lenalidomide discontinuation were reported in 2.2% of patients in CALGB 100104 and 2.4% of patients in IFM 2005-02, respectively. Grade 4 febrile neutropenia was reported at similar frequencies in the lenalidomide maintenance arms compared to placebo maintenance arms in both studies (0.4% vs 0.5% [0.4% vs 0.5% after the start of maintenance treatment] in CALGB 100104 and 0.3% vs 0% in IFM 2005-02, respectively). Patients should be advised to promptly report febrile episodes, a treatment interruption and/or dose reduction may be required (see section 4.2).

Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was observed at a higher frequency in the lenalidomide maintenance arms compared to the placebo maintenance arms in studies evaluating lenalidomide maintenance in NDMM patients who have undergone ASCT (37.5% vs 30.3% [17.9% vs 4.1% after the start of maintenance treatment] in CALGB 100104 and 13.0% vs 2.9% in IFM 2005-02, respectively). Patients and physicians are advised to be observant for signs and symptoms of bleeding, including petechiae and epistaxes, especially in patients receiving concomitant medicinal products susceptible to induce bleeding (see section 4.8, Haemorrhagic disorders).

• Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: patients who are not eligible for transplant treated with lenalidomide in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone

Grade 4 neutropenia was observed at a lower frequency in the lenalidomide in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone (RVd) arm compared to the Rd comparator arm (2.7% vs 5.9%) in the SWOG S0777 study. Grade 4 febrile neutropenia was reported at similar frequencies in the RVd arm and Rd arm (0.0% vs 0.4%). Patients should be advised to promptly report febrile episodes; a treatment interruption and/or dose reduction may be required (see section 4.2).

Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was observed at a higher frequency in the RVd arm compared to the Rd comparator arm (17.2 % vs 9.4%).

• Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: patients who are not eligible for transplant treated with lenalidomide in combination with low dose dexamethasone

Grade 4 neutropenia was observed in the lenalidomide arms in combination with dexamethasone to a lesser extent than in the comparator arm (8.5% in the Rd [continuous treatment] and Rd18

[treatment for 18 four-week cycles] compared with 15% in the melphalan/prednisone/thalidomide arm, see section 4.8). Grade 4 febrile neutropenia episodes were consistent with the comparator arm (0.6 % in the Rd and Rd18 lenalidomide/dexamethasone-treated patients compared with 0.7% in the melphalan/prednisone/thalidomide arm, see section 4.8).

Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was observed to a lesser extent in the Rd and Rd18 arms than in the comparator arm (8.1% vs 11.1%, respectively). 

• Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: patients who are not eligible for transplant treated with lenalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone

The combination of lenalidomide with melphalan and prednisone in clinical trials of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients is associated with a higher incidence of grade 4 neutropenia (34.1% in melphalan, prednisone and lenalidomide arm followed by lenalidomide [MPR+R] and melphalan, prednisone and lenalidomide followed by placebo [MPR+p] treated patients compared with 7.8% in MPp+p-treated patients; see section 4.8). Grade 4 febrile neutropenia episodes were observed infrequently (1.7% in MPR+R/MPR+p treated patients compared to 0.0% in MPp+p treated patients; see section 4.8).

The combination of lenalidomide with melphalan and prednisone in multiple myeloma patients is associated with a higher incidence of grade 3 and grade 4 thrombocytopenia (40.4% in

MPR+R/MPR+p treated patients, compared with 13.7% in MPp+p-treated patients; see section

4.8).

• Multiple myeloma: patients with at least one prior therapy

The combination of lenalidomide with dexamethasone in multiple myeloma patients with at least one prior therapy is associated with a higher incidence of grade 4 neutropenia (5.1% in lenalidomide/dexamethasone-treated patients compared with 0.6% in placebo/dexamethasonetreated patients; see section 4.8). Grade 4 febrile neutropenia episodes were observed infrequently (0.6% in lenalidomide/dexamethasone-treated patients compared to 0.0% in placebo/dexamethasone treated patients; see section 4.8).

The combination of lenalidomide with dexamethasone in multiple myeloma patients is associated with a higher incidence of grade 3 and grade 4 thrombocytopenia (9.9% and 1.4%, respectively, in lenalidomide/dexamethasone-treated patients compared to 2.3% and 0.0% in placebo/dexamethasone-treated patients; see section 4.8).

• Myelodysplastic syndromes

Lenalidomide treatment in myelodysplastic syndromes patients is associated with a higher incidence of grade 3 and 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia compared to patients on placebo (see section 4.8). 

• Mantle cell lymphoma

Lenalidomide treatment in mantle cell lymphoma patients is associated with a higher incidence of grade 3 and 4 neutropenia compared with patients on the control arm (see section 4.8).

Thyroid disorders  

Cases of hypothyroidism and cases of hyperthyroidism have been reported. Optimal control of co-morbid conditions influencing thyroid function is recommended before start of treatment.

Baseline and ongoing monitoring of thyroid function is recommended.

Peripheral neuropathy  

Lenalidomide is structurally related to thalidomide, which is known to induce severe peripheral neuropathy. 

There was no increase in peripheral neuropathy observed with lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone or melphalan and prednisone or lenalidomide monotherapy or with long term use of lenalidomide for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

The combination of lenalidomide with intravenous bortezomib and dexamethasone in multiple myeloma patients is associated with a higher frequency of peripheral neuropathy. The frequency was lower when bortezomib was administered subcutaneously. For additional information, see Section 4.8 and the SmPC for bortezomib.

Tumour flare reaction and tumour lysis syndrome  

Because lenalidomide has anti-neoplastic activity the complications of tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) may occur. TLS and tumour flare reaction (TFR) have commonly been observed in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and uncommonly in patients with lymphomas, who were treated with lenalidomide. Fatal instances of TLS have been reported during treatment with lenalidomide. The patients at risk of TLS and TFR are those with high tumour burden prior to treatment. Caution should be practiced when introducing these patients to lenalidomide. These patients should be monitored closely, especially during the first cycle or dose-escalation, and appropriate precautions taken. There have been rare reports of TLS in patients with MM treated with lenalidomide, and no reports in patients with MDS treated with lenalidomide.

Tumour burden  

• Mantle cell lymphoma

Lenalidomide is not recommended for the treatment of patients with high tumour burden if alternative treatment options are available. 

Early death  

In study MCL-002 there was overall an apparent increase in early (within 20 weeks) deaths. Patients with high tumour burden at baseline are at increased risk of early death, there were 16/81 (20%) early deaths in the lenalidomide arm and 2/28 (7%) early deaths in the control arm.

Within 52 weeks corresponding figures were 32/81 (40%) and 6/28 (21%) (See section 5.1). 

Adverse events 

In study MCL-002, during treatment cycle 1, 11/81 (14%) patients with high tumour burden were withdrawn from therapy in the lenalidomide arm vs. 1/28 (4%) in the control group. The main reason for treatment withdrawal for patients with high tumour burden during treatment cycle 1 in the lenalidomide arm was adverse events, 7/11 (64%). 

Patients with high tumour burden should therefore be closely monitored for adverse reactions (see Section 4.8) including signs of tumour flare reaction (TFR). Please refer to section 4.2 for dose adjustments for TFR.

High tumour burden was defined as at least one lesion ≥5 cm in diameter or 3 lesions ≥3 cm. 

Tumour flare reaction  

• Mantle cell lymphoma

Careful monitoring and evaluation for TFR is recommended. Patients with high mantle cell lymphoma International Prognostic Index (MIPI) at diagnosis or bulky disease (at least one lesion that is ≥ 7 cm in the longest diameter) at baseline may be at risk of TFR. Tumour flare reaction may mimic progression of disease (PD). Patients in studies MCL-002 and MCL-001 that experienced Grade 1 and 2 TFR were treated with corticosteroids, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or narcotic analgesics for management of TFR symptoms. The decision to take therapeutic measures for TFR should be made after careful clinical assessment of the individual patient (see section 4.2).

Allergic reactions  

Cases of allergic reaction/hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients treated with lenalidomide (see section 4.8). Patients who had previous allergic reactions while treated with thalidomide should be monitored closely, as a possible cross-reaction between lenalidomide and thalidomide has been reported in the literature. 

Severe skin reactions  

Severe cutaneous reactions including SJS, and TEN and DRESS have been reported with the use of lenalidomide. Patients should be advised of the signs and symptoms of these reactions by their prescribers and should be told to seek medical attention immediately if they develop these symptoms. Lenalidomide must be discontinued for exfoliative or bullous rash, or if SJS, TEN or DRESS is suspected, and should not be resumed following discontinuation for these reactions. Interruption or discontinuation of lenalidomide should be considered for other forms of skin reaction depending on severity. Patients with a history of severe rash associated with thalidomide treatment should not receive lenalidomide.

Lactose intolerance  

Lenalidomide Capsules contain lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicinal product.

Second primary malignancies  

An increase of second primary malignancies (SPM) has been observed in clinical trials in previously treated myeloma patients receiving lenalidomide/dexamethasone (3.98 per 100 person-years) compared to controls (1.38 per 100 person-years). Non-invasive SPM comprise basal cell or squamous cell skin cancers. Most of the invasive SPMs were solid tumour malignancies.

In clinical trials of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients not eligible for transplant, a 4.9fold increase in incidence rate of hematologic SPM (cases of AML, MDS) has been observed in patients receiving lenalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone until progression (1.75 per 100 person-years) compared with melphalan in combination with prednisone (0.36 per 100 person-years). 

A 2.12-fold increase in incidence rate of solid tumour SPM has been observed in patients receiving lenalidomide (9 cycles) in combination with melphalan and prednisone (1.57 per 100 person-years) compared with melphalan in combination with prednisone (0.74 per 100 personyears). 

In patients receiving lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone until progression or for 18 months, the hematologic SPM incidence rate (0.16 per 100 person-years) was not increased as compared to thalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone (0.79 per 100 personyears). 

A 1.3-fold increase in incidence rate of solid tumour SPM has been observed in patients receiving lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone until progression or for 18 months (1.58 per 100 person-years) compared to thalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone (1.19 per 100 person-years).

In newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients receiving lenalidomide in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone, the hematologic SPM incidence rate was 0.00 – 0.16 per 100 person-years and the incidence rate of solid tumour SPM 0.21 – 1.04 per 100 person-years.

The increased risk of secondary primary malignancies associated with lenalidomide is relevant also in the context of NDMM after stem cell transplantation. Though this risk is not yet fully characterized, it should be kept in mind when considering and using Lenalidomide Capsules in this setting.

The incidence rate of hematologic malignancies, most notably AML, MDS and B-cell malignancies (including Hodgkin's lymphoma), was 1.31 per 100 person-years for the lenalidomide arms and 0.58 per 100 person-years for the placebo arms (1.02 per 100 personyears for patients exposed to lenalidomide after ASCT and 0.60 per 100 person-years for patients not-exposed to lenalidomide after ASCT). The incidence rate of solid tumour SPMs was 1.36 per 100 person-years for the lenalidomide arms and 1.05 per 100 person-years for the placebo arms (1.26 per 100 person-years for patients exposed to lenalidomide after ASCT and 0.60 per 100 person-years for patients not-exposed to lenalidomide after ASCT). 

The risk of occurrence of hematologic SPM must be taken into account before initiating treatment with lenalidomide either in combination with melphalan or immediately following high-dose melphalan and ASCT. Physicians should carefully evaluate patients before and during treatment using standard cancer screening for occurrence of SPM and institute treatment as indicated.

Progression to acute myeloid leukaemia in low- and intermediate-1-risk MDS  

• Karyotype

Baseline variables including complex cytogenetics are associated with progression to AML in subjects who are transfusion dependent and have a Del (5q) abnormality. In a combined analysis of two clinical trials of lenalidomide in low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, subjects who had a complex cytogenetics had the highest estimated 2-year cumulative risk of progression to AML (38.6%). The estimated 2-year rate of progression to AML in patients with an isolated Del (5q) abnormality was 13.8%, compared to 17.3% for patients with Del (5q) and one additional cytogenetic abnormality.

As a consequence, the benefit/risk ratio of lenalidomide when MDS is associated with Del (5q) and complex cytogenetics is unknown. 

• TP53 status

A TP53 mutation is present in 20 to 25% of lower-risk MDS Del 5q patients and is associated with a higher risk of progression to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In a post-hoc analysis of a clinical trial of lenalidomide in low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS004), the estimated 2-year rate of progression to AML was 27.5 % in patients with IHC-p53 positivity (1% cut-off level of strong nuclear staining, using immunohistochemical assessment of p53 protein as a surrogate for TP53 mutation status) and 3.6% in patients with IHC-p53 negativity (p=0.0038) (see section 4.8)

Progression to other malignancies in mantle cell lymphoma  

In mantle cell lymphoma, AML, B-cell malignancies and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) are potential risks.

Hepatic disorders  

Hepatic failure, including fatal cases, has been reported in patients treated with lenalidomide in combination therapy: acute hepatic failure, toxic hepatitis, cytolytic hepatitis, cholestatic hepatitis, and mixed cytolytic/cholestatic hepatitis have been reported. The mechanisms of severe drug-induced hepatotoxicity remain unknown although, in some cases, pre-existing viral liver disease, elevated baseline liver enzymes, and possibly treatment with antibiotics might be risk factors.

