BENLYSTA (belimumab) is indicated for the treatment of:

·         adult patient with active, autoantibody positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who are receiving standard therapy, and

·         adult patients with active lupus nephritis who are receiving standard therapy.

Limitations of Use

The efficacy of BENLYSTA has not been evaluated in patients with severe active central nervous system lupus. BENLYSTA has not been studied in combination with other biologics. Use of BENLYSTA is not recommended in these situations.

BENLYSTA may be administered as an intravenous infusion in patients aged 5 years and older or as a subcutaneous injection in patients aged 18 years and older. Vials are intended for intravenous use only (not for subcutaneous use) and autoinjectors and prefilled syringes are intended for subcutaneous use only (not for intravenous use).

Subcutaneous Dosing Instructions:

Subcutaneous dosing of BENLYSTA has not been evaluated and is not approved for patients younger than 18 years of age.

Recommended Subcutaneous Dosage Regimen — Adult Patients with SLE

The recommended dosage is 200 mg once weekly given as a subcutaneous injection in the abdomen or thigh. Subcutaneous dosing is not based on weight.

If transitioning from intravenous therapy with BENLYSTA to subcutaneous administration, administer the first subcutaneous dose 1 to 4 weeks after the last intravenous dose.

Recommended Subcutaneous Dosage Regimen — Adult Patients with Lupus Nephritis

In patients initiating therapy with BENLYSTA for active lupus, the recommended dosage regimen is a 400-mg dose (two 200-mg injections) once weekly for 4 doses, then 200 mg once weekly thereafter. The dose is given via subcutaneous injection in the abdomen or thigh. The 400-mg dose for active lupus nephritis requires administration of 2 autoinjectors or 2 prefilled syringes as described below.

A patient with lupus nephritis may transition from intravenous therapy with BENLYSTA to subcutaneous therapy any time after the patient completes the first 2 intravenous doses. If transitioning, administer the first subcutaneous dose of 200 mg 1 to 2 weeks after the last intravenous dose.

Administration Instructions for Subcutaneous Injection

1.         It is recommended that the first subcutaneous injection of BENLYSTA should be under the supervision of a healthcare professional. The healthcare provider should provide proper training in subcutaneous technique and education about signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions [see Special Warnings and Precautions for use]. A patient may self-inject or the patient caregiver may administer BENLYSTA subcutaneously after the healthcare provider determines it is appropriate.

2.         Instruct the patient or patient caregiver to follow the directions for administration provided in the Instructions for Use.

3.         Instruct the patient to remove the autoinjector or prefilled syringe from the refrigerator and allow it to sit at room temperature for 30 minutes prior to the subcutaneous injection. Do not warm BENLYSTA in any other way.

4.         Prior to administration, instruct the patient or patient caregiver to visually inspect the window of the autoinjector or the prefilled syringe for particulate matter or discoloration. BENLYSTA should be clear to opalescent and colorless to pale yellow. Do not use BENLYSTA if the product exhibits discoloration or particulate matter. Instruct the patient not to use the BENLYSTA autoinjector or prefilled syringe if dropped on a hard surface.

5.         When injecting in the same body region, advise the patient to use a different injection site for each injection; never give injections into areas where the skin is tender, bruised, red, or hard. When a 400-mg dose is administered at the same site, it is recommended that the 2 individual 200-mg injections be administered at least 5 cm (approximately 2 inches) apart.

6.         Instruct the patient to administer BENLYSTA 200 mg once a week, preferably on the same day each week.

7.       If a dose is missed, instruct the patient to administer a dose as soon as the patient remembers. Thereafter, the patient can resume dosing on their usual day of administration or start a new weekly schedule from the day that the missed dose was administered.

Subcutaneous dosing of BENLYSTA has not been evaluated and is not approved for patients younger than 18 years of age.

Serious Infections

Serious and sometimes fatal infections have been reported in patients receiving immunosuppressive agents, including BENLYSTA. Overall, the incidence of serious infections in controlled trials was similar in patients receiving BENLYSTA compared with placebo, whereas fatal infections occurred more frequently in patients receiving BENLYSTA.