Abnormal liver function tests were commonly reported and were generally asymptomatic and reversible upon dosing interruption. Once parameters have returned to baseline, treatment at a lower dose may be considered. 

Lenalidomide is excreted by the kidneys. It is important to dose adjust patients with renal impairment in order to avoid plasma levels which may increase the risk for higher haematological adverse reactions or hepatotoxicity. Monitoring of liver function is recommended, particularly when there is a history of or concurrent viral liver infection or when lenalidomide is combined with medicinal products known to be associated with liver dysfunction.

Infection with or without neutropenia  

Patients with multiple myeloma are prone to develop infections including pneumonia. A higher rate of infections was observed with lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone than with MPT in patients with NDMM who are not eligible for transplant, and with lenalidomide maintenance compared to placebo in patients with NDMM who had undergone ASCT. Grade ≥ 3 infections occurred within the context of neutropenia in less than one-third of the patients. Patients with known risk factors for infections should be closely monitored. All patients should be advised to seek medical attention promptly at the first sign of infection (eg, cough, fever, etc) thereby allowing for early management to reduce severity.

Viral reactivation  

Cases of viral reactivation have been reported in patients receiving lenalidomide, including serious cases of herpes zoster or hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation.

Some of the cases of viral reactivation had a fatal outcome.

Some of the cases of herpes zoster reactivation resulted in disseminated herpes zoster, meningitis herpes zoster or ophthalmic herpes zoster requiring a temporary hold or permanent discontinuation of the treatment with lenalidomide and adequate antiviral treatment.

Reactivation of hepatitis B has been reported rarely in patients receiving lenalidomide who have previously been infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Some of these cases have progressed to acute hepatic failure resulting in discontinuation of lenalidomide and adequate antiviral treatment. Hepatitis B virus status should be established before initiating treatment with lenalidomide. For patients who test positive for HBV infection, consultation with a physician with expertise in the treatment of hepatitis B is recommended. Caution should be exercised when lenalidomide is used in patients previously infected with HBV, including patients who are antiHBc positive but HBsAg negative. These patients should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of active HBV infection throughout therapy.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy  

Cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), including fatal cases, have been reported with lenalidomide. PML was reported several months to several years after starting the treatment with lenalidomide. Cases have generally been reported in patients taking concomitant dexamethasone or prior treatment with other immunosuppressive chemotherapy. Physicians should monitor patients at regular intervals and should consider PML in the differential diagnosis in patients with new or worsening neurological symptoms, cognitive or behavioural signs or symptoms. Patients should also be advised to inform their partner or caregivers about their treatment, since they may notice symptoms that the patient is not aware of.

The evaluation for PML should be based on neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis for JC virus (JCV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or a brain biopsy with testing for JCV. A negative JCV PCR does not exclude PML. Additional follow-up and evaluation may be warranted if no alternative diagnosis can be established. 

If PML is suspected, further dosing must be suspended until PML has been excluded. If PML is confirmed, lenalidomide must be permanently discontinued.

Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients  

There was a higher rate of intolerance (grade 3 or 4 adverse events, serious adverse events, discontinuation) in patients with age > 75 years, ISS stage III, ECOG PS≥2 or CLcr<60 mL/min when lenalidomide is given in combination. Patients should be carefully assessed for their ability to tolerate lenalidomide in combination, with consideration to age, ISS stage III, ECOG PS≥2 or CLcr<60 mL/min (see sections 4.2 and 4.8).

Cataract  

Cataract has been reported with a higher frequency in patients receiving lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone particularly when used for a prolonged time. Regular monitoring of visual ability is recommended.


Erythropoietic agents, or other agents that may increase the risk of thrombosis, such as hormone replacement therapy, should be used with caution in multiple myeloma patients receiving lenalidomide with dexamethasone (see sections 4.4 and 4.8).

Oral contraceptives 

No interaction study has been performed with oral contraceptives. Lenalidomide is not an enzyme inducer. In an in vitro study with human hepatocytes, lenalidomide, at various concentrations tested did not induce CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4/5. Therefore, induction leading to reduced efficacy of medicinal products, including hormonal contraceptives, is not expected if lenalidomide is administered alone. However, dexamethasone is known to be a weak to moderate inducer of CYP3A4 and is likely to also affect other enzymes as well as transporters. It may not be excluded that the efficacy of oral contraceptives may be reduced during treatment. Effective measures to avoid pregnancy must be taken (see sections 4.4 and 4.6).

Warfarin 

Co-administration of multiple 10 mg doses of lenalidomide had no effect on the single dose pharmacokinetics of R- and S- warfarin. Co-administration of a single 25 mg dose of warfarin had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide. However, it is not known whether there is an interaction during clinical use (concomitant treatment with dexamethasone). Dexamethasone is a weak to moderate enzyme inducer and its effect on warfarin is unknown.

Close monitoring of warfarin concentration is advised during the treatment.

Digoxin 

Concomitant administration with lenalidomide 10 mg once daily increased the plasma exposure of digoxin (0.5 mg, single dose) by 14% with a 90% CI (confidence interval) [0.52%-28.2%]. It is not known whether the effect will be different in the clinical use (higher lenalidomide doses and concomitant treatment with dexamethasone). Therefore, monitoring of the digoxin concentration is advised during lenalidomide treatment.

Statins 

There is an increased risk of rhabdomyolysis when statins are administered with lenalidomide, which may be simply additive. Enhanced clinical and laboratory monitoring is warranted notably during the first weeks of treatment.

Dexamethasone 

Co-administration of single or multiple doses of dexamethasone (40 mg once daily) has no clinically relevant effect on the multiple dose pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide (25 mg once daily).

Interactions with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors 

In vitro, lenalidomide is a substrate of P-gp, but is not a P-gp inhibitor. Co-administration of multiple doses of the strong P-gp inhibitor quinidine (600 mg, twice daily) or the moderate P-gp inhibitor/substrate temsirolimus (25 mg) has no clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide (25 mg). Co-administration of lenalidomide does not alter the pharmacokinetics of temsirolimus.


Due to the teratogenic potential, lenalidomide must be prescribed under a Pregnancy Prevention Programme (see section 4.4) unless there is reliable evidence that the patient does not have childbearing potential.

Women of childbearing potential / Contraception in males and females 

Women of childbearing potential should use effective method of contraception. If pregnancy occurs in a woman treated with lenalidomide, treatment must be stopped and the patient should be referred to a physician specialised or experienced in teratology for evaluation and advice. If pregnancy occurs in a partner of a male patient taking lenalidomide, it is recommended to refer the female partner to a physician specialised or experienced in teratology for evaluation and advice.

Lenalidomide is present in human semen at extremely low levels during treatment and is undetectable in human semen 3 days after stopping the substance in the healthy subject (see section 5.2). As a precaution, and taking into account special populations with prolonged elimination time such as renal impairment, all male patients taking lenalidomide should use condoms throughout treatment duration, during dose interruption and for 1 week after cessation of treatment if their partner is pregnant or of childbearing potential and has no contraception.

Pregnancy 

Lenalidomide is structurally related to thalidomide. Thalidomide is a known human teratogenic active substance that causes severe life-threatening birth defects.

Lenalidomide induced in monkeys malformations similar to those described with thalidomide (see section 5.3). Therefore, a teratogenic effect of lenalidomide is expected and lenalidomide is contraindicated during pregnancy (see section 4.3).

Breast-feeding 

It is not known whether lenalidomide is excreted in breast milk. Therefore breast-feeding should be discontinued during therapy with lenalidomide.

Fertility 

A fertility study in rats with lenalidomide doses up to 500 mg/kg (approximately 200 to 500 times the human doses of 25 mg and 10 mg, respectively, based on body surface area) produced no adverse effects on fertility and no parental toxicity.

 


Lenalidomide has minor or moderate influence on the ability to drive and use machines. Fatigue, dizziness, somnolence, vertigo and blurred vision have been reported with the use of lenalidomide. Therefore, caution is recommended when driving or operating machines.


Summary of the safety profile 

Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: patients who have undergone ASCT treated with lenalidomide maintenance  

A conservative approach was applied to determine the adverse reactions from CALGB 100104. The adverse reactions described in Table 1 included events reported post-HDM/ASCT as well as events from the maintenance treatment period. A second analysis that identified events that occurred after the start of maintenance treatment suggests that the frequencies described in Table

1 may be higher than actually observed during the maintenance treatment period. In IFM 200502, the adverse reactions were from the maintenance treatment period only.

The serious adverse reactions observed more frequently (≥5%) with lenalidomide maintenance than placebo were:

•  Pneumonias (10.6%; combined term) from IFM 2005-02

•  Lung infection (9.4% [9.4% after the start of maintenance treatment]) from CALGB 100104

In the IFM 2005-02 study, the adverse reactions observed more frequently with lenalidomide maintenance than placebo were neutropenia (60.8%), bronchitis (47.4%), diarrhoea (38.9%), nasopharyngitis (34.8%), muscle spasms (33.4%), leucopenia (31.7%), asthenia (29.7%), cough (27.3%), thrombocytopenia (23.5%), gastroenteritis (22.5%) and pyrexia (20.5%).

In the CALGB 100104 study, the adverse reactions observed more frequently with lenalidomide maintenance than placebo were neutropenia (79.0% [71.9% after the start of maintenance treatment]), thrombocytopenia (72.3% [61.6%]), diarrhoea (54.5% [46.4%]), rash (31.7% [25.0%]), upper respiratory tract infection (26.8% [26.8%]), fatigue (22.8% [17.9%]), leucopenia (22.8% [18.8%]) and anemia (21.0% [13.8%]).

Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients who are not eligible for transplant receiving lenalidomide in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone  

In the SWOG S0777 study, the serious adverse reactions observed more frequently (≥ 5%) with lenalidomide in combination with intravenous bortezomib and dexamethasone than with lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone were: 

• Hypotension (6.5%), lung infection (5.7%), dehydration (5.0%)

The adverse reactions observed more frequently with lenalidomide in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone than with lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone were: Fatigue (73.7%), peripheral neuropathy (71.8%), thrombocytopenia (57.6%), constipation (56.1%), hypocalcaemia (50.0%). 

Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: patients who are not eligible for transplant treated with lenalidomide in combination with low dose dexamethasone  

The serious adverse reactions observed more frequently (≥5%) with lenalidomide in combination with low dose dexamethasone (Rd and Rd18) than with melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide (MPT) were:

•  Pneumonia (9.8%)

•  Renal failure (including acute) (6.3%)

The adverse reactions observed more frequently with Rd or Rd18 than MPT were: diarrhoea (45.5%), fatigue (32.8%), back pain (32.0%), asthenia (28.2%), insomnia (27.6%), rash (24.3%), decreased appetite (23.1%), cough (22.7%), pyrexia (21.4%), and muscle spasms (20.5%).

Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: patients who are not eligible for transplant treated with lenalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone

The serious adverse reactions observed more frequently (≥5%) with melphalan, prednisone and lenalidomide followed by lenalidomide maintenance (MPR+R) or melphalan, prednisone and lenalidomide followed by placebo (MPR+p) than melphalan, prednisone and placebo followed by placebo (MPp+p) were:

•  Febrile neutropenia (6.0%)

•  Anemia (5.3%)

The adverse reactions observed more frequently with MPR+R or MPR+p than MPp+p were: neutropenia (83.3%), anemia (70.7%), thrombocytopenia (70.0%), leukopenia (38.8%), constipation (34.0%), diarrhoea (33.3%), rash (28.9%), pyrexia (27.0%), peripheral oedema (25.0%), cough (24.0%), decreased appetite (23.7%), and asthenia (22.0%).

Multiple myeloma: patients with at least one prior therapy  

In two phase 3 placebo-controlled studies, 353 patients with multiple myeloma were exposed to the lenalidomide/dexamethasone combination and 351 to the placebo/dexamethasone combination. 

The most serious adverse reactions observed more frequently in lenalidomide/dexamethasone than placebo/dexamethasone combination were:

•  Venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism) (see section 4.4)

•  Grade 4 neutropenia (see section 4.4).

The observed adverse reactions which occurred more frequently with lenalidomide and dexamethasone than placebo and dexamethasone in pooled multiple myeloma clinical trials (MM-009 and MM-010) were fatigue (43.9%), neutropenia (42.2%), constipation (40.5%), diarrhoea (38.5%), muscle cramp (33.4%), anemia (31.4%), thrombocytopenia (21.5%), and rash (21.2%).

Myelodysplastic syndromes  

The overall safety profile of lenalidomide in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes is based on data from a total of 286 patients from one phase 2 study and one phase 3 study (see section

5.1). In the phase 2, all 148 patients were on lenalidomide treatment. In the phase 3 study, 69 patients were on lenalidomide 5 mg, 69 patients on lenalidomide 10 mg and 67 patients were on placebo during the double-blind phase of the study. 

Most adverse reactions tended to occur during the first 16 weeks of therapy with lenalidomide.

Serious adverse reactions include:

•   Venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism) (see section 4.4)

•   Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, febrile neutropenia and grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia (see section

4.4).