In a controlled trial of BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously in adults with SLE, the incidence of serious infections was 4.1% in patients receiving BENLYSTA and 5.4% in patients receiving placebo. Fatal infections occurred in 0.5% of patients receiving BENLYSTA and in none of the patients receiving placebo [see Undesirable Effects].

Consider the risk and benefit before initiating treatment with BENLYSTA in patients with severe or chronic infections. Consider interrupting therapy with BENLYSTA in patients who develop a new infection while receiving it and monitor these patients closely.

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Cases of JC virus-associated PML resulting in neurological deficits, including fatal cases, have been reported in patients with SLE receiving immunosuppressants, including BENLYSTA. Risk factors for PML include treatment with immunosuppressant therapies and impairment of immune function. Consider the diagnosis of PML in any patient presenting with new-onset or deteriorating neurological signs and symptoms and consult with a neurologist or other appropriate specialist as clinically indicated. In patients with confirmed PML, consider stopping immunosuppressant therapy, including BENLYSTA.

Hypersensitivity Reactions, including Anaphylaxis

Acute hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and death, have been reported in association with BENLYSTA. These events generally occurred within hours of the infusion; however, they may occur later. Non-acute hypersensitivity reactions including rash, nausea, fatigue, myalgia, headache, and facial edema have been reported and typically occurred up to a week following the most recent infusion. Hypersensitivity, including serious reactions, has occurred in patients who have previously tolerated infusions of BENLYSTA. Limited data suggest that patients with a history of multiple drug allergies or significant hypersensitivity may be at increased risk.

In a controlled trial of BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously in adults with SLE, systemic hypersensitivity reactions were similar to those observed in the intravenous clinical trials.

BENLYSTA for intravenous use should be administered by healthcare providers prepared to manage anaphylaxis. In the event of a serious reaction, discontinue BENLYSTA immediately and administer appropriate medical therapy. Monitor patients during infusion and for an appropriate period of time after intravenous administration of BENLYSTA. Consider administering premedication as prophylaxis prior to intravenous dosing [see Posology and Method of Administration].

Inform patients receiving BENLYSTA of the signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions and instruct them to seek immediate medical care should a reaction occur.

Depression and Suicidality

In a controlled trial of BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously in adults with SLE, which excluded patients with a history of psychiatric disorders, psychiatric events were reported less frequently in patients receiving BENLYSTA (6%) compared with those receiving placebo (11%). There were no serious depression-related events or suicides reported in either group [see Undesirable Effects].

Assess the risk of depression and suicide considering the patient’s medical history and current psychiatric status before treatment with BENLYSTA and continue to monitor patients during treatment. Instruct patients receiving BENLYSTA (and caregivers, if applicable) to contact their healthcare provider if they experience new or worsening depression, suicidal thoughts or behavior, or other mood changes. Consider the risk and benefit of continued treatment with BENLYSTA for patients who develop such symptoms.

Malignancy

The impact of treatment with BENLYSTA on the development of malignancies is not known.

In a controlled clinical trial of BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously in adults with SLE (N = 836), the data were similar. The mechanism of action of BENLYSTA could increase the risk for the development of malignancies.

Immunization

Live vaccines should not be given for 30 days before or concurrently with BENLYSTA as clinical safety has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving BENLYSTA or the effect of BENLYSTA on new immunizations. Because of its mechanism of action, BENLYSTA may interfere with the response to immunizations.

Concomitant Use with Other Biologic Therapies

BENLYSTA has not been studied in combination with other biologic therapies, including B-cell-targeted therapies. Therefore, use of BENLYSTA is not recommended in combination with biologic therapies.

Formal drug interaction studies have not been performed with BENLYSTA. In clinical trials, BENLYSTA was administered concomitantly with other drugs, including corticosteroids, antimalarials, immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents (including azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and mycophenolate), angiotensin pathway antihypertensives, HMG‑CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) without evidence of a clinically meaningful effect of these concomitant medications on belimumab pharmacokinetics. The effect of belimumab on the pharmacokinetics of other drugs has not been evaluated [see Pharmacological properties].

Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Available data on use of BENLYSTA in pregnant women, from observational studies, published case reports, and postmarketing surveillance, are insufficient to determine whether there is a drug-associated risk for major birth defects or miscarriage. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with SLE (see Clinical Considerations). Monoclonal antibodies, such as belimumab, are actively transported across the placenta during the third trimester of pregnancy and may affect immune response in the in utero-exposed infant (see Clinical Considerations). In an animal combined embryo-fetal and pre- and post-natal development study with monkeys that received belimumab by intravenous administration, there was no evidence of fetal harm with exposures approximately 9 times (based on intravenous administration) and 20 times (based on subcutaneous administration) the exposure at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD). Belimumab-related findings in monkey fetuses and/or infants included reductions of B-cell counts, reductions in the density of lymphoid tissue B-lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes, and altered IgG and IgM titers. The no-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) was not identified for these findings; however, they were reversible within 3 to 12 months after the drug was discontinued (see Data). Based on animal data and the mechanism of action of belimumab, the immune system in infants of treated mothers may be adversely affected. It is unknown, based on available data, whether immune effects, if identified, are reversible [see Pharmacological Properties].

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Clinical Considerations

Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk: Pregnant women with SLE are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including worsening of the underlying disease, premature birth, miscarriage, and intrauterine growth restriction. Maternal lupus nephritis increases the risk of hypertension and preeclampsia/eclampsia. Passage of maternal autoantibodies across the placenta may result in adverse neonatal outcomes, including neonatal lupus and congenital heart block.

Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions: Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly transported across the placenta as pregnancy progresses, with the largest amount transferred during the third trimester. Risks and benefits should be considered prior to administering live or live-attenuated vaccines to infants exposed to BENLYSTA in utero. Monitor an infant of a treated mother for B-cell reduction and other immune dysfunction [see Special Warnings and Precautions].

Data

Animal Data: In a combined embryo-fetal and pre- and post-natal development study, pregnant cynomolgus monkeys received belimumab at intravenous doses of 0, 5, or 150 mg/kg every 2 weeks from confirmation of pregnancy at Gestation Days (GD) 20 to 22, throughout the period of organogenesis (up to approximately GD 50), and continuing to either the day of scheduled cesarean section (GD 150 [late third trimester]) or the day of parturition. There was no evidence of maternal toxicity, effects on embryofetal and infant survival, or structural abnormalities at exposure approximately 9 times the MRHD of 10 mg/kg intravenously or 20 times the MRHD of 200 mg subcutaneously (on an AUC basis with maternal animal intravenous doses up to 150 mg/kg). Belimumab-related findings in mothers included reductions of immature and mature B-cell counts and in fetuses and/or infants included reductions of immature and mature B-cell counts, reductions in the density of lymphoid tissue B-lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes, reduced spleen weights, increased IgG titers, and reduced IgM titers. B-cell counts in infant monkeys exposed to belimumab in utero recovered by 3 months of age and in mothers after 1 year. IgG and IgM levels in infant monkeys recovered by 6 months of age and the reductions in B-lymphocytes in the lymph nodes and spleen were reversed by 1 year of age. Belimumab crossed the placenta, as it was detected in fetal cord blood and amniotic fluid on GD 150.

Lactation

Risk Summary

No information is available on the presence of belimumab in human milk, the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant, or the effects of the drug on milk production. Belimumab was detected in the milk of cynomolgus monkeys; however, due to species-specific differences in lactation physiology, animal data may not predict drug levels in human milk. Maternal IgG is known to be present in human milk. If belimumab is transferred into human milk, the effects of local exposure in the gastrointestinal tract and potential limited systemic exposure in the infant to belimumab are unknown. The lack of clinical data during lactation precludes clear determination of the risk of BENLYSTA to an infant during lactation; therefore, the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for BENLYSTA, and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from BENLYSTA or from the underlying maternal condition.

Females and Males of Reproductive Potential

Contraception

Following an assessment of benefit versus risk, if prevention of pregnancy is warranted, females of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 4 months after the final treatment.

There have been no studies to investigate the effect of BENLYSTA on driving performance or the ability to operate machinery. No detrimental effects on such activities are predicted from the pharmacology of BENLYSTA.

The clinical status of the patient and the safety profile of BENLYSTA should be borne in mind when considering the patient's ability to perform tasks that require judgement, motor or cognitive skills.

4.8.1 Adverse Reactions

The following adverse reactions have been observed with BENLYSTA and are discussed in detail in the Warnings and Precautions section:

·         Serious Infections [see Special Warnings and Precautions for use]

·         Hypersensitivity Reactions, including Anaphylaxis [see Special Warnings and Precautions for use]

·         Infusion Reactions [see Special Warnings and Precautions for use]

·         Depression and Suicidality [see Special Warnings and Precautions for use]

·         Malignancy [see Special Warnings and Precautions for use]

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Clinical Trials Experience with Subcutaneous Administration in Adults

The data described below reflect exposure to BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously plus standard therapy compared with placebo plus standard therapy in 836 patients with SLE in a controlled trial (Trial 7). In addition to standard therapy, patients received BENLYSTA 200 mg (n = 556) or placebo (n = 280) (2:1 randomization) once weekly for up to 52 weeks [see Clinical Studies].

The overall population had a mean age of 39 years (range: 18 to 77), 94% were female, and 60% were White. In the trial, 81% of patients treated with BENLYSTA plus standard therapy reported an adverse event compared with 84% treated with placebo plus standard therapy. The proportion of patients who discontinued treatment due to any adverse reaction during the controlled clinical trial was 7.2% of patients receiving BENLYSTA plus standard therapy and 8.9% of patients receiving placebo plus standard therapy.

The safety profile observed for BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously plus standard therapy was consistent with the known safety profile of BENLYSTA administered intravenously plus standard therapy, with the exception of local injection site reactions.

Infections

In a controlled trial of BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously in adults with SLE (N = 836), the overall incidence of infections was 55% in patients receiving BENLYSTA compared with 57% in patients receiving placebo (serious infections: 4.1% with BENLYSTA and 5.4% with placebo). The most commonly reported infections with BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously were similar to those reported with BENLYSTA administered intravenously. Fatal infections occurred in 0.5% (3/556) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and in no patients receiving placebo (0/280).

Depression and Suicidality

In a controlled trial of BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously in adults with SLE (N = 836), which excluded patients with a history of psychiatric disorders, psychiatric events were reported in 6% of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 11% of patients receiving placebo. Depression-related events were reported in 2.7% (15/556) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 3.6% (10/280) of patients receiving placebo. Serious psychiatric events were reported in 0.2% (1/556) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and in no patients receiving placebo. There were no serious depression-related events or suicides reported in either group. On the C‑SSRS, 1.3% (7/554) of patients receiving BENLYSTA reported suicidal ideation or behavior compared with 0.7% (2/277) of patients receiving placebo.

Injection Site Reactions

In a controlled clinical trial of BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously in adults with SLE (N = 836), the frequency of injection site reactions was 6.1% (34/556) for patients receiving BENLYSTA plus standard therapy and 2.5% (7/280) for patients receiving placebo plus standard therapy. These injection site reactions (most commonly pain, erythema, hematoma, pruritus, and induration) were mild to moderate in severity. The majority (94%) did not necessitate discontinuation of treatment.

Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of BENLYSTA. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

·         Fatal anaphylaxis [see Special Warnings and Precautions for use].

Immunogenicity

As with all therapeutic proteins, there is potential for immunogenicity. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to belimumab with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other products may be misleading.

In Trials 2 and 3 (intravenous dosing in adults with SLE), anti-belimumab antibodies were detected in 4 of 563 (0.7%) patients receiving BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg and in 27 of 559 (4.8%) patients receiving BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg. The reported frequency for the group receiving 10 mg/kg may underestimate the actual frequency due to lower assay sensitivity in the presence of high drug concentrations. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 3 patients receiving BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg. Three patients with anti-belimumab antibodies experienced mild infusion reactions of nausea, erythematous rash, pruritus, eyelid edema, headache, and dyspnea; none of the reactions was life-threatening. In Trial 4 (intravenous dosing in adult Black patients), anti-belimumab antibodies were detected in 2 of 321 (0.6%) patients receiving BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg during the 52-week, placebo-controlled period. In Trial 5 (intravenous dosing in adults with lupus nephritis), there was no formation of anti-belimumab antibodies in 224 patients receiving BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg plus standard therapy during the 104-week, placebo‑controlled period. In Trial 6 (intravenous dosing in pediatric patients with SLE), there was no formation of anti-belimumab antibodies in 53 patients receiving BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg plus standard therapy during the 52-week, placebo‑controlled period. In Trial 7 (subcutaneous dosing in adults with SLE), there was no formation of anti‑belimumab antibodies in 556 patients receiving BENLYSTA 200 mg during the 52-week, placebo-controlled period.