The most commonly observed adverse reactions which occurred more frequently in the lenalidomide groups compared to the control arm in the phase 3 study were neutropenia (76.8%), thrombocytopenia (46.4%), diarrhoea (34.8%), constipation (19.6%), nausea (19.6%), pruritus (25.4%), rash (18.1%), fatigue (18.1%) and muscle spasms (16.7%).

Mantle cell lymphoma  

The overall safety profile of lenalidomide in patients with mantle cell lymphoma is based on data from 254 patients from a phase 2 randomised, controlled study MCL-002 (see section 5.1). 

Additionally, adverse drug reactions from supportive study MCL-001 have been included in table 3.

The serious adverse reactions observed more frequently in study MCL-002 (with a difference of at least 2 percentage points) in the lenalidomide arm compared with the control arm were:

•  Neutropenia (3.6%)

•  Pulmonary embolism (3.6%)

•  Diarrhoea (3.6%)

The most frequently observed adverse reactions which occurred more frequently in the lenalidomide arm compared with the control arm in study MCL-002 were neutropenia (50.9%), anemia (28.7%), diarrhoea (22.8%), fatigue (21.0%), constipation (17.4%), pyrexia (16.8%), and rash (including dermatitis allergic) (16.2%). 

In study MCL-002 there was overall an apparent increase in early (within 20 weeks) deaths. Patients with high tumour burden at baseline are at increased risk of early death, 16/81 (20%) early deaths in the lenalidomide arm and 2/28 (7%) early deaths in the control arm. Within 52 weeks corresponding figures were 32/81 (39.5%) and 6/28 (21%) (see section 5.1). 

During treatment cycle 1, 11/81 (14%) patients with high tumour burden were withdrawn from therapy in the lenalidomide arm vs. 1/28 (4%) in the control group. The main reason for treatment withdrawal for patients with high tumour burden during treatment cycle 1 in the lenalidomide arm was adverse events, 7/11 (64%). 

High tumour burden was defined as at least one lesion ≥5 cm in diameter or 3 lesions ≥3 cm.

Tabulated list of adverse reactions 

The adverse reactions observed in patients treated with lenalidomide are listed below by system organ class and frequency. Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. Frequencies are defined as: very common (≥ 1/10); common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10); uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100); rare (≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000); very rare (< 1/10,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).

Adverse reactions have been included under the appropriate category in the table below according to the highest frequency observed in any of the main clinical trials.

Tabulated summary for monotherapy in MM  

The following table is derived from data gathered during NDMM studies in patients who have undergone ASCT treated with lenalidomide maintenance. The data were not adjusted according to the longer duration of treatment in the lenalidomide-containing arms continued until disease progression versus the placebo arms in the pivotal multiple myeloma studies (see section 5.1).

Table 1. ADRs reported in clinical trials in patients with multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide maintenance therapy 

System             Organ             Class/Preferred Term 

All ADRs/Frequency 

Grade 3-4 ADRs/Frequency 

Infections and Infestations 

Very Common 

Pneumonias◊,a, Upper respiratory tract

Very Common 

Pneumonias◊,a, Neutropenic infection

 

 

infection,      Neutropenic     infection,

Bronchitis, Influenza, Gastroenteritis, Sinusitis,

Nasopharyngitis, Rhinitis

Common 

Infection, Urinary tract infection◊,*, Lower respiratory tract infection,

Lung infection

Common 

Sepsis◊,b, Bacteraemia, Lung infection, Lower respiratory tract infection bacterial, Bronchitis, Influenza, Gastroenteritis, Herpes

zoster, Infection

Neoplasms Benign, Malignant and

Unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) 

Common 

Myelodysplastic syndrome◊,*

 

Blood     and     Lymphatic     System

Disorders 

Very Common 

Neutropenia^,◊, Febrile neutropenia^,◊, Thrombocytopenia^,◊, Anemia, Leucopenia, Lymphopenia

Very Common 

Neutropenia^,◊, Febrile neutropenia^

Thrombocytopenia^,◊,

Leucopenia, Lymphopenia

Common 

Pancytopenia

,◊

,

Anemia,

Metabolism         and         Nutrition

Disorders 

Very Common  Hypokalaemia

Common 

Hypokalaemia, Dehydration

 

Nervous System Disorders 

 

Very Common 

Paraesthesia

Common 

Peripheral neuropathyc

Common  Headache

 

Vascular Disorders 

 

Common 

Pulmonary embolism◊,*

Common 

Deep vein thrombosis^,◊,d

 

Respiratory,         Thoracic

Mediastinal Disorders 

and

Very Common 

Cough

Common 

Dyspnoea, Rhinorrhoea

Common 

Dyspnoea

 

Gastrointestinal Disorders 

 

Very Common 

Diarrhoea, Constipation, Abdominal pain, Nausea

Common 

Vomiting, Abdominal pain upper

Common 

Diarrhoea, Vomiting, Nausea

Hepatobiliary Disorders 

 

Very Common 

Abnormal liver function tests

Common 

Abnormal liver function tests

Skin    and    Subcutaneous

Disorders 

Tissue

Very Common  Rash, Dry skin

Common 

Rash, Pruritus

Musculoskeletal and       Connective

Tissue Disorders 

Very Common  Muscle spasms

Common 

Myalgia, Musculoskeletal pain

 

General            Disorders            and

Administration Site Conditions 

Very Common 

Fatigue, Asthenia, Pyrexia

Common 

Fatigue, Asthenia

Adverse reactions reported as serious in clinical trials in patients with NDMM who had undergone ASCT

* Applies to serious adverse drug reactions only

^ See section 4.8 description of selected adverse reactions a “Pneumonias” combined AE term includes the following PTs: Bronchopneumonia, Lobar pneumonia, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, Pneumonia, Pneumonia klebsiella, Pneumonia legionella, Pneumonia mycoplasmal, Pneumonia pneumococcal, Pneumonia streptococcal, Pneumonia viral, Lung disorder, Pneumonitis b “Sepsis” combined AE term includes the following PTs: Bacterial sepsis, Pneumococcal sepsis, Septic shock, Staphylococcal sepsis c “Peripheral neuropathy” combined AE term includes the following preferred terms (PTs): Neuropathy peripheral, Peripheral sensory neuropathy, Polyneuropathy d “Deep vein thrombosis” combined AE term includes the following PTs: Deep vein thrombosis,

Thrombosis, Venous thrombosis

Tabulated summary for combination therapy in MM  

The following table is derived from data gathered during the multiple myeloma studies with combination therapy. The data were not adjusted according to the longer duration of treatment in the lenalidomide-containing arms continued until disease progression versus the comparator arms in the pivotal multiple myeloma studies (see section 5.1).

Table 2. ADRs reported in clinical studies in patients with multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone, dexamethasone, or melphalan and prednisone 

System Organ Class / Preferred Term 

All ADRs/Frequency 

Grade 3−4 ADRs/Frequency 

Infections              and

Infestations 

Very Common 

Pneumonia◊,◊◊, Upper respiratory tract infection, Bacterial, viral and fungal infections (including opportunistic infections), Nasopharyngitis,

Common 

Pneumonia◊,◊◊, Bacterial, viral and fungal infections (including opportunistic infections), Cellulitis,

 

 

Pharyngitis, Bronchitis, Rhinitis

Common 

Sepsis◊,◊◊,         Lung    infection◊◊,        Urinary             tract infection◊◊, Sinusitis

Sepsis◊,◊◊, Lung infection◊◊, Bronchitis, Respiratory tract infection◊◊, Urinary tract infection◊◊,

Enterocolitis infectious

Neoplasms Benign, Malignant and

Unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) 

Uncommon 

Basal cell carcinoma^,◊, Squamous skin cancer^,◊,*

Common 

Acute           myeloid          leukaemia,

Myelodysplastic                 syndrome,

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin^,◊,**

Uncommon 

T-cell type acute leukaemia, Basal cell carcinoma^,◊, Tumour lysis syndrome

Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders 

Very Common 

Neutropenia^,◊,◊◊, Thrombocytopenia^,◊,◊◊, Anemia,

Haemorrhagic            disorder^,          Leucopenias,

Lymphopenia

Common 

Febrile neutropenia^,◊, Pancytopenia

Uncommon 

Haemolysis,     Autoimmune    haemolytic             anemia, Haemolytic anemia

Very Common 

Neutropenia^,◊,◊◊,

Thrombocytopenia^,◊,◊◊,         Anemia,

Leucopenias, Lymphopenia

Common 

Febrile neutropenia^,◊, Pancytopenia,

Haemolytic anemia

Uncommon 

Hypercoagulation, Coagulopathy

Immune           System

Disorders 

Uncommon 

Hypersensitivity^

 

Endocrine Disorders 

Common 

Hypothyroidism

 

Metabolism            and

Nutrition Disorders 

Very Common 

Hypokalaemia◊,◊◊,

Hypoglycaemia, HypocalcaemiaDehydration◊◊, Decreased             app decreased Common 

Hypomagnesaemia,

Hypercalcaemia+

Hyperglycaemia,

, Hyponatraemia, etite◊◊, Weight

Hyperuricaemia,

Common 

Hypokalaemia◊,◊◊, Hyperglycaemia, Hypocalcaemia, Diabetes mellitus, Hypophosphataemia, Hyponatraemia, Hyperuricaemia, Gout, Dehydration◊◊, Decreased appetite◊◊, Weight decreased

Psychiatric Disorders 

Very Common 

Depression, Insomnia

Uncommon 

Loss of libido

 

Common 

Depression, Insomnia

Nervous            System

Disorders 

Very Common 

Peripheral neuropathies◊◊, Paraesthesia, Dizziness◊◊,

Tremor, Dysgeusia, Headache

Common 

Ataxia, Balance impaired, Syncope◊◊, Neuralgia, Dysaesthesia

Very Common 

Peripheral neuropathies◊◊

Common 

Cerebrovascular accident, Dizziness◊◊,

Syncope◊◊, Neuralgia

Uncommon 

Intracranial haemorrhage^, Transient ischaemic attack, Cerebral ischemia

Eye Disorders 

Very Common 

Common 

 

 

Cataracts, Blurred vision

Common 

Reduced visual acuity

Cataract

Uncommon 

Blindness

Ear    and    Labyrinth

Disorders 

Common 

Deafness (Including Hypoacusis), Tinnitus

 

Cardiac Disorders 

Common 

Atrial fibrillation◊,◊◊, Bradycardia

Uncommon 

Arrhythmia,      QT       prolongation,    Atrial             flutter, Ventricular extrasystoles

Common 

Myocardial infarction (including acute)^,◊, Atrial fibrillation◊,◊◊, Congestive cardiac failure, Tachycardia, Cardiac failure◊,◊◊,

Myocardial ischemia 

Vascular Disorders 

Very Common 

Venous thromboembolic events^, predominantly deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary

embolism^,◊,◊◊, Hypotension◊◊

Common 

Hypertension, Ecchymosis^

Very Common 

Venous thromboembolic events^, predominantly deep vein thrombosis

and pulmonary embolism^,◊,◊◊

Common 

Vasculitis,                     Hypotension◊◊,

Hypertension

Uncommon 

Ischemia,        Peripheral       ischemia,

Intracranial venous sinus thrombosis

Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal

Disorders 

Very Common 

Dyspnoea◊,◊◊, Epistaxis^, Cough

Common 

Dysphonia

Common 

Respiratory     distress,    Dyspnoea◊,◊◊,

Pleuritic pain◊◊, Hypoxia◊◊

Gastrointestinal Disorders 

 

Very Common 

Diarrhoea◊,◊◊, Constipation, Abdominal pain◊◊, Nausea, Vomiting,◊◊, Dyspepsia, Dry mouth,

Stomatitis

Common 

Gastrointestinal haemorrhage (including rectal haemorrhage, haemorrhoidal haemorrhage, peptic ulcer haemorrhage and gingival bleeding)^ ,◊◊,

Dysphagia

Uncommon 

Colitis, Caecitis 

Common 

Gastrointestinal             haemorrhage^,◊,◊◊, Small             intestinal          obstruction◊◊, Diarrhoea◊◊, Constipation, Abdominal pain◊◊, Nausea, Vomiting◊◊

Hepatobiliary Disorders 

 

Very Common 

Alanine            aminotransferase           increased,             Aspartate aminotransferase increased

Common 

Hepatocellular injury◊◊, Abnormal liver function tests, Hyperbilirubinaemia

Uncommon 

Hepatic failure^

Common 

Cholestasis, Hepatotoxicity, Hepatocellular injury◊◊, Alanine aminotransferase increased, Abnormal

liver function tests

Uncommon 

Hepatic failure^

Skin                       and

Subcutaneous Tissue

Very Common 

Rashes◊◊, Pruritus

Common 

Rashes◊◊

Disorders 

Common 

Urticaria,      Hyperhidrosis,      Dry      skin,      Skin

hyperpigmentation, Eczema, Erythema

Uncommon 

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms◊◊, Skin discolouration, Photosensitivity reaction