The clinical relevance of the presence of anti-belimumab antibodies is not known.

The data reflect the percentage of patients whose test results were positive for antibodies to belimumab in specific assays.

Use in Specific Populations

Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of intravenous administration of BENLYSTA have not been established in pediatric patients with active lupus nephritis younger than 18 years of age.

The safety and effectiveness of subcutaneous administration of BENLYSTA have not be­en established in pediatric patients younger than 18 years of age.

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of BENLYSTA did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 or older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Use with caution in elderly patients.

Renal Impairment

The safety and efficacy of BENLYSTA were evaluated in studies that included patients with SLE who had mild (creatinine clearance [CrCl] ³60 and <90 mL/min), moderate (CrCl ³30 and <60 mL/min), or severe (CrCl ³15 and <30 mL/min) renal impairment. No dosage adjustment is recommended in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

No formal trials were conducted to examine the effects of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of belimumab. No dosage adjustment is recommended in patients with hepatic impairment.

Racial Groups

In Trial 2 and Trial 3 (intravenous dosing), SLE Responder Index-4 (SRI-4) response rates were lower for Black patients receiving BENLYSTA plus standard therapy relative to Black patients receiving placebo plus standard therapy (see Clinical Studies).

In Trial 4 (intravenous dosing), a 2:1 randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Black patients, SLE Responder Index (SRI-S2K) response rates were higher for Black patients receiving BENLYSTA plus standard therapy (49%) relative to Black patients receiving placebo plus standard therapy (42%). However, the treatment difference was not statistically significant (see Clinical Studies).

In Trial 7 (subcutaneous dosing), SRI-4 response was 45% (26/58) in Black patients receiving BENLYSTA plus standard therapy compared with 39% (13/33) in Black patients receiving placebo plus standard therapy (see Clinical Studies).

The safety profile of BENLYSTA in Black patients was consistent with the known safety profile of BENLYSTA administered in the overall population (see Undesirable effects).

To report any side effect(s):

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

-National Pharmacovigilance centre (NPC)

• Fax: +966-11-205-7662
• Reporting hotline: 19999
• E-mail: npc.drug@sfda.gov.sa
• Website: https://ade.sfda.gov.sa

-GlaxoSmithKline - Head Office, Jeddah

• Tel:  +966-12-6536666
• Mobile: +966-56-904-9882
• Email: saudi.safety@gsk.com  
• website: https://gskpro.com/en-sa/  
• P.O. Box 55850, Jeddah 21544, Saudi Arabia

For any information about this medicinal product, please contact:

GlaxoSmithKline - Head Office, Jeddah

·         Tel:  +966-12-6536666

·         Mobile: +966-56-904-9882

·         Email: gcc.medinfo@gsk.com

·         Website: https://gskpro.com/en-sa/

·         P.O. Box 55850, Jeddah 21544, Saudi Arabia

There is limited experience with overdosage of belimumab. Adverse reactions reported in association with cases of overdose have been consistent with those expected for belimumab.
Two doses of up to 20 mg/kg have been given intravenously to humans with no increase in incidence or severity of adverse reactions compared with doses of 1, 4, or 10 mg/kg.

ATC Code 

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Selective immunosuppressants, ATC code: L04AA26 

Mechanism of Action

BENLYSTA is a BLyS-specific inhibitor that blocks the binding of soluble BLyS, a B-cell survival factor, to its receptors on B cells. BENLYSTA does not bind B cells directly, but by binding BLyS, BENLYSTA inhibits the survival of B cells, including autoreactive B cells, and reduces the differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells.

Treatment with BENLYSTA in adult patients significantly reduced circulating CD19+, CD20+, naïve, and activated B cells, and the SLE B‑cell subset at Week 52. Reductions in naïve and the SLE B‑cell subset were observed as early as Week 8 and sustained to Week 52. Memory cells increased initially and slowly declined toward baseline levels by Week 52.

Treatment with BENLYSTA in adult patients led to reductions in IgG and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA) which were observed as early as Week 8 and sustained through Week 52. In patients with low complement levels at baseline, treatment led to increases in complement C3 and C4 as early as Week 12 and were sustained through Week 52.

The pharmacodynamic response observed in Black patients (Trial 4) was consistent with the previous studies.

In patients with active lupus nephritis (Trial 5), following treatment with BENLYSTA, there was a decrease in serum IgG as early as Week 4, and subsequently there was an increase in serum IgG levels which was associated with decreased proteinuria. Reductions in autoantibodies, increases in complement, and reductions in circulating total B cells and B‑cell subsets observed were consistent with the SLE studies.

In Trial 6 (pediatric dosing), the pharmacodynamic response was consistent with the adult data.

The clinical relevance of above mentioned pharmacodynamic biomarkers has not been established.

Subcutaneous Injection in Adults

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The pharmacokinetic parameters displayed in Table 1 are based on population parameter estimates from 661 subjects after subcutaneous administration of belimumab 200 mg once weekly. The time to reach maximum serum concentration (C_max) was 2.6 days (T_max) after administration at steady state. The bioavailability of belimumab was approximately 74%. With weekly subcutaneous administration there were minor fluctuations around the average concentration (C_avg 104 mcg/mL), with C_min (97 mcg/mL) being only slightly below C_avg.

Table 1. Population Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Adults after Subcutaneous Administration of BENLYSTA

Lupus Nephritis: Based on population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation of the subcutaneous 400-mg weekly loading dose, the average belimumab concentration during the first 12 weeks was predicted to be 78 mcg/mL, which is similar to the estimated concentration of 89 mcg/mL for intravenous administration. The loading dose of 400 mg weekly provides steady-state concentrations from Week 2 of dosing. The steady-state average concentrations of subcutaneous administration of belimumab 200 mg once weekly in adults with lupus nephritis are predicted to be similar to those observed in adults with lupus nephritis receiving belimumab 10 mg/kg intravenously every 4 weeks.

Specific Populations

The following information is based on the population pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous administration and subcutaneous administration of BENLYSTA.

             Age: Age did not significantly influence the pharmacokinetics of belimumab, where the majority of subjects were between 18 and 45 years (70% with intravenous dosing; 74% with subcutaneous dosing).

            Geriatric Patients: Limited pharmacokinetic data are available for elderly patients as less than 2% of the subjects included in the pharmacokinetic analysis were 65 years or older [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)].

            Pediatric Patients: The pharmacokinetic parameters are based on individual parameter estimates from a population pharmacokinetic analysis of 53 pediatric patients (Trial 6). Following IV administration of 10 mg/kg on Days 0, 14, and 28, and at 4‑week intervals thereafter, belimumab exposures were similar between pediatric and adult subjects with SLE. Steady-state geometric mean C_max, C_min, C_avg, and AUC values were 305, 42, 92 mcg/mL, and 2,569 day·mcg/mL in the 5- to 11-year-old group, and 317, 52, 112 mcg/mL and 3,126 day·mcg/mL in the 12- to 17-year-old group. [See Use in Specific Populations (8.4).]

Male and Female Patients: Gender did not significantly influence belimumab pharmacokinetics in the largely female trial population (94% with intravenous dosing; 85% with subcutaneous dosing).

Racial Groups: Race did not significantly influence belimumab pharmacokinetics. The racial distribution with intravenous administration was 53% White, 16% Asian, 16% Alaska native/American Indian, and 14% Black in Trials 1, 2, and 3. Trial 4 enrolled only Black patients. The racial distribution with subcutaneous administration (Trial 7) was 61% White, 20% Asian, 11% Black, and 6% Alaska native/American Indian.

Weight: Body weight and body mass index (BMI) had no clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of belimumab administered subcutaneously in adults. No dose adjustment is recommended based on weight or BMI for subcutaneous administration.