Uncommon 

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms◊◊

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue

Disorders 

Very Common 

Muscular weakness◊◊, Muscle spasms, Bone pain, Musculoskeletal and connective tissue pain and discomfort (including back pain◊,◊◊), Pain in

extremity, Myalgia, Arthralgia Common 

Joint swelling

Common 

Muscular weakness◊◊, Bone pain, Musculoskeletal and connective tissue pain and discomfort (including back pain◊,◊◊)

Uncommon 

Joint swelling

Renal     and    Urinary

Disorders 

Very Common 

Renal failure (including acute)◊ ,◊◊

Common 

Haematuria^,   Urinary            retention,             Urinary incontinence

Uncommon 

Acquired Fanconi syndrome

Uncommon 

Renal tubular necrosis

 

Reproductive System and Breast Disorders 

Common 

Erectile dysfunction

 

 

General Disorders and Administration

Site Conditions 

Very Common 

Fatigue◊,◊◊, Oedema (including peripheral oedema), Pyrexia◊,◊◊, Asthenia, Influenza like illness syndrome (including pyrexia, cough, myalgia,

musculoskeletal pain, headache and rigors) Common 

Chest pain◊,◊◊, Lethargy

Very Common 

Fatigue◊,◊◊

Common 

Oedema       peripheral,

Asthenia

Pyrexia◊,◊◊,

Investigations 

Very Common 

Blood alkaline phosphatase increased

Common 

C-reactive protein increased

 

 

Injury, Poisoning and

Procedural

Complications 

Common 

Fall, Contusion^

 

◊                  Adverse reactions reported as serious in clinical trials in patients with NDMM who had received lenalidomide in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone 

^See section 4.8 description of selected adverse reactions

◊                  Adverse reactions reported as serious in clinical trials in patients with multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone, or with melphalan and prednisone

+ Applies to serious adverse drug reactions only

* Squamous skin cancer was reported in clinical trials in previously treated myeloma patients with lenalidomide/dexamethasone compared to controls

** Squamous cell carcinoma of skin was reported in a clinical trial in newly diagnosed myeloma patients with lenalidomide/dexamethasone compared to controls

Tabulated summary from monotherapy  

The following tables are derived from data gathered during the main studies in monotherapy for myelodysplastic syndromes and mantle cell lymphoma.

Table 3. ADRs reported in clinical trials in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes treated with lenalidomide# 

System     Organ    Class    /

Preferred Term 

All ADRs/Frequency 

Grade 3−4 ADRs/Frequency 

Infections and Infestations

 Very Common 

Bacterial,     viral    and    fungal    infections

(including opportunistic infections)

Very Common 

Pneumonia

Common 

Bacterial, viral and fungal infections (including opportunistic infections), Bronchitis

Blood      and     Lymphatic

System Disorders 

Very Common 

Thrombocytopenia^,◊, Neutropenia^,◊,  Leucopenias

Very Common 

Thrombocytopenia^,◊,       Neutropenia^,◊,

Leucopenias

Common 

Febrile neutropenia^,◊ 

Endocrine Disorders 

Very Common 

Hypothyroidism

 

Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders 

Very Common 

Decreased appetite

Common 

Iron overload, Weight decreased

Common 

Hyperglycaemia, Decreased appetite

Psychiatric Disorders 

 

Common 

Altered mood◊,~

Nervous System Disorders

 Very Common 

Dizziness, Headache

Common 

Paraesthesia

 

Cardiac Disorders 

 

Common 

Acute myocardial infarction^,◊, Atrial

 

 

fibrillation, Cardiac failure 

Vascular Disorders 

Common 

Hypertension, Haematoma

Common 

Venous            thromboembolic             events, predominantly deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism^,◊

Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders 

Very Common 

Epistaxis^

 

Gastrointestinal Disorders

 Very Common 

Diarrhoea,     Abdominal    pain    (including

upper), Nausea, Vomiting, Constipation

Common 

Dry mouth, Dyspepsia

Common 

Diarrhoea, Nausea, Toothache

Hepatobiliary Disorders 

Common 

Abnormal liver function tests 

Common 

Abnormal liver function tests 

Skin    and    Subcutaneous

Tissue Disorders 

Very Common 

Rashes, Dry Skin, Pruritus 

Common 

Rashes, Pruritus

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue

Disorders 

Very Common 

Muscle     spasms,     Musculoskeletal    pain

(including back pain and pain in extremity), Arthralgia, Myalgia 

Common 

Back pain

Renal        and       Urinary

Disorders 

 

Common 

Renal failure

General Disorders and Administration Site

Conditions 

Very Common 

Fatigue, Peripheral oedema, Influenza like illness syndrome (including pyrexia, cough, pharyngitis, myalgia, musculoskeletal pain, headache)

Common 

Pyrexia

Injury,      Poisoning     and

Procedural Complications 

 

Common 

Fall

^see section 4.8 description of selected adverse reactions

Adverse events reported as serious in myelodysplastic syndromes clinical trials

~Altered mood was reported as a common serious adverse event in the myelodysplastic syndromes phase 3 study; it was not reported as a grade 3 or 4 adverse event 

Algorithm applied for inclusion in the SmPC: All ADRs captured by the phase 3 study algorithm are included in the EU SmPC. For these ADRs, an additional check of the frequency of the ADRs captured by the phase 2 study algorithm was undertaken and, if the frequency of the ADRs in the phase 2 study was higher than in the phase 3 study, the event was included in the EU SmPC at the frequency it occurred in the phase 2 study.

# Algorithm applied for myelodysplastic syndromes:

•                 Myelodysplastic syndromes phase 3 study (double-blind safety population, difference between lenalidomide 5/10mg and placebo by initial dosing regimen occurring in at least 2 subjects)  o All treatment-emergent adverse events with ≥ 5% of subjects in lenalidomide and at least 2% difference in proportion between lenalidomide and placebo o All treatment-emergent grade 3 or 4 adverse events in 1% of subjects in lenalidomide and at least 1% difference in proportion between lenalidomide and placebo o All treatment-emergent serious adverse events in 1% of subjects in lenalidomide and at least

1% difference in proportion between lenalidomide and placebo

•                 Myelodysplastic syndromes phase 2 study o All treatment-emergent adverse events with ≥ 5% of lenalidomide treated subjects o All treatment-emergent grade 3 or 4 adverse\events in 1% of lenalidomide treated subjects o All treatment-emergent serious adverse events in 1% of lenalidomide treated subjects

Table 4. ADRs reported in clinical trials in patients with mantle cell lymphoma treated with lenalidomide 

System Organ Class / Preferred Term 

All ADRs/Frequency 

Grade 3−4 ADRs/Frequency 

Infections           and

Infestations 

Very Common 

Bacterial,          viral     and       fungal             infections (including             opportunistic    infections), Nasopharyngitis, Pneumonia

Common 

Sinusitis

Common 

Bacterial, viral and fungal infections (including opportunistic infections), Pneumonia

Neoplasms Benign, Malignant and

Unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) 

Common 

Tumour flare reaction

Common 

Tumour flare reaction, Squamous skin cancer^,◊, Basal cell carcinoma^,◊

Blood                 and

Lymphatic System

Disorders 

Very Common 

Thrombocytopenia^,             Neutropenia^,◊,

Leucopenias, Anemia

Common 

Febrile neutropenia^,◊

Very Common 

Thrombocytopenia^, Neutropenia^,◊, Anemia

Common 

Febrile neutropenia^,◊, Leucopenias

 

Metabolism        and

Nutrition Disorders 

Very Common 

Decreased    appetite,

Hypokalaemia

Common 

Dehydration

Weight

decreased,

Common 

Dehydration, Hyponatraemia, Hypocalcaemia

Psychiatric Disorders 

Common  Insomnia

 

 

 

Nervous        System

Disorders 

Common 

Dysgeuesia, peripheral

Headache,

neuropathy

Common 

Peripheral sensory neuropathy, Lethargy

Ear and Labyrinth

Disorders 

Common 

Vertigo

 

 

 

Cardiac Disorders 

 

 

 

Common 

Myocardial     infarction    (including    acute)^,◊,

Cardiac failure 

Vascular Disorders 

Common 

Hypotension

 

 

Common 

Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism^,◊, Hypotension

Respiratory,

Thoracic             and

Mediastinal Disorders 

Very Common  Dyspnoea

 

 

Common 

Dyspnoea

Gastrointestinal Disorders 

Very Common 

Diarrhoea,

Constipation

Common 

Abdominal pain

Nausea,

Vomiting,

Common 

Diarrhoea, Abdominal pain, Constipation

Skin                    and

Subcutaneous

Tissue Disorders 

Very Common 

Rashes     (including     dermatitis

Pruritus

Common 

Night sweats, Dry skin 

allergic),

Common  Rashes

Musculoskeletal

and         Connective

Tissue Disorders 

Very Common 

Muscle spasms, Back pain

Common 

Arthralgia, Pain in extremity, Muscular weakness

 

Common 

Back pain, Muscular weakness, Arthralgia, Pain in extremity

Renal and Urinary

Disorders 

 

Common 

Renal failure

General Disorders and Administration

Site Conditions 

Very Common 

Fatigue,           Asthenia,         Peripheral             oedema, Influenza like illness syndrome (including pyrexia, cough) Common 

Chills

Common 

Pyrexia, Asthenia, Fatigue

^see section 4.8 description of selected adverse reactions

Adverse events reported as serious in mantle cell lymphoma clinical trialsAlgorithm applied for mantle cell lymphoma:

•                 Mantle cell lymphoma controlled phase 2 study o All treatment-emergent adverse events with ≥ 5% of subjects in lenalidomide arm and at least

2% difference in proportion between lenalidomide and control arm o All treatment-emergent grade 3 or 4 adverse events in ≥1% of subjects in lenalidomide arm and at least 1.0% difference in proportion between lenalidomide and control arm o All Serious treatment-emergent adverse events in ≥1% of subjects in lenalidomide arm and at least 1.0% difference in proportion between lenalidomide and control arm

•                 Mantle cell lymphoma single arm phase 2 study o All treatment-emergent adverse events with ≥ 5% of subjects o All grade 3 or 4 treatment-emergent adverse events reported in 2 or more subjects o All Serious treatment-emergent adverse events reported in 2 or more subjects

Tabulated summary of post-marketing adverse reactions  

In addition to the above adverse reactions identified from the pivotal clinical trials, the following table is derived from data gathered from post-marketing data. 

Table 5. ADRs reported in post-marketing use in patients treated with lenalidomide 

System Organ Class / Preferred Term 

All ADRs/Frequency 

Grade 3−4 ADRs/Frequency 

Infections              and

Infestations 

Not Known 

Viral infections, including herpes zoster and hepatitis B virus reactivation

Not Known 

Viral infections, including herpes zoster and hepatitis B virus reactivation

Neoplasms Benign, Malignant and

Unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) 

 

Rare 

Tumour lysis syndrome

Blood and Lymphatic

Not Known 

 

System Disorders 

Acquired haemophilia

 

Immune           System

Disorders 

Not Known 

Solid organ transplant rejection

 

Endocrine Disorders 

Common 

Hyperthyroidism

 

Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal

Disorders 

 

Not Known 

Interstitial pneumonitis

Gastrointestinal Disorders 

 

Not Known 

Pancreatitis, Gastrointestinal perforation (including diverticular, intestinal and large intestine

perforations)^

Hepatobiliary Disorders 

Not Known 

Acute hepatic failure^, Hepatitis toxic^, Cytolytic hepatitis^, Cholestatic hepatitis^, Mixed

cytolytic/cholestatic hepatitis^

Not Known 

Acute   hepatic failure^,             Hepatitis toxic^

Skin                       and

Subcutaneous Tissue

Disorders 

 

Uncommon 

Angioedema

Rare 

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome^, Toxic

epidermal necrolysis^

Not Known 

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and

Systemic Symptoms^

^see section 4.8 description of selected adverse reactions

Description of selected adverse reactions 

Teratogenicity  

Lenalidomide is structurally related to thalidomide. Thalidomide is a known human teratogenic active substance that causes severe life-threatening birth defects. Lenalidomide induced in monkeys malformations similar to those described with thalidomide (see sections 4.6 and 5.3). If lenalidomide is taken during pregnancy, a teratogenic effect of lenalidomide in humans is expected.

Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia  

• Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: patients who have undergone ASCT treated with lenalidomide maintenance

Lenalidomide maintenance after ASCT is associated with a higher frequency of grade 4 neutropenia compared to placebo maintenance (32.1% vs 26.7% [16.1% vs 1.8% after the start of maintenance treatment] in CALGB 100104 and 16.4% vs 0.7% in IFM 2005-02, respectively). Treatment-emergent AEs of neutropenia leading to lenalidomide discontinuation were reported in 2.2% of patients in CALGB 100104 and 2.4% of patients in IFM 2005-02, respectively. Grade 4 febrile neutropenia was reported at similar frequencies in the lenalidomide maintenance arms compared to placebo maintenance arms in both studies (0.4% vs 0.5% [0.4% vs 0.5% after the start of maintenance treatment] in CALGB 100104 and 0.3% vs 0% in IFM 2005-02, respectively).

Lenalidomide maintenance after ASCT is associated with a higher frequency of grade 3 or 4

thrombocytopenia compared to placebo maintenance (37.5% vs 30.3% [17.9% vs 4.1% after the start of maintenance treatment] in CALGB 100104 and 13.0% vs 2.9% in IFM 2005-02, respectively).

• Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients who are not eligible for transplant receiving lenalidomide in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone

Grade 4 neutropenia was observed in the RVd arm to a lesser extent than in the Rd comparator arm (2.7% vs 5.9%) in the SWOG S0777 study. Grade 4 febrile neutropenia was reported at similar frequencies in the RVd arm compared to the Rd arm (0.0% vs 0.4%). 

Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was observed in the RVd arm to a greater extent than in the Rd comparator arm (17.2 % vs 9.4%).

• Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: patients who are not eligible for transplant treated with lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone

The combination of lenalidomide with dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients is associated with a lower frequency of grade 4 neutropenia (8.5% in Rd and Rd18, compared with MPT (15%). Grade 4 febrile neutropenia was observed infrequently (0.6% in Rd and Rd18 compared with 0.7% in MPT).

The combination of lenalidomide with dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients is associated with a lower frequency of grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia (8.1% in Rd and Rd18) compared with MPT (11%).

• Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: patients who are not eligible for transplant treated with lenalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone

The combination of lenalidomide with melphalan and prednisone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients is associated with a higher frequency of grade 4 neutropenia (34.1% in MPR+R/MPR+p) compared with MPp+p (7.8%). There was a higher frequency of grade 4 febrile neutropenia observed (1.7% in MPR+R/MPR+p compared to 0.0% in MPp+p). 

The combination of lenalidomide with melphalan and prednisone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients is associated with a higher frequency of grade 3 and grade 4 thrombocytopenia (40.4% in MPR+R/MPR+p) compared with MPp+p (13.7%). 

• Multiple myeloma: patients with at least one prior therapy

The combination of lenalidomide with dexamethasone in multiple myeloma patients is associated with a higher incidence of grade 4 neutropenia (5.1% in lenalidomide/dexamethasonetreated patients compared with 0.6% in placebo/dexamethasone-treated patients). Grade 4 febrile neutropenia episodes were observed infrequently (0.6% in lenalidomide/dexamethasone-treated patients compared to 0.0% in placebo/dexamethasone treated patients).

The combination of lenalidomide with dexamethasone in multiple myeloma patients is associated with a higher incidence of grade 3 and grade 4 thrombocytopenia (9.9% and 1.4%, respectively, in lenalidomide/dexamethasone-treated patients compared to 2.3% and 0.0% in placebo/dexamethasone-treated patients).

• Myelodysplastic syndromes patients

In myelodysplastic syndromes patients, lenalidomide is associated with a higher incidence of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (74.6% in lenalidomide-treated patients compared with 14.9% in patients on placebo in the phase 3 study). Grade 3 or 4 febrile neutropenia episodes were observed in 2.2% of lenalidomide-treated patients compared with 0.0% in patients on placebo).

Lenalidomide is associated with a higher incidence of grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia (37% in lenalidomide-treated patients compared with 1.5% in patients on placebo in the phase 3 study).

• Mantle cell lymphoma patients

In mantle cell lymphoma patients, lenalidomide is associated with a higher incidence of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (43.7% in lenalidomide-treated patients compared with 33.7% in patients in the control arm in the phase 2 study). Grade 3 or 4 febrile neutropenia episodes were observed in

6.0% of lenalidomide-treated patients compared with 2.4% in patients on control arm. 

Venous thromboembolism  

An increased risk of DVT and PE is associated with the use of the combination of lenalidomide with dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma, and to a lesser extent in patients treated with lenalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone or in patients with multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes and mantle cell lymphoma treated with lenalidomide monotherapy (see section 4.5). 

Concomitant administration of erythropoietic agents or previous history of DVT may also increase thrombotic risk in these patients.

Myocardial infarction  

Myocardial infarction has been reported in patients receiving lenalidomide, particularly in those with known risk factors.

Haemorrhagic disorders  

Haemorrhagic disorders are listed under several system organ classes: Blood and lymphatic system disorders; nervous system disorders (intracranial haemorrhage); respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders (epistaxis); gastrointestinal disorders (gingival bleeding, haemorrhoidal haemorrhage, rectal haemorrhage); renal and urinary disorders (haematuria); injury, poisoning and procedural complications (contusion) and vascular disorders (ecchymosis).

Allergic reactions  

Cases of allergic reaction/hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. A possible crossreaction between lenalidomide and thalidomide has been reported in the literature.

Severe skin reactions  

Severe cutaneous reactions including SJS, TEN and DRESS have been reported with the use of lenalidomide. Patients with a history of severe rash associated with thalidomide treatment should not receive lenalidomide (see section 4.4).

Second primary malignancies  

In clinical trials in previously treated myeloma patients with lenalidomide/dexamethasone compared to controls, mainly comprising of basal cell or squamous cell skin cancers.

Acute myeloid leukaemia  

• Multiple myeloma

Cases of AML have been observed in clinical trials of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in patients taking lenalidomide treatment in combination with melphalan or immediately following HDM/ASCT (see section 4.4). This increase was not observed in clinical trials of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in patients taking lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone compared to thalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone.

• Myelodysplastic syndromes

Baseline variables including complex cytogenetics and TP53 mutation are associated with progression to AML in subjects who are transfusion dependent and have a Del (5q) abnormality (see section 4.4). The estimated 2-year cumulative risk of progression to AML were 13.8% in patients with an isolated Del (5q) abnormality compared to 17.3% for patients with Del (5q) and one additional cytogenetic abnormality and 38.6% in patients with a complex karyotype.

In a post-hoc analysis of a clinical trial of lenalidomide in myelodysplastic syndromes, the estimated 2-year rate of progression to AML was 27.5 % in patients with IHC-p53 positivity and

3.6% in patients with IHC-p53 negativity (p=0.0038). In the patients with IHC-p53 positivity, a lower rate of progression to AML was observed amongst patients who achieved a transfusion independence (TI) response (11.1%) compared to a non-responder (34.8%). 

Hepatic disorders  

The following post-marketing adverse reactions have been reported (frequency unknown): acute hepatic failure and cholestasis (both potentially fatal), toxic hepatitis, cytolytic hepatitis, mixed cytolytic/cholestatic hepatitis.

Rhabdomyolysis  

Rare cases of rhabdomyolysis have been observed, some of them when lenalidomide is administered with a statin.

Thyroid disorders  

Cases of hypothyroidism and cases of hyperthyroidism have been reported (see section 4.4 Thyroid disorders).

Tumour flare reaction and tumour lysis syndrome  

In study MCL-002, approximately 10% of lenalidomide-treated patients experienced TFR compared to 0% in the control arm. The majority of the events occurred in cycle 1, all were assessed as treatment-related, and the majority of the reports were Grade 1 or 2. Patients with high MIPI at diagnosis or bulky disease (at least one lesion that is ≥ 7 cm in the longest diameter) at baseline may be at risk of TFR. In study MCL-002, TLS was reported for one patient in each of the two treatment arms. In the supportive study MCL-001, approximately 10% of subjects experienced TFR; all report were Grade 1 or 2 in severity and all were assessed as treatment-related. The majority of the events occurred in cycle 1. There were no reports of TLS in study MCL-001 (see section 4.4).

Gastrointestinal disorders  

Gastrointestinal perforations have been reported during treatment with lenalidomide. Gastrointestinal perforations may lead to septic complications and may be associated with fatal outcome.

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions 

 If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects    not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly (see details below). By reporting side affects; you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.

Saudi Arabia:

The National Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety Centre (NPC)
o Fax: +966-11-205-7662
o Call NPC at +966-11-2038222, Exts: 2317-2356-2353-2354-2334-2340.
o Toll free phone: 8002490000
o E-mail: npc.drug@sfda.gov.sa
o Website: www.sfda.gov.sa/npc

o Other GCC States:

Please contact the relevant competent authority.


There is no specific experience in the management of lenalidomide overdose in patients, although in dose-ranging studies some patients were exposed to up to 150 mg, and in single-dose studies, some patients were exposed to up to 400 mg. The dose limiting toxicity in these studies was essentially haematological. In the event of overdose, supportive care is advised.


Pharmacotherapeutic group: Other immunosuppressants. ATC code: L04AX04.

Mechanism of action 

The lenalidomide mechanism of action includes anti-neoplastic, anti-angiogenic, proerythropoietic, and immunomodulatory properties. Specifically, lenalidomide inhibits proliferation of certain haematopoietic tumour cells (including MM plasma tumour cells and those with deletions of chromosome 5), enhances T cell- and Natural Killer (NK) cell-mediated immunity and increases the number of NK T cells, inhibits angiogenesis by blocking the migration and adhesion of endothelial cells and the formation of microvessels, augments foetal haemoglobin production by CD34+ haematopoietic stem cells, and inhibits production of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α and IL-6) by monocytes.

In MDS Del (5q), lenalidomide was shown to selectively inhibit the abnormal clone by increasing the apoptosis of Del (5q) cells.

Lenalidomide binds directly to cereblon, a component of a cullin ring E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme complex that includes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage-binding protein 1(DDB1), cullin 4 (CUL4), and regulator of cullins 1 (Roc1). In the presence of lenalidomide, cereblon binds substrate proteins Aiolos and Ikaros which are lymphoid transcriptional factors, leading to their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation resulting in cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects.

Clinical efficacy and safety 

Lenalidomide efficacy and safety have been evaluated in six phase 3 studies in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, two phase 3 studies in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma, one phase 3 study and one phase 2 study in myelodysplastic syndromes and one phase 2 study in mantle cell lymphoma as described below.

Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma 

• Lenalidomide maintenance in patients who have undergone ASCT

The efficacy and safety of lenalidomide maintenance was assessed in two phase 3 multicenter, randomised, double-blind 2-arm, parallel group, placebo-controlled studies: CALGB 100104 and IFM 2005-02

CALGB 100104                                 

Patients between 18 and 70 years of age with active MM requiring treatment and without prior progression after initial treatment were eligible.

Patients were randomised 1:1 within 90-100 days after ASCT to receive either lenalidomide or placebo maintenance. The maintenance dose was 10 mg once daily on days 1-28 of repeated 28day cycles (increased up to 15 mg once daily after 3 months in the absence of dose-limiting toxicity), and treatment was continued until disease progression.

The primary efficacy endpoint in the study was progression free survival (PFS) from randomisation to the date of progression or death, whichever occurred first; the study was not powered for the overall survival endpoint. In total 460 patients were randomised: 231 patients to Lenalidomide and 229 patients to placebo. The demographic and disease-related characteristics were balanced across both arms.

The study was unblinded upon the recommendations of the data monitoring committee after surpassing the threshold for a preplanned interim analysis of PFS. After unblinding, patients in the placebo arm were allowed to cross over to receive lenalidomide before disease progression.

The results of PFS at unblinding, following a preplanned interim analysis, using a cut-off of 17 December 2009 (15.5 months follow up) showed a 62% reduction in risk of disease progression or death favoring lenalidomide (HR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.27, 0.54; p <0.001). The median overall PFS was 33.9 months (95% CI NE, NE) in the lenalidomide arm versus 19.0 months (95% CI 16.2, 25.6) in the placebo arm. 

The PFS benefit was observed both in the subgroup of patients with CR and in the subgroup of patients who had not achieved a CR.

The results for the study, using a cut-off of 1 February 2016, are presented in Table 6

Table 6 Summary of overall efficacy data 

 

Lenalidomide

(N = 231)

Placebo

(N = 229)

Investigator-assessed PFS 

 

 

Mediana PFS time, months (95% CI)b

56.9 (41.9, 71.7)

29,4 (20.7, 35.5)

HR [95% CI]c; p-valued

0.61 (0.48, 0.76); <0.001

PFS2e 

 

 

Mediana PFS2 time, months (95% CI) b

80.2 (63.3, 101.8)

52.8 (41.3, 64.0)

HR [95% CI]c ; p-valued

0.61 (0.48, 0.78); <0.001

Overall survival 

 

 

Mediana OS time, months (95% CI)b

111.0 (101.8, NE)

84.2 (71.0, 102.7)

8-year survival rate, % (SE)

60.9 (3.78)

44.6 (3.98)

HR [95% CI]c ; p-valued

0.61 (0.46, 0.81); <0.001

Follow-up 

 

 

Medianf (min, max), months: all surviving patients

81.9 (0.0, 119.8)

81.0 (4.1, 119.5)

CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; max = maximum; min = minimum; NE = not estimable; OS = overall survival; PFS = progression-free survival;  a The median is based on the Kaplan-Meier estimate. b The 95% CI about the median.

c                 Based on Cox proportional hazards model comparing the hazard functions associated with the indicated treatment arms.

d                The p-value is based on the unstratified log-rank test of Kaplan-Meier curve differences between the indicated treatment arms.

e                 Exploratory endpoint (PFS2). Lenalidomide received by subjects in the placebo arm who crossed over prior to PD upon study unblinding was not considered as a second-line therapy. f Median follow-up post-ASCT for all surviving subjects.

Data cuts: 17 Dec 2009 and 01 Feb 2016

IFM 2005-02 

Patients aged < 65 years at diagnosis who had undergone ASCT and had achieved at least a stable disease response at the time of hematologic recovery were eligible. Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive either lenalidomide or placebo maintenance (10 mg once daily on days 1-28 of repeated 28-day cycles increased up to 15 mg once daily after 3 months in the absence of dose-limiting toxicity) following 2 courses of lenalidomide consolidation (25 mg/day, days 1-21 of a 28-day cycle). Treatment was to be continued until disease progression.

The primary endpoint was PFS defined from randomisation to the date of progression or death, whichever occurred first; the study was not powered for the overall survival endpoint. In total 614 patients were randomised: 307 patients to lenalidomide and 307 patients to placebo.

The study was unblinded upon the recommendations of the data monitoring committee after surpassing the threshold for a preplanned interim analysis of PFS. After unblinding, patients receiving placebo were not crossed over to lenalidomide therapy prior to progressive disease. The lenalidomide arm was discontinued, as a proactive safety measure, after observing an imbalance of SPMs (see Section 4.4).

The results of PFS at unblinding, following a preplanned interim analysis, using a cut-off of 7 July 2010 (31.4 months follow up) showed a 48% reduction in risk of disease progression or death favoring lenalidomide (HR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.41, 0.66; p <0.001). The median overall PFS was 40.1 months (95% CI 35.7, 42.4) in the lenalidomide arm versus 22.8 months (95% CI 20.7, 27.4) in the placebo arm.

The PFS benefit was less in the subgroup of patients with CR than in the subgroup of patients who had not achieved a CR.

The updated PFS, using a cut-off of 1 February 2016 (96.7 months follow up) continues to show a PFS advantage: HR = 0.57 (95% CI 0.47, 0.68; p < 0.001). The median overall PFS was 44.4 months (39.6, 52.0) in the lenalidomide arm versus 23.8 months (95% CI 21.2, 27.3) in the placebo arm. For PFS2, the observed HR was 0.80 (95% CI 0.66, 0.98; p = 0.026) for lenalidomide versus placebo. The median overall PFS2 was 69.9 months (95% CI 58.1, 80.0) in the lenalidomide arm versus 58.4 months (95% CI 51.1, 65.0) in the placebo arm. For OS, the observed HR was 0.90: (95% CI 0.72, 1.13; p = 0.355) for lenalidomide versus placebo. The median overall survival time was 105.9 months (95% CI 88.8, NE) in the lenalidomide arm versus 88.1 months (95% CI 80.7, 108.4) in the placebo arm.

• Lenalidomide in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients who are not eligible for stem cell transplantation

The SWOG S0777 study evaluated the addition of bortezomib to a foundation of lenalidomide and dexamethasone, as initial treatment, followed by continued Rd until disease progression, in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma who are either ineligible for transplant or eligible for transplant with no plan to undertake immediate transplant. 

Patients in the lenalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (RVd) arm received lenalidomide 25 mg/day orally on days 1-14, intravenous bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, and 11, and dexamethasone 20 mg/day orally on days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12 of repeated 21-day cycles for up to eight 21-day cycles (24 weeks). Patients in the lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) arm received lenalidomide 25 mg/day orally on days 1-21, and dexamethasone 40 mg/day orally on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of repeated 28-day cycles for up to six 21-day cycles (24 weeks). Patients in both arms took continued Rd: lenalidomide 25 mg/day orally on days 1-21 and dexamethasone 40 mg/day orally on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of repeated 28-day cycles. Treatment was to be continued until disease progression.

The primary efficacy endpoint in the study was progression free survival (PFS). In total 523 patients were enrolled into the study, with 263 patients randomised to RVd and 260 patients randomised to Rd. The demographics and disease-related baseline characteristics of the patients were well balanced between arms. 

The results of PFS, as assessed by IRAC, at the time of the primary analysis, using a cut-off of 05 November 2015 (50.6 months follow up) showed a 24% reduction in risk of disease progression or death favoring RVd (HR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.61, 0.94; p = 0.010). The median overall PFS was 42.5 months (95% CI 34.0, 54.8) in the RVd arm versus 29.9 months (95% CI 25.6, 38.2) in the Rd arm. The benefit was observed regardless of eligibility for stem cell transplant.

The results for the study, using a cut-off of 01 December 2016, where the median follow-up time for all surviving subjects was 69.0 months, are presented in Table 9. The benefit favoring RVd was observed regardless of eligibility for stem cell transplant. Table 7. Summary of overall efficacy data 

 

Initial treatment 

RVd 

(3-week cycles × 8) 

(N = 263) 

Rd 

(4-week cycles × 6) 

(N = 260) 

IRAC-assessed PFS (months) 

 

Mediana PFS time, months (95% CI)b

41.7 (33.1, 51.5)

29.7 (24.2, 37.8)

HR [95% CI]c; p-valued

0.76 (0.62, 0.94); 0.010

Overall survival (months) 

 

Mediana OS time, months (95% CI)b

89.1 (76.1, NE)

67.2 (58.4, 90.8)

HR [95% CI]c; p-valuee

0.72 (0.56, 0.94); 0.013

Responsef – n (%) 

 

Overall response: CR, VGPR, or PR

199 (75.7)

170 (65.4)

≥ VGPR

153 (58.2)

83 (31.9)

Follow-up (months) 

 

Medianf (min, max): all patients

61.6 (0.2, 99.4)

59.4 (0.4, 99.1)

a                 CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; max = maximum; min = minimum; NE = not estimable; OS = overall survival; PFS = progression-free survival; Median follow-up was calculated from the date of randomization.

b                The median is based on Kaplan-Meier estimate. c Two-sided 95% CI about the median time.

d  Based on unstratified Cox proportional hazards model comparing hazard functions associated with treatment arms (RVd:Rd).

e   The p-value is based on unstratified log-rank test.

Data cutoff date = 01 Dec 2016.

Updated OS results, using a cut-off of 01 May 2018 (84.2 months median follow-up for surviving subjects) continue to show an OS advantage favoring RVd: HR = 0.73 (95% CI 0.57, 0.94; p=0.014). The proportion of subjects alive after 7 years was 54.7% in the RVd arm versus

44.7% in the Rd arm.

• Lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone in patients who are not eligible for stem cell transplantation

The safety and efficacy of lenalidomide was assessed in a phase 3, multicenter, randomised, open-label, 3-arm study (MM-020) of patients who were at least 65 years of age or older or, if younger than 65 years of age, were not candidates for stem cell transplantation because they declined to undergo stem cell transplantation or stem cell transplantation is not available to the patient due to cost or other reason.The study (MM-020) compared lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) given for 2 different durations of time (i.e., until progressive disease [Arm Rd] or for up to eighteen 28-day cycles [72 weeks, Arm Rd18]) to melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide (MPT) for a maximum of twelve 42-day cycles (72 weeks). Patients were randomised (1:1:1) to 1 of 3 treatment arms. Patients were stratified at randomisation by age (≤75 versus >75 years), stage (ISS Stages I and II versus Stage III), and country.

Patients in the Rd and Rd18 arms took lenalidomide 25 mg once daily on days 1 to 21 of 28-day cycles according to protocol arm. Dexamethasone 40 mg was dosed once daily on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each 28-day cycle. Initial dose and regimen for Rd and Rd18 were adjusted according to age and renal function (see section 4.2). Patients >75 years received a dexamethasone dose of 20 mg once daily on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each 28-day cycle. All patients received prophylactic anticoagulation (low molecular weight heparin, warfarin, heparin, low-dose aspirin) during the study.

The primary efficacy endpoint in the study was progression free survival (PFS). In total 1623 patients were enrolled into the study, with 535 patients randomised to Rd, 541 patients randomised to Rd18 and 547 patients randomised to MPT. The demographics and disease-related baseline characteristics of the patients were well balanced in all 3 arms. In general, study subjects had advanced-stage disease: of the total study population, 41% had ISS stage III, 9% had severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance [CLcr] < 30 mL/min). The median age was 73 in the 3 arms.

In an updated analysis of PFS, PFS2 and OS using a cut off of 3 March 2014 where the median follow-up time for all surviving subjects was 45.5 months, the results of the study are presented in Table 8:

Table 8. Summary of overall efficacy data 

 

Rd 

(N = 535) 

Rd18 

(N = 541) 

MPT 

(N = 547) 

Investigator-assessed PFS - (months) 

 

 

 

Mediana PFS time, months (95% CI)b

26.0 (20.7, 29.7)

21.0 (19.7, 22.4)

21.9 (19.8, 23.9)

HR [95% CI]c; p-valued

 

 

 

Rd vs MPT

0.69 (0.59, 0.80); <0.001

 

Rd vs Rd18

0.71 (0.61, 0.83); <0.001

 

Rd18 vs MPT

0.99 (0.86, 1.14); 0.866

 

PFS2e - (months) 

 

 

 

Mediana PFS2 time, months (95% CI)b

42.9 (38.1, 47.4)

40.0 (36.2, 44.2)

35.0 (30.4, 37.8)

HR [95% CI]c; p-valued

 

 

 

Rd vs MPT

0.74 (0.63, 0.86); <0.001

 

Rd vs Rd18

0.92 (0.78, 1.08); 0.316

 

Rd18 vs MPT

0.80 (0.69, 0.93); 0.004

 

Overall survival (months) 

 

 

 

Mediana OS time, months (95% CI)b

58.9 (56.0, NE)

56.7 (50.1, NE)

48.5 (44.2, 52.0)

HR [95% CI]c; p-valued

 

 

 

Rd vs MPT

0.75 (0.62, 0.90); 0.002

 

Rd vs Rd18

0.91 (0.75, 1.09); 0.305

 

Rd18 vs MPT

0.83 (0.69, 0.99); 0.034

 

Follow-up (months)

 

 

 

Medianf (min, max): all patients

40.8 (0.0, 65.9)

40.1 (0.4, 65.7)

38.7 (0.0, 64.2)

Myeloma responseg n (%) 

 

 

 

CR

81 (15.1)

77 (14.2)

51 (9.3)

VGPR

152 (28.4)

154 (28.5)

103 (18.8)

PR

169 (31.6)

166 (30.7)

187 (34.2)

Overall response: CR, VGPR, or PR

402 (75.1)

397 (73.4)

341 (62.3)

Duration of response - (months)h 

 

 

 

Mediana (95% CI)b

35.0 (27.9, 43.4)

22.1 (20.3, 24.0)

22.3 (20.2, 24.9)

AMT = antimyeloma therapy; CI = confidence interval; CR = complete response; d = low-dose dexamethasone; HR = hazard ratio; IMWG = International Myeloma Working Group; IRAC = Independent Response Adjudication Committee; M = melphalan; max = maximum; min = minimum; NE = not estimable; OS = overall survival; P = prednisone; PFS = progression-free survival; PR = partial response; R = lenalidomide; Rd = Rd given until documentation of progressive disease; Rd18 = Rd given for ≥ 18 cycles; SE = standard error; T = thalidomide; VGPR = very good partial response; vs = versus.

a The median is based on the Kaplan-Meier estimate. b The 95% CI about the median.

c                 Based on Cox proportional hazards model comparing the hazard functions associated with the indicated treatment arms.

d                The p-value is based on the unstratified log-rank test of Kaplan-Meier curve differences between the indicated treatment arms.

e                 Exploratory endpoint (PFS2) f The median is the univariate statistic without adjusting for censoring. g Best assessment of adjudicated response during the treatment phase of the study (for definitions of each response category, Data cut-off date = 24 May 2013).

h data cut 24 May 2013 

• Lenalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone followed by maintenance therapy in patients who are not eligible for transplant

The safety and efficacy of lenalidomide was assessed in a phase 3 multicenter, randomised double blind 3 arm study (MM-015) of patients who were 65 years or older and had a serum creatinine < 2.5 mg/dL. The study compared lenalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone (MPR) with or without lenalidomide maintenance therapy until disease progression, to that of melphalan and prednisone for a maximum of 9 cycles. Patients were randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of 3 treatment arms. Patients were stratified at randomisation by age (≤ 75 vs. > 75 years) and stage (ISS; Stages I and II vs. stage III).

This study investigated the use of combination therapy of MPR (melphalan 0.18 mg/kg orally on days 1 to 4 of repeated 28-day cycles; prednisone 2 mg/kg orally on days 1 to 4 of repeated 28day cycles; and lenalidomide 10 mg/day orally on days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycles) for induction therapy, up to 9 cycles. Patients who completed 9 cycles or who were unable to complete 9 cycles due to intolerance proceeded to maintenance therapy starting with lenalidomide 10 mg orally on days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycles until disease progression.

The primary efficacy endpoint in the study was progression free survival (PFS). In total 459 patients were enrolled into the study, with 152 patients randomised to MPR+R, 153 patients randomised to MPR+p and 154 patients randomised to MPp+p. The demographics and diseaserelated baseline characteristics of the patients were well balanced in all 3 arms; notably, approximately 50% of the patients enrolled in each arm had the following characteristics; ISS Stage III, and creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min. The median age was 71 in the MPR+R and MPR+p arms and 72 in the MPp+p arm.