Patients with Renal Impairment: No formal trials were conducted to examine the effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of belimumab. BENLYSTA was studied in a limited number of adult patients with SLE who had mild (CrCl ³60 and <90 mL/min), moderate (CrCl ³30 and <60 mL/min), or severe (CrCl ³15 and <30 mL/min) renal impairment: 770 patients with mild renal impairment, 261 patients with moderate renal impairment, and 14 patients with severe renal impairment received belimumab intravenously; 121 patients with mild renal impairment and 30 patients with moderate renal impairment received belimumab subcutaneously. [See Use in Specific Populations (8.6).]

Patients with Hepatic Impairment: No formal trials were conducted to examine the effects of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of belimumab. Baseline ALT and AST levels did not significantly influence belimumab pharmacokinetics. [See Use in Specific Populations]

Drug Interaction Studies

No formal drug interaction studies have been conducted with BENLYSTA. Concomitant use of mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, antimalarials, NSAIDs, aspirin, and/or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors did not significantly influence belimumab pharmacokinetics. Coadministration of steroids and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors resulted in an increase of systemic clearance of belimumab that was not clinically significant because the magnitude was well within the range of normal variability of clearance. The effect of belimumab on the pharmacokinetics of other drugs has not been evaluated.

CLINICAL STUDIES

The safety and effectiveness of BENLYSTA administered intravenously plus standard therapy were evaluated in 4 randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trials involving 2,581 adult patients with SLE (Trial 1, NCT #00071487, Trial 2, NCT #00410384, Trial 3, NCT #00424476, and Trial 4 NCT #01632241), and one trial involving 93 pediatric patients (Trial 6, NCT #01649765) with SLE according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. In these trials, patients with severe active lupus nephritis and severe active CNS lupus were excluded. Patients were on a stable standard therapy SLE treatment regimen comprising any of the following (alone or in combination): corticosteroids, antimalarials, NSAIDs, and immunosuppressives. Use of other biologics and intravenous cyclophosphamide was not permitted.

In addition, the safety and effectiveness of BENLYSTA administered intravenously plus standard therapy was evaluated in a randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trial in 448 adult patients with active lupus nephritis (Trial 5; NCT #01639339).

Clinical Trials with Subcutaneous Administration in Adults with SLE

SLE – BENLYSTA 200 mg - Subcutaneous

The safety and effectiveness of BENLYSTA administered subcutaneously were evaluated in a randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trial involving 836 adult patients with SLE according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria (Trial 7, NCT #01484496). Patients with severe active lupus nephritis and severe active CNS lupus were excluded. The trial (2:1 randomization) evaluated BENLYSTA 200 mg once weekly plus standard therapy (n = 556) compared with placebo once weekly plus standard therapy (n = 280) over 52 weeks in patients with active SLE disease. Patients had to have a SELENA-SLEDAI score of ³8 and positive autoantibody test (anti-nuclear antibody [ANA] and/or anti-double-stranded DNA [anti-dsDNA]) results at screening.

No significant differences in baseline patient characteristics were observed between treatment groups. In some countries, treatment with a B-cell-targeted agent was permitted if received a year or more prior to baseline; otherwise, treatment with a B-cell-targeted agent was not permitted. Patients were excluded from the trial if they were currently receiving other biologic agents. Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy, intravenous cyclophosphamide, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), prednisone >100 mg/day, and plasmapheresis were not permitted within the previous 3 months or during the trial. The trial was conducted in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. Baseline concomitant medications included corticosteroids (86%), antimalarials (69%), and immunosuppressives (46%, including azathioprine, methotrexate, and mycophenolate). Most patients (approximately 80%) were receiving 2 or more classes of SLE medications.

More than 50% of patients had 3 or more active organ systems involved at baseline. The most common active organ systems at baseline based on SELENA-SLEDAI were mucocutaneous (88%), musculoskeletal (78%), and immunologic (76%). Overall, 12% of patients had some degree of renal activity and less than 15% of patients had activity in the vascular, cardio-respiratory, or CNS systems. Patients were stratified by disease severity based on their SELENA-SLEDAI score (≤9 vs. ³10), complement level (C3 and/or C4 low vs. other), and race (Black vs. other), and then randomly assigned to receive BENLYSTA 200 mg plus standard therapy or placebo once weekly plus standard therapy.