In an analysis of PFS, PFS2, OS using a cut-off of April 2013 where the median follow up time for all surviving subjects was 62.4 months, the results of the study are presented in Table 9:

Table 9. Summary of overall efficacy data 

 

MPR+R 

(N = 152) 

MPR+p

(N = 153) 

MPp +p

(N = 154) 

Investigator-assessed PFS - (months) 

 

 

Mediana PFS time, months (95% CI)

27.4 (21.3, 35.0)

14.3 (13.2, 15.7)

13.1 (12.0, 14.8)

HR [95% CI]; p-value

 

 

MPR+R vs MPp+p

0.37 (0.27, 0.50); <0.001

 

MPR+R vs MPR+p

0.47 (0.35, 0.65); <0.001

 

MPR+p vs MPp +p

0.78 (0.60, 1.01); 0.059

 

PFS2 - (months) ¤ 

 

 

Mediana PFS2 time, months (95% CI)

39.7 (29.2, 48.4)

27.8 (23.1, 33.1)

28.8 (24.3, 33.8)

HR [95% CI]; p-value

 

 

MPR+R vs MPp+p

0.70 (0.54, 0.92); 0.009

 

MPR+R vs MPR+p

0.77 (0.59, 1.02); 0.065

 

MPR+p vs MPp +p

0.92 (0.71, 1.19); 0.051

 

Overall survival (months) 

 

 

Mediana OS time, months (95% CI)

55.9 (49.1, 67.5)

51.9 (43.1, 60.6)

53.9 (47.3, 64.2)

HR [95% CI]; p-value

 

 

MPR+R vs MPp+p

0.95 (0.70, 1.29); 0.736

 

MPR+R vs MPR+p

0.88 (0.65, 1.20); 0.43

 

MPR+p vs MPp +p

1.07 (0.79, 1.45); 0.67

 

Follow-up (months)

 

 

Median (min, max): all patients

48.4 (0.8, 73.8)

46.3 (0.5, 71.9)

50.4 (0.5, 73.3)

Investigator-assessed Myeloma response n

(%) 

 

 

CR

30 (19.7)

17 (11.1)

9 (5.8)

PR

90 (59.2)

99 ( 64.7)

75 (48.7)

Stable Disease (SD)

24 (15.8)

31 (20.3)

63 (40.9)

Response Not Evaluable (NE)

8 (5.3)

4 (2.6)

7 (4.5)

Investigator-assessed Duration of response

(CR+PR) - (months) 

 

 

 

Mediana (95% CI)

26.5 (19.4, 35.8)

12.4 (11.2, 13.9)

12.0 (9.4, 14.5)

CI = confidence interval; CR = complete response; HR = Hazard Rate; M = melphalan; NE = not estimable; OS = overall survival; p = placebo; P = prednisone; 

PD = progressive disease; PR = partial response; R = lenalidomide; SD = stable disease; VGPR = very good partial response. ª The median is based on the Kaplan-Meier estimate

¤ PFS2 (an exploratory endpoint) was defined for all patients (ITT) as time from randomisation to start of 3rd line antimyeloma therapy (AMT) or death for all randomised patients

Supportive newly diagnosed multiple myeloma studies 

An open-label, randomised, multicenter, phase 3 study (ECOG E4A03) was conducted in 445 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma; 222 patients were randomised to the lenalidomide/low dose dexamethasone arm, and 223 were randomised to the lenalidomide/standard dose dexamethasone arm. Patients randomised to the lenalidomide/standard dose dexamethasone arm received lenalidomide 25 mg/day, days 1 to 21 every 28 days plus dexamethasone 40 mg/day on days 1 to 4, 9 to 12, and 17 to 20 every 28 days for the first four cycles. Patients randomised to the lenalidomide/low dose dexamethasone arm received lenalidomide 25 mg/day, days 1 to 21 every 28 days plus low dose dexamethasone – 40 mg/day on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 every 28 days. In the lenalidomide/low dose dexamethasone group, 20 patients (9.1%) underwent at least one dose interruption compared to 65 patients (29.3%) in the lenalidomide/standard dose dexamethasone arm.

In a post-hoc analysis, lower mortality was observed in the lenalidomide/low dose dexamethasone arm 6.8% (15/220) compared to the lenalidomide/standard dose dexamethasone arm 19.3% (43/223), in the newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patient population, with a median follow up of 72.3 weeks.

However with a longer follow-up, the difference in overall survival in favour of lenalidomide/ low dose dexamethasone tends to decrease.

Multiple myeloma with at least one prior therapy 

The efficacy and safety of lenalidomide were evaluated in two phase 3 multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group controlled studies (MM-009 and MM-010) of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone therapy versus dexamethasone alone in previously treated patients with multiple myeloma. Out of 353 patients in the MM-009 and MM-010 studies who received lenalidomide/dexamethasone, 45.6% were aged 65 or over. Of the 704 patients evaluated in the MM-009 and MM-010 studies, 44.6% were aged 65 or over.

In both studies, patients in the lenalidomide/dexamethasone (len/dex) group took 25 mg of lenalidomide orally once daily on days 1 to 21 and a matching placebo capsule once daily on days 22 to 28 of each 28-day cycle. Patients in the placebo/dexamethasone (placebo/dex) group took 1 placebo capsule on days 1 to 28 of each 28-day cycle. Patients in both treatment groups took 40 mg of dexamethasone orally once daily on days 1 to 4, 9 to 12, and 17 to 20 of each 28day cycle for the first 4 cycles of therapy. The dose of dexamethasone was reduced to 40 mg orally once daily on days 1 to 4 of each 28-day cycle after the first 4 cycles of therapy. In both studies, treatment was to continue until disease progression. In both studies, dose adjustments were allowed based on clinical and laboratory finding.

The primary efficacy endpoint in both studies was time to progression (TTP). In total, 353 patients were evaluated in the MM-009 study; 177 in the len/dex group and 176 in the placebo/dex group and, in total, 351 patients were evaluated in the MM-010 study; 176 in the len/dex group and 175 in the placebo/dex group.

In both studies, the baseline demographic and disease-related characteristics were comparable between the len/dex and placebo/dex groups. Both patient populations presented a median age of 63 years, with a comparable male to female ratio. The ECOG performance status was comparable between both groups, as was the number and type of prior therapies.

Pre-planned interim analyses of both studies showed that len/dex was statistically significantly superior (p < 0.00001) to dexamethasone alone for the primary efficacy endpoint, TTP (median follow-up duration of 98.0 weeks). Complete response and overall response rates in the len/dex arm were also significantly higher than the placebo/dex arm in both studies. Results of these analyses subsequently led to an unblinding in both studies, in order to allow patients in the placebo/dex group to receive treatment with the len/dex combination.

An extended follow-up efficacy analysis was conducted with a median follow-up of 130.7 weeks. Table 10 summarises the results of the follow-up efficacy analyses – pooled studies MM009 and MM-010.

In this pooled extended follow-up analysis, the median TTP was 60.1 weeks (95% CI: 44.3, 73.1) in patients treated with len/dex (N = 353) versus 20.1 weeks (95% CI: 17.7, 20.3) in patients treated with placebo/dex (N = 351). The median progression free survival was 48.1 weeks (95% CI: 36.4, 62.1) in patients treated with len/dex versus 20.0 weeks (95% CI: 16.1,

20.1) in patients treated with placebo/dex. The median duration of treatment was 44.0 weeks (min: 0.1, max: 254.9) for len/dex and 23.1 weeks (min: 0.3, max: 238.1) for placebo/dex. Complete response (CR), partial response (PR) and overall response (CR+PR) rates in the len/dex arm remain significantly higher than in the placebo/dex arm in both studies. The median overall survival in the extended follow-up analysis of the pooled studies is 164.3 weeks (95% CI: 145.1, 192.6) in patients treated with len/dex versus 136.4 weeks (95% CI: 113.1, 161.7) in patients treated with placebo/dex. Despite the fact that 170 out of the 351 patients randomised to placebo/dex received lenalidomide after disease progression or after the studies were unblinded, the pooled analysis of overall survival demonstrated a statistically significant survival advantage for len/dex relative to placebo/dex (HR = 0.833, 95% CI = [0.687, 1.009], p=0.045).

Table 10. Summary of results of efficacy analyses as of cut-off date for extended follow-up — pooled studies MM-009 and MM-010 (cut-offs 23 July 2008 and 2 March 2008, respectively) 

Endpoint 

len/dex

(N=353) 

placebo/dex(N=351) 

 

Time to event 

 

 

HR [95% CI], p-valuea 

Time to progression 

Median [95% CI], weeks

60.1        [44.3,

73.1]

20.1 [17.7, 20.3]

0.350 [0.287, 0.426], p < 0.001 

Progression free survival 

Median [95% CI], weeks

48.1 

[36.4, 62.1]

20.0 [16.1, 20.1]

0.393 [0.326, 0.473], p < 0.001 

Overall survival

Median [95% CI], weeks

1-year Overall survival rate

164.3 [145.1,

192.6]

82%

136.4 [113.1, 161.7]

75%

0.833 [0.687, 1.009], p = 0.045 

Response rate 

 

 

Odds ratio [95% CI], p-valueb 

Overall response [n, %]

Complete response [n, %]

212 (60.1)

58 (16.4)

75 (21.4)

11 (3.1)

5.53 [3.97, 7.71], p < 0.001

6.08 [3.13, 11.80], p < 0.001 

a Two-tailed log rank test comparing survival curves between treatment groups. b Two-tailed continuity-corrected chi-square test.

Myelodysplastic syndromes 

The efficacy and safety of lenalidomide were evaluated in patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes associated with a deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality, with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities, in two main studies: a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-arm study of two doses of oral lenalidomide (10 mg and 5 mg) versus placebo (MDS-004); and a phase 2, a multicentre, single-arm, open-label study of lenalidomide (10 mg) (MDS-003). 

The results presented below represent the intent-to-treat population studied in MDS-003 and MDS-004; with the results in the isolated Del (5q) sub-population also shown separately. In study MDS-004, in which 205 patients were equally randomised to receive lenalidomide 10 mg, 5 mg or placebo, the primary efficacy analysis consisted of a comparison of the transfusionindependence response rates of the 10 mg and 5 mg lenalidomide arms versus the placebo arm (double-blind phase 16 to 52 weeks and open-label up to a total of 156 weeks). Patients who did not have evidence of at least a minor erythroid response after 16 weeks were to be discontinued from treatment. Patients who had evidence of at least a minor erythroid response could continue therapy until erythroid relapse, disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients, who initially received placebo or 5 mg lenalidomide and did not achieve at least a minor erythroid response after 16 weeks of treatment were permitted to switch from placebo to 5 mg lenalidomide or continue lenalidomide treatment at higher dose (5 mg to 10 mg).

In, study MDS-003, in which 148 patients received lenalidomide at a dose of 10 mg, the primary efficacy analysis consisted of an evaluation of the efficacy of lenalidomide treatments to achieve haematopoietic improvement in subjects with low- or intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndromes.

Table 11. Summary of efficacy results – studies MDS-004 (double-blind phase) and MDS-003, intent-to-treat populationEndpoint 

 

MDS-004 

N = 205 

 

 

MDS-003 

N = 148 

10 mg† 

N = 69 

5 mg†† 

N = 69 

Placebo* 

N = 67 

10 mg 

N = 148 

Transfusion Independence 

(≥ 182 days) #

38 (55.1%)

24 (34.8%)

4 (6.0%)

86 (58.1%)

Transfusion Independence 

(≥ 56 days) #

42 (60.9%)

33 (47.8%)

5 (7.5%)

97 (65.5%)

Median       Time       to        Transfusion

Independence (weeks)

 4.6

4.1

0.3

4.1

Median     Duration     of      Transfusion

Independence (weeks)

NR∞

NR

NR

114.4

Median Increase in Hgb, g/dL

6.4

5.3

2.6

5.6

† Subjects treated with lenalidomide 10 mg on 21 days of 28-day cycles  † † Subjects treated with lenalidomide 5 mg on 28 days of 28-day cycles

* The majority of patients on placebo discontinued the double-blind treatment for lack of efficacy after 16 weeks of treatment before entering the open-label phase 

#Associated with an increase in Hgb of ≥ 1g/dL 

∞ Not reached (i.e. the median was not reached)

In MDS-004, a significant larger proportion of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes achieved the primary endpoint of transfusion independence (>182 days) on lenalidomide 10 mg compared with placebo (55.1% vs. 6.0%). Amongst the 47 patients with an isolated Del (5q) cytogenetic abnormality and treated with lenalidomide 10 mg, 27 patients (57.4%) achieved red blood cell transfusion independence.

The median time to transfusion independence in the lenalidomide 10 mg arm was 4.6 weeks. The median duration of transfusion independence was not reached in any of the treatment arms but should exceed 2 years for the lenalidomide-treated subjects. The median increase in haemoglobin (Hgb) from baseline in the 10 mg arm was 6.4 g/dL. 

Additional endpoints of the study included cytogenetic response (in the 10 mg arm major and minor cytogenetic responses were observed in 30.0% and 24.0% of subjects, respectively), assessment of Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and progression to acute myeloid leukaemia. Results of the cytogenetic response and HRQoL were consistent with the findings of the primary endpoint and in favour of lenalidomide treatment compared to placebo.

In MDS-003, a large proportion of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes achieved transfusion independence (>182 days) on lenalidomide 10 mg (58.1%). The median time to transfusion independence was 4.1 weeks. The median duration of transfusion independence was 114.4 weeks. The median increase in haemoglobin (Hgb) was 5.6 g/dL. Major and minor cytogenetic responses were observed in 40.9% and 30.7% of subjects, respectively. 

A large proportion of subjects enrolled in MDS-003 (72.9%) and MDS-004 (52.7%) had received prior erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.

Mantle cell lymphoma 

The efficacy and safety of lenalidomide were evaluated in patients with mantle cell lymphoma in a phase 2, multicenter, randomised open-label study versus single agent of investigator's choice in patients who were refractory to their last regimen or had relapsed one to three times (study MCL-002).

Patients who were at least 18 years of age with histologically-proven MCL and CT-measurable disease were enrolled. Patients were required to have received adequate previous treatment with at least one prior combination chemotherapy regimen. Also, patients had to be ineligible for intensive chemotherapy and/or transplant at time of inclusion in the study. Patients were randomised 2:1 to the lenalidomide or the control arm. The investigator's choice treatment was selected before randomisation and consisted of monotherapy with either chlorambucil, cytarabine, rituximab, fludarabine, or gemcitabine.

Lenalidomide was administered orally 25 mg once daily for the first 21 days (D1 to D21) of repeating 28-day cycles until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients with moderate renal insufficiency were to receive a lower starting dose of lenalidomide 10 mg daily on the same schedule. 

The baseline demographic were comparable between the lenalidomide arm and control arm. Both patient populations presented a median age of 68.5 years with comparable male to female ratio. The ECOG performance status was comparable between both groups, as was the number of prior therapies.

The primary efficacy endpoint in study MCL-002 was progression-free survival (PFS).

The efficacy results for the Intent-to-Treat (ITT) population were assessed by the Independent Review Committee (IRC), and are presented in the table below.

Table 12. Summary of efficacy results – study MCL-002, intent-to-treat population 

 

Lenalidomide Arm 

Control Arm 

 

N = 170

N = 84

PFS 

PFS, mediana [95% CI]b (weeks)

 

37.6 [24.0, 52.6]

 

22.7 [15.9, 30.1]

Sequential HR [95% CI]e

0.61 [0.44, 0.84]

 

Sequential log-rank test, p-valuee

0.004

 

Responsea, n (%)

 

 

Complete response (CR)

8 (4.7)

0 (0.0)

Partial response (PR)

60 (35.3)

9 (10.7)

Stable disease (SD)b

50 (29.4)

44 (52.4)

Progressive disease (PD)

34 (20.0)

26 (31.0)

Not done/Missing

18 (10.6)

5 (6.0)

ORR (CR, CRu, PR), n (%) [95% CI]c

68 (40.0) [32.58, 47.78]

9 (10.7)d [5.02, 19.37]

p-valuee

< 0.001

 

CRR (CR, CRu), n (%) [95% CI]c

8 (4.7) [2.05, 9.06]

0 (0.0) [95.70, 100.00]

p-valuee

0.043

 

Duration of Response, mediana [95% CI] (weeks)

69.6 [41.1, 86.7]

45.1 [36.3, 80.9]

Overall Survival 

 

 

HR [95% CI]c

0.89 [0.62, 1.28]

 

Log-rank test, p-value

0.520

 

CI = confidence interval; CRR = complete response rate; CR = complete response; CRu = complete response unconfirmed; DMC = Data Monitoring Committee; ITT = intent-to-treat; HR = hazard ratio; KM = Kaplan-Meier; MIPI = Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index; NA = not applicable; ORR = overall response rate; PD = progressive disease; PFS = progression-free survival; PR= partial response; SCT = stem cell transplantation; SD = stable disease; SE = standard error.

a The median was based on the KM estimate. b Range was calculated as 95% CIs about the median survival time. c The mean and median are the univariate statistics without adjusting for censoring.

d                The stratification variables included time from diagnosis to first dose (< 3 years and ≥ 3 years), time from last prior systemic anti-lymphoma therapy to first dose (< 6 months and ≥ 6 months), prior SCT (yes or no), and MIPI at baseline (low, intermediate, and high risk). 

e                 Sequential test was based on a weighted mean of a log-rank test statistic using the unstratified log-rank test for sample size increase and the unstratified log-rank test of the primary analysis. The weights are based on observed events at the time the third DMC meeting was held and based on the difference between observed and expected events at the time of the primary analysis. The associated sequential HR and the corresponding 95% CI are presented.

In study MCL-002 in the ITT population, there was an overall apparent increase in deaths within 20 weeks in the lenalidomide arm 22/170 (13%) versus 6/84 (7%) in the control arm. In patients with high tumour burden, corresponding figures were 16/81 (20%) and 2/28 (7%) (see section

4.4).

Paediatric population 

The European Medicines Agency has waived the obligation to submit the results of studies with lenalidomide in all subsets of the paediatric population in multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes and mantle cell lymphoma (see section 4.2 for information on paediatric use)


Lenalidomide has an asymmetric carbon atom and can therefore exist as the optically active forms S(-) and R(+). Lenalidomide is produced as a racemic mixture. Lenalidomide is generally more soluble in organic solvents but exhibits the greatest solubility in 0.1N HCl buffer.

Absorption 

Lenalidomide is rapidly absorbed following oral administration in healthy volunteers, under fasting conditions, with maximum plasma concentrations occurring between 0.5 and 2 hours post-dose. In patients, as well as in healthy volunteers, the maximum concentration (Cmax) and area-under-the-concentration time curve (AUC) increase proportionally with increases in dose. Multiple dosing does not cause marked medicinal product accumulation. In plasma, the relative exposures of the S- and R- enantiomers of lenalidomide are approximately 56% and 44%, respectively.

Co-administration with a high-fat and high-calorie meal in healthy volunteers reduces the extent of absorption, resulting in an approximately 20% decrease in area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) and 50% decrease in Cmax in plasma. However, in the main multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndromes registration trials where the efficacy and safety were established for lenalidomide, the medicinal product was administered without regard to food intake. Thus, lenalidomide can be administered with or without food.

Population pharmacokinetic analyses indicate that the oral absorption rate of lenalidomide is similar among MM, MDS and MCL patients.

Distribution 

In vitro (14C)-lenalidomide binding to plasma proteins was low with mean plasma protein binding at 23% and 29% in multiple myeloma patients and healthy volunteers, respectively. Lenalidomide is present in human semen (< 0.01% of the dose) after administration of 25 mg/day and the medicinal product is undetectable in semen of a healthy subject 3 days after stopping the substance (see section 4.4).

Biotransformation and elimination 

Results from human in vitro metabolism studies indicate that lenalidomide is not metabolised by cytochrome P450 enzymes suggesting that administration of lenalidomide with medicinal products that inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes is not likely to result in metabolic medicinal product interactions in humans. In vitro studies indicate that lenalidomide has no inhibitory effect on CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A, or UGT1A1. Therefore, lenalidomide is unlikely to cause any clinically relevant medicinal product interactions when coadministered with substrates of these enzymes.

In vitro studies indicate that lenalidomide is not a substrate of human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multidrug resistance protein (MRP) transporters MRP1, MRP2, or MRP3, organic anion transporters (OAT) OAT1 and OAT3, organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), organic cation transporters (OCT) OCT1 and OCT2, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein (MATE) MATE1, and organic cation transporters novel (OCTN) OCTN1 and OCTN2. In vitro studies indicate that lenalidomide has no inhibitory effect on human bile salt export pump (BSEP), BCRP, MRP2, OAT1, OAT3, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OCT2.

A majority of lenalidomide is eliminated through urinary excretion. The contribution of renal excretion to total clearance in subjects with normal renal function was 90%, with 4% of lenalidomide eliminated in faeces.

Lenalidomide is poorly metabolized as 82% of the dose is excreted unchanged in urine. Hydroxy-lenalidomide and N-acetyl-lenalidomide represent 4.59% and 1.83% of the excreted dose, respectively. The renal clearance of lenalidomide exceeds the glomerular filtration rate and therefore is at least actively secreted to some extent.

At doses of 5 to 25 mg/day, half-life in plasma is approximately 3 hours in healthy volunteers and ranges from 3 to 5 hours in patients with multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes or mantle cell lymphoma.

Older people 

No dedicated clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide in the elderly. Population pharmacokinetic analyses included patients with ages ranging from 39 to 85 years old and indicate that age does not influence lenalidomide clearance (exposure in plasma). Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection and it would be prudent to monitor renal function.

Renal impairment 

The pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide was studied in subjects with renal impairment due to nonmalignant conditions. In this study, two methods were used to classify renal function: the urinary creatinine clearance measured over 24 hours and the creatinine clearance estimated by Cockcroft-Gault formula. The results indicate that as renal function decreases (< 50 mL/min), the total lenalidomide clearance decreases proportionally resulting in an increase in AUC. The AUC was increased by approximately 2.5, 4 and 5-fold in subjects with moderate renal impairment, severe renal impairment, and end-stage renal disease, respectively, compared to the group combining subjects with normal renal function and subjects with mild renal impairment. The half-life of lenalidomide increased from approximately 3.5 hours in subjects with creatinine clearance > 50 mL/min to more than 9 hours in subjects with reduced renal function < 50 mL/min. However, renal impairment did not alter the oral absorption of lenalidomide. The Cmax was similar between healthy subjects and patients with renal impairment. Approximately 30% of the medicinal product in the body was removed during a single 4-hour dialysis session.

Recommended dose adjustments in patients with impaired renal function are described in section

4.2.

Hepatic impairment 

Population pharmacokinetic analyses included patients with mild hepatic impairment (N=16, total bilirubin >1 to ≤1.5 x ULN or AST > ULN) and indicate that mild hepatic impairment does not influence lenalidomide clearance (exposure in plasma). There are no data available for patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment. 

Other intrinsic factors 

Population pharmacokinetic analyses indicate that body weight (33- 135 kg), gender, race and type of haematological malignancy (MM, MDS or MCL) do not have a clinically relevant effect on lenalidomide clearance in adult patients. 


An embryofoetal development study has been conducted in monkeys administered lenalidomide at doses from 0.5 and up to 4 mg/kg/day. Findings from this study indicate that lenalidomide produced external malformations including non-patent anus and malformations of upper and lower extremities (bent, shortened, malformed, malrotated and/or absent part of the extremities, oligo and/or polydactyly) in the offspring of female monkeys who received the active substance during pregnancy. 

Various visceral effects (discoloration, red foci at different organs, small colourless mass above atrio-ventricular valve, small gall bladder, malformed diaphragm) were also observed in single foetuses.

Lenalidomide has a potential for acute toxicity; minimum lethal doses after oral administration were > 2000 mg/kg/day in rodents. Repeated oral administration of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg/day to rats for up to 26 weeks produced a reversible treatment-related increase in kidney pelvis mineralisation in all 3 doses, most notably in females. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be less than 75 mg/kg/day, and is approximately 25-fold greater than the human daily exposure based on AUC exposure. Repeated oral administration of 4 and 6 mg/kg/day to monkeys for up to 20 weeks produced mortality and significant toxicity (marked weight loss, reduced red and white blood cell and platelet counts, multiple organ haemorrhage, gastrointestinal tract inflammation, lymphoid, and bone marrow atrophy). Repeated oral administration of 1 and 2 mg/kg/day to monkeys for up to 1 year produced reversible changes in bone marrow cellularity, a slight decrease in myeloid/erythroid cell ratio and thymicatrophy. Mild suppression of white blood cell count was observed at 1 mg/kg/day corresponding to approximately the same human dose based on AUC comparisons.

In vitro (bacterial mutation, human lymphocytes, mouse lymphoma, Syrian Hamster Embryo cell transformation) and in vivo (rat micronucleus) mutagenicity studies revealed no drug related effects at either the gene or chromosomal level. Carcinogenicity studies with lenalidomide have not been conducted.

Developmental toxicity studies were previously conducted in rabbits. In these studies, rabbits were administered 3, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day orally. An absence of the intermediate lobe of the lung was observed at 10 and 20 mg/kg/day with dose dependence and displaced kidneys were observed at 20 mg/kg/day. Although it was observed at maternotoxic levels they may be attributable to a direct effect. Soft tissue and skeletal variations in the foetuses were also observed at 10 and 20 mg/kg/day. 


Lenalidomide Capsules 25mg: 

The active substance is Lenalidomide (Form-H1)

Each hard gelatine Capsule contains 25 mg of Lenalidomide.

The other ingredients are: Anhydrous Lactose (Supertab 21 AN), Microcrystalline Cellulose, (Avicel PH 112), Croscarmellose Sodium (Ac-di-sol), Magnesium stearate, Size ‘0’ empty hard gelatin capsules with opaque white cap and opaque white body, imprinted with ‘H’ on cap and ‘L7’ on body.


NA


24 months

Store below 30°C.


Lenalidomide Capsules are supplied in Blister pack.


NA


Saudi Hetero Lab Ltd. Aljameah Street, Malaz quarter, Riyadh 11441, Saudi Arabia Tel: +966 11 477 2215 Manufacture: HETERO LABS LTD – UNIT V.

December, 2019
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