The primary efficacy endpoint was the SLE Responder Index-4 (SRI-4) at Week 52 as described in the intravenous trials. Secondary efficacy endpoints included time to first severe flare (as measured by the modified SELENA-SLEDAI SLE Flare Index) and the proportion of patients receiving prednisone >7.5 mg/day at baseline whose average prednisone dose had been reduced by ≥25% to ≤7.5 mg/day during Weeks 40 through 52.

The proportion of patients achieving an SRI-4 response was significantly higher in patients receiving BENLYSTA plus standard therapy compared with placebo plus standard therapy. The trends comparing the treatment groups with respect to the probability of response for the individual components of the endpoint were consistent with that of the SRI-4 (Table 2).

Table 2. Clinical Response Rate in Patients with SLE after 52 Weeks of Treatment 

^a  Patients dropping out of the trial early or experiencing certain increases in background medication were considered as failures in these analyses. A higher proportion of patients receiving placebo plus standard therapy were considered as failures for this reason compared with the group receiving BENLYSTA plus standard therapy.

The reduction in disease activity seen in the SRI-4 was related primarily to improvement in the most commonly involved organ systems, namely, mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, immunologic, and vascular.

The proportion of SRI-4 responders by visit through Week 52 is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Proportion (%) of SRI-4 Responders (+/- Standard Error) by Visit^a 

^a   The same patients may not have responded at each timepoint.

Effect in Black/African-American Patients: Exploratory sub-group analyses of SRI-4 response rate in Black patients (n = 91) were performed. The SRI-4 response rate in Black patients receiving BENLYSTA plus standard therapy was 45% (26/58) compared with 39% (13/33) in the group receiving placebo plus standard therapy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.8)].

Effect on Concomitant Steroid Treatment: At baseline, 60% of patients were receiving prednisone at doses >7.5 mg/day. Among these patients, 18% of patients receiving BENLYSTA plus standard therapy reduced their average prednisone dose by at least 25% to £7.5 mg/day during Weeks 40 through 52 compared with 12% of patients on placebo plus standard therapy; this difference was not statistically significant (OR = 1.65 [95% CI: 0.95, 2.84]).

Effect on Severe SLE Flares: The probability of experiencing a severe SLE flare, as measured by the modified SELENA-SLEDAI SLE Flare Index, excluding severe flares triggered only by an increase of the SELENA-SLEDAI score to >12, was calculated. The proportion of patients reporting at least 1 severe flare during the study was lower in patients treated with BENLYSTA plus standard therapy (11%) compared with those receiving placebo plus standard therapy (18%). Patients treated with BENLYSTA plus standard therapy had a 49% lower risk of experiencing at least 1 severe flare during the 52 weeks of observation, relative to the patients receiving placebo plus standard therapy (HR = 0.51 [95% CI: 0.35, 0.74]). Of the patients experiencing a severe flare, the median time to the first severe flare was delayed in patients receiving BENLYSTA plus standard therapy compared with placebo plus standard therapy (171 days vs. 118 days).

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Long-term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of belimumab.

Effects on male and female fertility have not been directly evaluated in animal studies.

Sodium Chloride

L-Arginine Hydrochloride

L-Histidine Monohydrochloride

L-Histidine

Polysorbate 80

Water for injections

None known.

Store in refrigerator between 2°C and 8°C.

Do not freeze.

Protect from light. Store in the original carton until use.

Benlysta may be stored outside of the refrigerator up to 30°C for up to 12 hours in the original carton. Do not use and do not place back in the refrigerator if left out for more than 12 hours. 

Solution for subcutaneous injection in pre-filled auto-injector (single dose)

1 mL siliconized, USP Type I glass syringe with 0.5 inch (12.7mm), 27G, stainless steel needle assembled as an auto-injector.

Available in packs of 1 or 4 pre-filled auto-injectors.

Each pre-filled syringe and pre-filled auto-injector delivers 200 mg BENLYSTA in 1 mL.

Not all pack sizes or presentations may be marketed in every country.

BENLYSTA is a trademark owned by or licensed to the GSK group of companies.

©2021 GSK group of companies. All rights reserved.

Comprehensive instructions for subcutaneous administration of Benlysta in a pre-filled pen or pre-filled syringe are provided at the end of the patient leaflet (see Step-by-step instructions).

Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.